ASTM D904-99(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for determining the effects of UV light, or UV light and water, on adhesive bonded joints under controlled but artificial conditions. The results of this practice can be used for comparing the relative durability of several adhesives in a specific laboratory UV exposure.
4.2 This practice is not for determining a forecast of the life of an adhesive bond in service. It is only for determining the relative durability of different adhesives compared to each other.
4.3 The results obtained may vary between the different light sources (xenon-arc or fluorescent UV), because of the different spectral-irradiance of the lamps. Adhesives should not be compared to each other based on their performance under different types of light sources.
4.4 The results obtained may vary when operation conditions are varied within the limits of a given method. The results may also vary when exposures are performed on instruments made by different manufacturers. Comparisons between materials must only be made when they are tested at the same time in the same instrument. Be sure to accurately report the operating conditions.
4.5 The type and UV transmittance characteristics of the transparent adherend used can have a significant effect on the rate and type of degradation of the adhesives being tested. Comparisons between adhesives must only be made when tested on transparent adherends of the same type (preferably the same lot) with the same UV transmission.
4.6 This practice is not for determining the effects of atmospheric pollutants, biological organisms, salt, or freeze/thaw cycles.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for ultraviolet (UV) light aging (with or without water) of adhesive bonded joints having at least one glass or transparent adherend, using fluorescent UV (see Method A) or xenon-arc light sources (see Method B).
1.2 This practice is limited to the apparatus for obtaining, measuring, and controlling the aging conditions, and to the procedures for exposure. Sample preparation, strength, test conditions, and evaluation of the results are described in other ASTM test methods or specifications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D904 −99 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
procedures for ultraviolet (UV) light aging (with or without
3. Terminology
water) of adhesive bonded joints having at least one glass or
transparent adherend, using fluorescent UV (see MethodA) or
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms in this practice are
xenon-arc light sources (see Method B).
defined in Terminology D907.
1.2 This practice is limited to the apparatus for obtaining,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
measuring, and controlling the aging conditions, and to the
3.2.1 irradiance, n—(1) the rate at which light energy falls
procedures for exposure. Sample preparation, strength, test
on a unit area of surface (W/m ), or (2) the radiant power
conditions, and evaluation of the results are described in other
incident upon a unit area of surface.
ASTM test methods or specifications.
3.2.2 radiant exposure (or light dosage), n—(1) the accu-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mulated light energy which has fallen on a unit area over time
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
(J/m ), or (2) the irradiance integrated with respect to time.
standard.
3.2.3 spectral irradiance, n—the distribution of irradiance
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in accordance with wavelength.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Spectral irradiance is usually shown as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a curve relating irradiance (ordinate) and light wavelength
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(abscissa). Because shorter wavelength UV is usually more
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
damaging than longer wavelength UV, lamps with different
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
spectral irradiance curves can cause drastically different
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
amounts of UV damage, even if they produce the same total
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
irradiance.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 spectral power distribution (SPD), n—the amount of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
radiation present at each wavelength.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The SPD can be expressed by power in
watts,irradianceinwatts/squaremetre,orenergyinjoules.The
2. Referenced Documents
shape of the SPD would be identical in all of these units.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fluorescent lamps are frequently described by relative SPD’s
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
which show the amount of radiation at each wavelength as a
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
percentage of the amount of radiation at the peak wavelength.
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
3.2.5 UV-A, n—ultraviolet light in the wavelength band
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)
between 315 and 400 nm.
Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
3.2.6 UV-B, n—ultraviolet light in the wavelength band
between 280 and 315 nm.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
4. Significance and Use
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
4.1 This practice is for determining the effects of UV light,
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D904 – 99 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D0904-99R13.
or UV light and water, on adhesive bonded joints under
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
controlled but artificial conditions. The results of this practice
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
can be used for comparing the relative durability of several
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. adhesives in a specific laboratory UV exposure.
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D904 − 99 (2021)
4.2 This practice is not for determining a forecast of the life 5.4.2 Cycle II—24hUVat60 6 3°C with no condensation,
of an adhesive bond in service. It is only for determining the for applications where moisture is not a factor.
relative durability of different adhesives compared to each 5.4.3 Other temperatures and time cycles are acceptable, as
other. long as they are reported in accordance with Section 7.
4.3 The results obtained may vary between the different NOTE 2—Temperatures are black-panel temperatures measured in the
panel rack.
light sources (xenon-arc or fluorescent UV), because of the
differentspectral-irradianceofthelamps.Adhesivesshouldnot
5.5 Operate the apparatus in accordance with Practices
be compared to each other based on their performance under
G151 and G154.
different types of light sources.
5.6 Expose the specimens for 168 h or multiples thereof,
4.4 The results obtained may vary when operation condi-
unless a significant change is observed in a shorter time.
tionsarevariedwithinthelimitsofagiv
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