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ASTM D2673-99

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film

Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers oriented polypropylene (OPP) film in the thickness range from 10 to 75 [mu]m (0.4 to 3.0 mils).  
1.2 The film may contain colorants, stabilizers, or other additives, and may be coated for the improvement of performance properties (heat sealability, gas permeability, etc.).  
1.3 The film may be annealed (heat-set) to reduce the unrestrained linear shrinkage and shrink tension on exposure to heat.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note 1-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-1999
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2673-04 - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM D2673-99 - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 2673 – 99
Standard Specification for
Oriented Polypropylene Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2673; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
1.1 This specification covers oriented polypropylene (OPP)
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
film in the thickness range from 10 to 75 μm (0.4 to 3.0 mils).
D 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
1.2 The film may contain colorants, stabilizers, or other
Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
additives, and may be coated for the improvement of perfor-
D 2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and
mance properties (heat sealability, gas permeability, etc.).
Solid Plastics
1.3 The film may be annealed (heat-set) to reduce the
D 2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene
unrestrained linear shrinkage and shrink tension on exposure to
and Polypropylene Films
heat.
D 2732 Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 2838 Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation
only.
Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D 3354 Test Method for Blocking Load of Plastic Film by
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
the Parallel Plate Method
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
D 3985 Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Sensor
tions prior to use.
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. ISO TC 61/SC 6
rials
11 Project 715 is writing a document that is similar to this specification.
D 4101 Specification for Propylene Plastic Injection and
Extrusion Materials
2. Referenced Documents
D 4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
rials
lation
E 462 Test Method for Odor and Taste Transfer from
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
Packaging Film
Insulating Materials for Testing
F 88 Test Methods for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Materials
Sheeting
D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
3. Terminology
of Transparent Plastics
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 1434 Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability
3.1.1 nominal thickness, width, yield—target values to be as
Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser.
D 1746 Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
3.1.2 oriented polypropylene (OPP) film—a film yielding a
minimum tensile strength of 68 MPa (10 000 psi) in at least
one principal direction (machine or transverse).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
3.1.2.1 balanced oriented PP film (OPP-B)—a film in
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and
which the machine- and transverse-direction tensile strength
Sheeting.
Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originally
published as D 2673 – 67 T. Last previous edition D 2673 – 94a.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
5 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2673
both exceed 68 MPa (10 000 psi), but do not differ by more 5.2 For the characterization of commercial PP film, this
than 55 MPa (8000 psi), and the machine and transverse specification provides a cell classification based on six perfor-
elongations do not differ by more than 60 % (absolute). mance parameters, as defined in Table 1. Thus, each film is
3.1.2.2 biaxially oriented PP film (OPP-X)—a film in which characterized by a code designation consisting of a six-digit
the machine- and transverse-direction tensile strengths both number, preceded by the acronym OPP-U, OPP-X, or OPP-B.
exceed 68 MPa (10 000 psi).
NOTE 2—An example of this code designation would be OPP-B101020,
3.1.2.3 uniaxially oriented PP film (OPP-U)—a film ori-
which identifies an untreated balanced film with high gloss and low
ented in one direction (machine or transverse) and yielding a
friction.
minimum tensile strength of 68 MPa (10 000 psi) in the
direction of orientation. (Sometimes called unbalanced.)
6. Sampling
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the films shall be sampled in
4. General Requirements
accordance with the sampling procedure prescibed in Practice
4.1 Polymer Material—The base polymer shall be a Group
D 1898. Adequate statistical sampling shall be considered an
1 or 2 polypropylene (PP), as defined in Specification D 4101,
acceptable alternative. A batch or lot of film shall be considered
or a blend of such Group 1 or 2 PP with one or more other
as a unit of manufacture as prepared for shipment and may
polymers, provided the PP fraction is the main component.
consist of a blend of two or more production runs of film.
4.2 Appearance—The film shall be as free as commercially
feasible of gels, streaks, pinholes, particulate contaminants,
7. Test Methods
and undispersed raw materials. There shall be no other visible
defects such as holes, tears, or blisters. The edges shall be free
7.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
of nicks and cuts visible to the naked eye. There shall be no
2°C (73 6 4°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for at least 40
visible evidence of damage from shipping.
h, wh
...

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4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing results obtained from different instruments, especially for samples with low regular transmittance.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
   where:
  θ  =  angle of contact of the edge of the drop with the solid surface,   γGL  =  surface energy of the gas - liquid interface,   γGS  =  surface energy of the gas - solid interface, and   γSL  =  surface energy of the solid - liquid interface.    
5.1.1 The right side of the above equation (the difference between the surface energies of the gas - solid and solid - liquid interfaces) is defined as the wetting tension of the solid surface. It is not a fundamental property of the surface but depends on interaction between the solid and a particular environment.  
5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
5.2 The ability of polyethylene and polypropylene films to retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc., is primarily dependent upon the character of their surfaces, and can be improved by one of several surface-treating techniques. These same treating techniques have been found to increase the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface in contact with mixtures of formamide and ethyl Cellosolve in the presence of air. It is therefore possible to relate the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface to its ability to accept and retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc. The measured wetting tension of a specific film surface can only be related to acceptable ink, coating, or adhesive retention through experience. Wetting tension in itself is not a completely acceptable measur...
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This test method and the specified reagents were specifically developed for polyethylene and polypropylene films. It is possible to utilize this test method and the specified reagents for films composed of other polymers, but this can affect the surface energies of the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which will affect the contact angle and wetting tension. The applicability and significance for use of non-polyolefin materials must be established by the user.  
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4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the diffuse light transmission factor of translucent reinforced plastics building panels.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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