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ASTM C94/C94M-03a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser's specification shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer shall be the contractor, subcontractor, supplier, or producer who furnishes the ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser shall be the owner or representative thereof.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2003
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.40 - Ready-Mixed Concrete
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C94/C94M-03e1 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Replaced By
ASTM C94/C94M-04 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM C935-19 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Prestressed Concrete Poles Statically Cast
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1668-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C915-79(2018) - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Crib Wall Members
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1776/C1776M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Wet-Cast Precast Modular Retaining Wall Units
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C685/C685M-17 - Standard Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C125-21a - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1798/C1798M-19 - Standard Specification for Returned Fresh Concrete for Use in a New Batch of Ready-Mixed Concrete
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1613-22 - Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Gravity Grease Interceptor Tanks
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6449-99(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Fine Aggregate Concrete for Fabric Formed Concrete (Flow Cone Method)
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1227-23 - Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Septic Tanks
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1116/C1116M-23 - Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1090-15 - Standard Classification for Bank and Mercantile Vault Construction
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Referred By
ASTM C858-19 - Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003

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ASTM C94/C94M-03a - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 94/C 94M – 03a
Standard Specification for
1
Ready-Mixed Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 94/C 94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3
Specimens)
1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manu-
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
factured and delivered to a purchaser in a freshly mixed and
2
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce-
quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as
2
ment Concrete
specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements
3
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the
2
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
purchaser’s specification shall govern. This specification does
C 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of
2
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.
C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,
3
ment by Vicat Needle
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
2
Concrete by the Pressure Method
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
2
crete
conformance with the standard.
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer
2
tural Concrete
shall be the contractor, subcontractor, supplier, or producer
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
who furnishes the ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser shall
2
Concrete
be the owner or representative thereof.
C 567 Test Method for Determining Density of Structural
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
2
Lightweight Concrete
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
as requirements of the standard.
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
2
2. Referenced Documents
Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
2
C 1017/C 1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures
Specimens in the Field
2
2
for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
2
2
Mixed Portland-Cement Concrete
lindrical Concrete Specimens
C 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
2
Laboratory Evaluation
3
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 94/C 94M–03.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 94/C 94M – 03a
over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement
C 1240 Standard Specification for Use of Silica Fume for
of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.
Use as a Mineral Admixture in Hydraulic-Cement Con-
2
crete, Mortar, and Grout
4. Ordering Information
4
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
4
4.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifi-
D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
5
cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:
2.2 ACI Documents:
4.1.1 Designated
...

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4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).  
4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).  
4.3 If testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.  
4.4 When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C295/C295M.  
4.5 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates portland cement in concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).  
4.6 Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
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ASTM C617/C617M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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ASTM C873/C873M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cast-in-place cylinder strength relates to the strength of concrete in the structure due to the similarity of curing conditions because the cylinder is cured within the slab. However, due to differences in moisture condition, degree of consolidation, specimen size, and length-diameter ratio, there is not a unique relationship between the strength of cast-in-place cylinders and cores of the same age. When cores can be drilled undamaged and tested in the same moisture condition as the cast-in-place cylinders, the strength of the cylinders can be expected to be on average 10 % higher than the cores at ages up to 91 days for specimens of the same size and length-diameter ratio.4  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. This test method is limited to use in slabs where the depth of concrete is from 125 mm to 300 mm [5 in. to 12 in.].  
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Standard Practice for Fabricating Test Specimens with Self-Consolidating Concrete

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4.1 Existing practices and test methods for fabricating fresh concrete test specimens are not suited to SCC. This practice provides requirements and procedures for fabricating test specimens with SCC having a slump flow of 500 mm [20 in.] or greater.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for fabricating test specimens in the laboratory or field using a representative sample of fresh self-consolidating concrete (SCC). This practice is applicable to SCC with a nominal maximum aggregate size up to 25 mm [1 in.] and a slump flow of 500 mm [20 in.] or greater. If the slump flow is less than 500 mm [20 in.] follow the fabrication procedures described in the standard for which the test specimen is required.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete. This test method is applicable for laboratory use in comparing the passing ability of different concrete mixtures. It is also applicable in the field as a quality control test.  
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by using the J-Ring in combination with a mold.  
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ASTM C1231/C1231M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides for using an unbonded capping system in testing hardened concrete cylinders made in accordance with Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M, or cores obtained in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M in lieu of the capping systems described in Practice C617/C617M.  
4.2 The elastomeric pads deform in initial loading to conform to the contour of the ends of the test specimens and are restrained from excessive lateral spreading by plates and metal rings to provide a uniform distribution of load from the bearing blocks of the testing machine to the ends of the concrete or mortar specimens.
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ASTM C142/C142M-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM C138/C138M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    6 pages
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