ASTM C837-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue Index of Clay
Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue Index of Clay
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests run on many clays generally indicate that a straight-line relationship exists between the methylene blue index (MBI) and such fundamental clay properties as cation exchange capacity, dry bond strength, and casting rate. Where the colloidal portion of the clay is kaolinite, there is also a direct correlation with specific surface (as determined by nitrogen adsorption). Where the colloidal portion contains significant amounts of illite or montmorillonite, the same close correlation does not exist. The MBI better correlates with the ceramic-forming properties than does the specific surface.
That portion of a clay lying within the colloidal range (generally defined as the 0.5- to 0.001-μm range), determines the strictly colloidal properties of the clay and, together with the amount and type of organic material associated with the clay and the 2- to 0.2-μm fraction, largely determines the properties of the clay when used in ceramic-forming processes. While the specific surface of a clay is a function of the particle size and morphology and a relationship exists between dye adsorption and specific surface, the MBI should not be considered to be a particle size analysis since the value obtained is dominated by the character of only the very fine end of the particle size distribution. This procedure describes the determination of the dye adsorption (in this case, methylene blue) of a clay.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the adsorption of methylene blue dye by a clay, which is calculated as a methylene blue index for a clay.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C837 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Methylene Blue Index of Clay
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* clay and the 2- to 0.2-µm fraction, largely determines the
properties of the clay when used in ceramic-forming processes.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the adsorp-
While the specific surface of a clay is a function of the particle
tion of methylene blue dye by a clay, which is calculated as a
size and morphology and a relationship exists between dye
methylene blue index for a clay.
adsorption and specific surface, the MBI should not be con-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sidered to be a particle size analysis since the value obtained is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
dominated by the character of only the very fine end of the
standard.
particle size distribution. This procedure describes the deter-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
minationofthedyeadsorption(inthiscase,methyleneblue)of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the a clay.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Balance, accurate to 0.01 g.
4.2 Mixer.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.3 pH Meter or pH Paper.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C324 Test Method for Free Moisture in Ceramic Whiteware
4.4 Beaker, 600 mL.
Clays
4.5 Buret, 25 mL.
3. Significance and Use
4.6 Medicine Dropper or Glass Stirring Rod.
3.1 Tests run on many clays generally indicate that a
4.7 Filter Paper. Baroid No. 987.
straight-line relationship exists between the methylene blue
index (MBI) and such fundamental clay properties as cation
5. Reagents
exchange capacity, dry bond strength, and casting rate. Where
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
the colloidal portion of the clay is kaolinite, there is also a
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
direct correlation with specific surface (as determined by
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
nitrogen adsorption). Where the colloidal portion contains
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
significant amounts of illite or montmorillonite, the same close 3
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
correlation does not exist. The MBI better correlates with the
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
ceramic-forming properties than does the specific surface.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
3.2 That portion of a clay lying within the colloidal range
accuracy of the determination.
(generally defined as the 0.5- to 0.001-µm range), determines
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
the strictly colloidal properties of the clay and, together with
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water or water of
the amount and type of organic material associated with the
equal purity.
3
5.3 Methylene Blue Solution (1 mL = 0.01 meq) —Store in
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
darkness.
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
3
approvedin1976.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asC837 – 99(2003).DOI: Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
10.1520/C0837-09. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C837 − 09
NOTE 1—Greater precision can be obtained by using larger samples
5.4 Sulfuric Acid (0.1N).
with only minor influence on the value obtained.
6. Procedure
7. Calculation
6.1 Weigh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C837–99 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: C 837 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Methylene Blue Index of Clay
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the adsorption of methylene blue dye by a clay, which is calculated as a
methylene blue index for a clay.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 324 Test Method for Free Moisture in Ceramic Whiteware Clays
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Tests run on many clays generally indicate that a straight-line relationship exists between the methylene blue index (MBI)
and such fundamental clay properties as cation exchange capacity, dry bond strength, and casting rate. Where the colloidal portion
of the clay is kaolinite, there is also a direct correlation with specific surface (as determined by nitrogen adsorption). Where the
colloidalportioncontainssignificantamountsofilliteormontmorillonite,thesameclosecorrelationdoesnotexist.TheMBIbetter
correlates with the ceramic-forming properties than does the specific surface.
3.2 That portion of a clay lying within the colloidal range (generally defined as the 0.5- to 0.001-µm range), determines the
strictly colloidal properties of the clay and, together with the amount and type of organic material associated with the clay and the
2- to 0.2-µm fraction, largely determines the properties of the clay when used in ceramic-forming processes. While the specific
surface of a clay is a function of the particle size and morphology and a relationship exists between dye adsorption and specific
surface, the MBI should not be considered to be a particle size analysis since the value obtained is dominated by the character of
only the very fine end of the particle size distribution. This procedure describes the determination of the dye adsorption (in this
case, methylene blue) of a clay.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance, accurate to 0.01 g.
4.2 Mixer.
4.3 pH Meter or pH Paper.
4.4 Beaker, 600 mL.
4.5 Buret,25mL.
4.6 Medicine Dropper or Glass Stirring Rod.
4.7 Filter Paper,. Baroid No. 987.
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-21C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Clays. Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct.Jan. 1, 2003.2009. Published October 2003.February 2009. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 19992003 as
C 837 – 99(2003).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C837–09
2
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean distilled water or water of
equal purity.
3
5.3 Methylene Blue Solution (1 mL=0.01 meq) —Store in darkness.
5.4 Sulfuric Acid (0.1N).
6. Procedure
6.1 Weighout2.00gofclaythathasbeendriedinaccordancewiththeprocedureinTestMethodC 324andplaceinthe600-mL
beaker. If the clay cannot be tested immediately after drying, it should be stored in a desiccator.
6.2 Add 300 mL of distilled water to the beaker and stir with the mixer until the clay is uniformly dispersed.
6.3 Determine the pH of the slurry and add sufficient sulfuric acid to bring the pH within the range from 2.5 to 3.8.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C837–99 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: C 837 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Methylene Blue Index of Clay
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the adsorption of methylene blue dye by a clay, which is calculated as a
methylene blue index for a clay.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 324 Test Method for Free Moisture in Ceramic Whiteware Clays
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Tests run on many clays generally indicate that a straight-line relationship exists between the methylene blue index (MBI)
and such fundamental clay properties as cation exchange capacity, dry bond strength, and casting rate. Where the colloidal portion
of the clay is kaolinite, there is also a direct correlation with specific surface (as determined by nitrogen adsorption). Where the
colloidalportioncontainssignificantamountsofilliteormontmorillonite,thesameclosecorrelationdoesnotexist.TheMBIbetter
correlates with the ceramic-forming properties than does the specific surface.
3.2 That portion of a clay lying within the colloidal range (generally defined as the 0.5- to 0.001-µm range), determines the
strictly colloidal properties of the clay and, together with the amount and type of organic material associated with the clay and the
2- to 0.2-µm fraction, largely determines the properties of the clay when used in ceramic-forming processes. While the specific
surface of a clay is a function of the particle size and morphology and a relationship exists between dye adsorption and specific
surface, the MBI should not be considered to be a particle size analysis since the value obtained is dominated by the character of
only the very fine end of the particle size distribution. This procedure describes the determination of the dye adsorption (in this
case, methylene blue) of a clay.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance, accurate to 0.01 g.
4.2 Mixer.
4.3 pH Meter or pH Paper.
4.4 Beaker, 600 mL.
4.5 Buret,25mL.
4.6 Medicine Dropper or Glass Stirring Rod.
4.7 Filter Paper,. Baroid No. 987.
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-21C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Clays. Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct.Jan. 1, 2003.2009. Published October 2003.February 2009. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 19992003 as
C 837 – 99(2003).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C837–09
2
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean distilled water or water of
equal purity.
3
5.3 Methylene Blue Solution (1 mL=0.01 meq) —Store in darkness.
5.4 Sulfuric Acid (0.1N).
6. Procedure
6.1 Weighout2.00gofclaythathasbeendriedinaccordancewiththeprocedureinTestMethodC 324andplaceinthe600-mL
beaker. If the clay cannot be tested immediately after drying, it should be stored in a desiccator.
6.2 Add 300 mL of distilled water to the beaker and stir with the mixer until the clay is uniformly dispersed.
6.3 Determine the pH of the slurry and add sufficient sulfuric acid to bring the pH within the range from 2.5 to 3.8.
...
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