ASTM D5887-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.
This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.
This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.
This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1—Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.
This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL.
The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5887 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Construction Materials Testing
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers
Ventilation Ovens
laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having
geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCLproducts with
3. Terminology
geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coat-
3.1 Definitions:
ing backing(s).
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of water under laminar
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under
flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufactur-
specimen.
ing quality control. The test method can also be used to check
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-
conformance.The flux value determined using this test method
manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay
is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of
supported by geotextiles, or geomembranes, or both, that are
GCLs.
held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a bias,
standard, unless other units are specifically given.
butthatmaybeusedtoestablishanorderforasetofspecimens
with respect to the property of interest.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
see Terminology D653 and Terminology D4439.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves permeation of a 100-mm
2. Referenced Documents
(4-in.) diameter GCL test specimen. The specimen is set up in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a flexible-wall permeameter, subjected to a total stress of 550
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
kPa(80psi)andabackpressureof515kPa(75psi)foraperiod
Fluids
of 48 h. Flow is initiated using deionized water by raising the
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
pressureontheinfluentsideofthetestspecimento530kPa(77
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
psi). The flux is determined when inflow and outflow are
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
approximately equal (within 625 %).
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and 5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a
saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners.
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
flux of a GCLspecimen exceeds the maximum value stated by
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5887 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/
the manufacturer.
D5887-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
influxwithinasampleofGCLbytestinganumberofdifferent
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimens.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5887 − 09
5.4 Thistestmethoddoesnotprovideafluxvaluetobeused 6.1.4 System De-Airing—The hydraulic system shall be
directly in design calculations. designed to facilitate rapid and complete removal of free air
bubbles from flow lines.
NOTE1—Fluxforin-serviceconditionsdependsonanumberoffactors,
6.1.5 Back Pressure System—The hydraulic system shall
in
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5887–08 Designation:D5887–09
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Index Flux Through Saturated Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liner Specimens Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner
(GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It mayis not be applicable to GCL products
with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s) or polymer coating backing(s).
1.3 This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing
quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not
considered to be representative of the in-service flux of GCLs.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of water under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
specimen.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n— a factory-manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by
geotextiles, or geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives.
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain a bias, but that may be used to establish an order for a set of specimens
with respect to the property of interest.
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, see Terminology D 653 and Terminology D 4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves permeation of a 100-mm (4-in.) diameter GCL test specimen. The specimen is set up in a
flexible-wall permeameter, subjected to a total stress of 550 kPa (80 psi) and a backpressure of 515 kPa (75 psi) for a period of
48 h. Flow is initiated using deionized water by raising the pressure on the influent side of the test specimen to 530 kPa (77 psi).
The flux is determined when inflow and outflow are approximately equal (within 625 %).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2008.2009. Published July 2008.2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as D 5887 – 048.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5887–09
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated
under a prescribed set of conditions.
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the
manufacturer.
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of differ
...
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