ASTM D5321/D5321M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure described in this test method for determination of the shear resistance of the soil and geosynthetic or geosynthetic and geosynthetic interface is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. The test specimens and conditions, including normal stresses, are generally selected by the user.
5.2 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised as outlined in 5.2.1.
5.2.1 The shear resistance can be expressed only in terms of actual test conditions (see Note 2 and Note 3). The determined value may be a function of the applied normal stress, material characteristics (for example, of the geosynthetic), soil properties, size of sample, moisture content, drainage conditions, displacement rate, magnitude of displacement, and other parameters.Note 2—In the case of acceptance testing requiring the use of soil, the user must furnish the soil sample, soil parameters, and direct shear test parameters. The method of test data interpretation for purposes of acceptance should be mutually agreed to by the users of this test method.Note 3—Testing under this test method should be performed by laboratories qualified in the direct shear testing of soils and meeting the requirements of Practice D3740, especially since the test results may depend on site-specific and test conditions.
5.2.2 This test method measures the total resistance to shear between a geosynthetic and a supporting material (substratum) or a geosynthetic and an overlying material (superstratum). The total shear resistance may be a combination of sliding, rolling and interlocking of material components.
5.2.3 This test method does not distinguish between individual mechanisms, which may be a function of the soil and geosynthetic used, method of material placement and hydration, normal and shear stresses applied, means used to hold the geosynthetic in place, r...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosynthetic against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of deformation.
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field conditions. Results obtained from this method may be limited in their applicability to the specific conditions considered in the testing.
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics, with the exception of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which are addressed in Test Method D6243/D6243M.
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5321/D5321M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and
1
Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5321/D5321M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
3
kN-m/m ))
shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosyn-
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
thetic against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
deformation.
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the perfor-
D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Con-
mance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain
solidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
field conditions. Results obtained from this method may be
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
limited in their applicability to the specific conditions consid-
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
ered in the testing.
D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics, with
Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
the exception of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which are
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
addressed in Test Method D6243/D6243M.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the
non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement. Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
by the Direct Shear Method
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3. Terminology
with the standard.
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to soil and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety
rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
relating to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.2.1 adhesion, c ,n—the y-intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb
limitations prior to use. a
strength envelope.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: tained at a relative humidity between 50 and 70 % and
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained temperature of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
Fluids
3.2.3 Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, δ,n—(angle of friction
of a material or between two materials, °) the angle defined by
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
the least-squares, “best-fit” straight line through a defined
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
sectionoftheshearstrength-normalstressfailureenvelope;the
cal Properties.
component of the shear strength indicated by the term δ,in
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
Coulomb’s equation, τ=c + σ * tan (δ ) (see 12.6).
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5321/D5321M–13
a n
DOI: 10.1520/D5321_D5321M-14.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The end user is cautioned that some
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
organizations (for example, FHWA,AASHTO along with state
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
agencies who use these documents) are currently using the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Greek letter, Delta (δ), to designate wall-backfill interface
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5321/D5321M − 13 D5321/D5321M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and
1
Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5321/D5321M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note—Editorial corrections were made to the units information, Section 3, and throughout the standard
on August 23, 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosynthetic
against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of deformation.
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field
conditions. Results obtained from this method may be limited in their applicability to the specific conditions considered in the
testing.
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics, with the exception of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which are
addressed in Test Method D6243/D6243M.
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the
non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct
Shear Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 23, 2013Jan. 1, 2014. Published September 2013January 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20122013
as D5321D5321/D5321M–12–13 DOI: 10.1520/D5321_D5321M-13.10.1520/D5321_D5321M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5321/D5321M − 14
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to soil and rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms relating
to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adhesion, c , n—the y-intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb strength envelope.
a
3.2.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air maintained at a relative humidity between 50 and 70 % and temperature of
21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
3.2.3 Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, δ, n—(angle of friction of a mate
...
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