ASTM D3964-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements
Standard Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many of the specimens that are regularly submitted to measurement depart in some degree from the ideal requirements. For this reason instrumental readings are affected importantly by the manner in which specimens are selected and presented for measurement. Reproducible measurements are facilitated by standardization and control of test conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a guide to selection of specimens for appearance measurement by reflected light as well as a discussion of factors to be considered in their preparation for measurement. Standardized selection and presentation procedures will assist in achieving agreement between evaluations carried out in different laboratories as well as helping to achieve better correlations between visual evaluations and instrumental measurements.
Note 1—This standard is not a practice for preparation of test panels of coatings; see Practices D823.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3964 − 10
StandardPractice for
Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance
1
Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope importantlybythemannerinwhichspecimensareselectedand
presented for measurement. Reproducible measurements are
1.1 This practice provides a guide to selection of specimens
facilitated by standardization and control of test conditions.
for appearance measurement by reflected light as well as a
discussion of factors to be considered in their preparation for
5. General Requirements
measurement. Standardized selection and presentation proce-
5.1 Selection—In making appearance measurements it is
dures will assist in achieving agreement between evaluations
important that the specimens selected be representative of the
carried out in different laboratories as well as helping to
material of interest. Once selected, the specimens must be
achieve better correlations between visual evaluations and
carefully examined to determine if they are suitable for
instrumental measurements.
measurement, and if not, they must be cleaned or otherwise
NOTE 1—This standard is not a practice for preparation of test panels of
prepared. Careful attention to these factors is necessary if the
coatings; see Practices D823.
measurements are to be valid.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Specimen Size—The minimum size is dictated by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
size of the specimen port of the instrument to be used for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measurement. When an instrument provides a choice of speci-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
men port sizes, use the largest port that can be completely
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
covered by the specimen. A large measured area helps to
2. Referenced Documents minimize the effect of any small area nonuniformity and is
2 therefore more likely to provide results that agree with the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
involuntary averaging that takes place when specimens are
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
observed visually. In addition, a large specimen also permits
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
the operator to make measurements on several areas of the
E284 Terminology of Appearance
specimen when desired, thereby providing further specimen
averaging.
3. Terminology
5.3 Opacity—For determination of gloss or color, an opaque
3.1 Definitions:
specimen shall be selected whenever possible. When the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
specimen is translucent or transparent, the following practices
Terminology E284.
shall be implemented:
4. Significance and Use
5.3.1 For Gloss Evaluation—The specimen shall preferably
be sufficiently thick that a secondary reflection from the back
4.1 Many of the specimens that are regularly submitted to
or second surface of the specimen cannot enter the receptor
measurement depart in some degree from the ideal require-
optics of the glossmeter. When thin transparent specimens
ments. For this reason instrumental readings are affected
must be measured, adopt one of the following procedures:
5.3.1.1 Back the specimen with a light-absorbing material
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
of the same refractive index as the specimen, and in optical
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
contact with it.
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
5.3.1.2 Use an agreed-upon specimen thickness, including
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
coating and substrate, and place a black backing behind the
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3964 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/D3964-10.
specimen.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3.2 For Color Evaluation—The choice of backing of even
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
slightly translucent specimens will affect their measurement.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Use the most applicable of the backing techniques that follow.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3964 − 10
In each case it is essential that the bac
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3964–04 Designation:D3964–10
Standard Practice for
Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance
1
Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides a guide to selection of specimens for appearance measurement by reflected light as well as a
discussion of factors to be considered in their preparation for measurement. Standardized selection and presentation procedures
will assist in achieving agreement between evaluations carried out in different laboratories as well as helping to achieve better
correlations between visual evaluations and instrumental measurements.
NOTE 1—This standard is not a practice for preparation of test panels of coatings; see Practices D823.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
E284 Terminology of Appearance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E284.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Many of the specimens that are regularly submitted to measurement depart in some degree from the ideal requirements. For
this reason instrumental readings are affected importantly by the manner in which specimens are selected and presented for
measurement. Reproducible measurements are facilitated by standardization and control of test conditions.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Selection—In making appearance measurements it is important that the specimens selected be representative of the material
of interest. Once selected, the specimens must be carefully examined to determine if they are suitable for measurement, and if not,
they must be cleaned or otherwise prepared. Careful attention to these factors is necessary if the measurements are to be valid.
5.2 Specimen Size—The minimum size is dictated by the size of the specimen port of the instrument to be used for
measurement. When an instrument provides a choice of specimen port sizes, use the largest port that can be completely covered
by the specimen.Alarge measured area helps to minimize the effect of any small area nonuniformity and is therefore more likely
to provide results that agree with the involuntary averaging that takes place when specimens are observed visually. In addition, a
large specimen also permits the operator to make measurements on several areas of the specimen when desired, thereby providing
further specimen averaging.
5.3 Opacity—For determination of gloss or color, an opaque specimen shall be selected whenever possible.When the specimen
is translucent or transparent, the following practices shall be implemented:
5.3.1 For Gloss Evaluation—The specimen shall preferably be sufficiently thick that a secondary reflection from the back or
second surface of the specimen cannot enter the receptor optics of the glossmeter. When thin transparent specimens must be
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2004.2010. Published July 2004.June 2010. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
D3964–80(1998).D3964 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/D3964-104.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3964–10
measured, adopt one of the following procedures:
5.3.1.1 Back the specimen with a light-absorbing material of the same refractive index as the specimen, and in optical contact
with it.
5.3.1.2 Use an agreed
...
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