ASTM E2243-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Significance and Use—CCPs can be effective materials for use for reclamation of surface mines. Following are key scenarios in which CCPs may be utilized beneficially in a mined setting:
Structural fill
Road construction
Soil modification or amendment for revegetation (5-9)
Isolation of acid forming materials (5)
Reduction of acid mine drainage (AMD) (5,10-15)
Highwall mining (16,17)
4.1.1 These options represent most, but not all, scenarios under which CCPs would be returned to the mine. This guide discusses issues related to highwall mining and recontouring. Because of the chemical and physical characteristics of CCPs and the benefits derived from the use of CCPs in these applications, placement of CCPs in a surface mine setting qualifies as a beneficial use as defined in Terminology E2201.
4.1.2 CCPs are ideally suited for use in numerous fill applications. Structural fills and other high-volume fills are significant opportunities for placement of CCPs in mine situations for reclamation, recontouring, and stabilizing slopes. These applications are the focus of this guide.
4.1.3 Any type of CCP may be evaluated for use in mine reclamation, even fly ash with high carbon content. Project-specific testing is necessary to ensure that the CCPs selected for use on a given project will meet the project objectives. The use of CCPs can be cost effective because they are available in bulk quantities and reduce expenditures for the manufacture and purchase of borrow material, Portland cement, or quicklime. Large-scale use of CCPs for mine reclamation conserves landfill space by recycling a valuable product, provided that the CCP is environmentally and technically suitable for the desired use.
4.2 Use of CCPs for Mine Reclamation—E2201 the Standard on Fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, FGD material, and FBC ash or combinations thereof can be used for mine reclamation. Each of these materials typically exhibits general physical and che...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of coal combustion products (CCPs) for surface coal mine reclamation applications, as in beneficial use for reestablishing land contours, highwall reclamation, and other reclamation activities requiring fills or soil replacement. The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance on identification of CCPs with appropriate engineering and environmental performance appropriate for surface mine re-contouring and highwall reclamation applications. It does not apply to underground mine reclamation applications. There are many important differences in physical and chemical characteristics among the various types of CCPs available for use in mine reclamation. CCPs proposed for each project must be investigated thoroughly to design CCP placement activities to meet the project objectives. This guide provides procedures for consideration of engineering, economic, and environmental factors in the development of such applications, and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. This guide is not intended to replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's unique aspects.
1.2 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.
1.3 This guide applies to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal.
1.4 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for using CCPs in mine reclamation are similar to generally accepted practices for using other materials, including cement and soils, in mine reclamation. For guidance on structural fills to be constructed at mine sites, see applicable ASTM guide for coal ash structural fills.
1.5 Regulations governing the use of CC...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2243 − 13
Standard Guide for
Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine
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Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state.
The user of this standard guide has the responsibility to
1.1 This guide covers the use of coal combustion products
determine and comply with applicable regulations.
(CCPs) for surface coal mine reclamation applications, as in
beneficial use for reestablishing land contours, highwall 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
reclamation, and other reclamation activities requiring fills or as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
soil replacement. The purpose of this standard is to provide conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
guidance on identification of CCPs with appropriate engineer- and are not considered standard.
ing and environmental performance appropriate for surface
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mine re-contouring and highwall reclamation applications. It
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
does not apply to underground mine reclamation applications.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
There are many important differences in physical and chemical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
characteristics among the various types of CCPs available for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
use in mine reclamation. CCPs proposed for each project must
be investigated thoroughly to design CCP placement activities
2. Referenced Documents
to meet the project objectives. This guide provides procedures
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
for consideration of engineering, economic, and environmental
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
factors in the development of such applications, and should be
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
used in conjunction with professional judgement. This guide is
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
not intended to replace the standard of care by which the
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
should this guide be applied without consideration of a
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and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
project’s unique aspects.
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
1.2 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
of a pollution prevention program; Guide E1609 describes
Fluids
pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
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CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
energy.
kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
1.3 This guide applies to CCPs produced primarily from the
Water Pycnometer
combustion of coal.
D1195 Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of
1.4 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for
Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in
using CCPs in mine reclamation are similar to generally
Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pave-
accepted practices for using other materials, including cement
ments
and soils, in mine reclamation. For guidance on structural fills
D1196 Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate Load
to be constructed at mine sites, see applicableASTM guide for
Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for
coal ash structural fills.
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ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ity of Subcommittee E50.03 on Pollution Prevention/Beneficial Use. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2243-02 which was The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
withdrawn January 2011 and reinstated in October 2013. DOI: 10.1520/E2243-13. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM Internatio
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