ASTM D5482-07(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids.
5.2 Vapor pressure is critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock with high operating temperatures or high altitudes. Maximum vapor pressure limits for gasoline are legally mandated in some areas as a measure of air pollution control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of total vapor pressure of petroleum products using automatic vapor pressure instruments. The test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0°C (32°F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 110 kPa (1.0 and 16 psi) at 37.8°C (100°F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. The test method is applicable to gasolines containing oxygenates. No account is made of dissolved water in the sample. Note 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure does not influence the resultant vapor pressure, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) in kPa (psi). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and dissolved air into the air of the confined space.
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 6).
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D5191 (Mini Method) in which the test chamber is at atmospheric pressure prior to sample injection.
1.3 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments that perform measurements on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mL.
1.4 This test method is suitable for the determination of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see 13.2). The calculated DVPE is considered equivalent to the result obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.7.)
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Designation: D5482 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method—
Atmospheric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of total vapor pressure of petroleum products using
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
automatic vapor pressure instruments. The test method is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific
suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0°C
warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.7.)
(32°F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 110 kPa (1.0
and 16 psi) at 37.8°C (100°F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1.
2. Referenced Documents
The test method is applicable to gasolines containing oxygen-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ates. No account is made of dissolved water in the sample.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure does not influence
Petroleum Products
the resultant vapor pressure, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
37.8°C (100°F) in kPa (psi). This vapor pressure differs from the true
Products, and Lubricants
vaporpressureofthesampleduetosomesmallvaporizationofthesample
and dissolved air into the air of the confined space.
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
when cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall
ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see
ucts (Mini Method)
Note 6).
1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method
3. Terminology
D5191 (Mini Method) in which the test chamber is at atmo-
3.1 Definitions:
spheric pressure prior to sample injection.
3.1.1 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), n—value cal-
1.3 This test method covers the use of automated vapor
culated by a defined correlation equation, that is expected to be
pressure instruments that perform measurements on liquid
comparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by Test
sample sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mL.
Method D4953, Procedure A.
1.4 This test method is suitable for the determination of the
3.1.2 gasoline-oxygenate blend, n—spark-ignition engine
dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and
fuel consisting primarily of gasoline with one or more oxygen-
gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation
ates.
(see 13.2). The calculated DVPE is considered equivalent to
3.1.3 oxygenate, n—oxygen-containing ashless organic
the result obtained on the same material when tested by Test
compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as
Method D4953.
a fuel or fuel supplement. D4175
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.4 platinum resistance thermometer, n— temperature
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
measuring device with platinum wire, whose electrical resis-
only.
tance changes in relation to temperature.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D02.08 on Volatility. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5482 – 07. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5482-07R13. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5482 − 07 (2013)
3.1.5 total vapor pressure, n—observed pressure measured 6.1.3 A thermostatically controlled heater shall be used to
in the experiment, that is the sum of the partial pressure of the maintain the test chamber at 37.8 6 0.1°C (100 6 0.2°F) for
sample and the partial pressure of the dissolved air. the duration of the test.
6.1.4 A platinum resistance thermometer shall be used for
3.1.6 vapor pressure, n—pressure exerted by the vapor of a
measuring the temperature of the test chamber. The minimum
liquid when in equilibrium with the liquid. D4175
temperature range of the measuring device shall be from
3.2 Abbreviations:
ambientto75°C(167°F)witharesolutionof0.1°C(0.2°F)and
3.2.1 DVPE, n—dry vapor pressure equivalent.
accuracy of 0.1°C (0.2°F).
3.2.2 MTBE, n—methyl t-butyl ether.
6.1.5 Thevaporpressureapparatusshallhaveprovisionsfor
introduction of the test specimen into the test chamber and for
4. Summary of Test Method
the cleaning or purging of the chamber following the test.
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is
6.2 Syringe, if required, gas tight, 1 to 20 mL capacity with
introduced into a thermostatically controlled test chamber, the
a 61 %, or better, accuracy and a 61 %, or better, precision.
internal volume of which is five times that of the total test
The capacity of the syringe shall not exceed two times the
specimen introduced into the chamber. The test chamber is at
volume of the test specimen being dispensed, and shall be
atmospheric pressure prior to introduction of the sample.After
chosen so as to provide maximum accuracy and resolution for
introduction of the sample into the test chamber, the test
the volume to be injected.
specimen is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium at the test
6.3 Iced-Water Bath or Air Bath , for chilling the samples
temperature, 37.8°C (100°F). The resulting rise in pressure in
and syringe to temperatures between 0 and 1°C (32 and 34°F).
the chamber is measured using a pressure transducer sensor
6.4 Pressure Measuring Device, capable of measuring am-
and indicator.
bient and above ambient pressures with an accuracy of 0.20
4.2 The measured total vapor pressure is converted to a
kPa (0.03 psi) or better at the same elevation relative to sea
DVPE by use of a correlation equation (see 13.2).
level as the apparatus in the laboratory.
6.4.1 When a mercury manometer is not used as the
5. Significance and Use
pressure measuring device, the calibration of the pressure
5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of
measuring device employed shall be periodically checked
volatile liquids.
(withtraceabilitytoanationallyrecognizedstandard)toensure
that the device remains within the required accuracy specified
5.2 Vapor pressure is critically important for both automo-
tive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and in 6.4.
tendency to vapor lock with high operating temperatures or
6.5 Pressure Source, clean, dry compressed gas or other
high altitudes. Maximum vapor pressure limits for gasoline are
suitable compressed air capable of providing pressure for
legally mandated in some areas as a measure of air pollution
calibration of the transducer and cleaning of the cell.
control.
NOTE2—Avacuumsourceisanalternatemeansforcleaningofthecell.
6. Apparatus
7. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Vapor Pressure Apparatus—The type of apparatus
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use chemicals of at least 99 %
suitableforuseinthistestmethodemploysasmallvolumetest
purity for quality control checks (see Section 11). Unless
chamber incorporating a transducer for pressure measurements
otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents conform to
and associated equipment for thermostatically controlling the
the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of
chamber temperature.
the American Chemical Society where such specifications are
6.1.1 Thetestchambershallbedesignedtocontainbetween
available. Lower purities can be used, provided it is first
2 and 50 mLof liquid and vapor and be capable of maintaining
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficient purity to permit its
a vapor-liquid ratio between 3.95 and 1.00 and 4.05 and 1.00.
use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.1.2 The pressure transducer shall have a minimum opera-
7.2 Cyclohexane, (Warning—Cyclohexane is flammable
tional range from 0 to 172 kPa (0 to 25.0 psi) with a minimum
resolution of 0.1 kPa (0.01 psi) and a minimum accuracy of and a health hazard).
60.3 kPa (60.05 psi). The pressure measurement system shall
7.3 Cyclopentane, (Warning—Cyclopentane is flammable
include associated electronics and readout devices to display
and a health hazard).
the resulting pressure reading.
7.4 2,2-Dimethylbutane, (Warning—2,2-dimethylbutane is
flammable and a health hazard).
The following instruments have been found satisfactory for use in this test
procedure as determined by interlaboratory testing: Herzog Mini Reid Vapor
Pressure Model MP970—available fromVarlen Instruments, Inc., 2777Washington Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Blvd., Bellwood, IL 60104 and ABB Model 4100—available from ABB Process Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Analytics, Lewisburg, WV. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide listed by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory
this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
you may attend. MD.
D5482 − 07 (2013)
after being immersed and withdrawn from the sample. To confirm the
7.5 2,3-Dimethylbutane, (Warning—2,3-dimethylbutane is
sample volume, insert the dipstick into the sample container so that it
flammable and a health hazard).
touches the bottom of the container at a perpendicular angle, before
7.6 2-Methylpentane, (Warning—2-methylpentane is flam-
removing the dipstick. For transparent containers, using a marked ruler or
comparing the sample container to a like container that has the 70 and
mable and a health hazard).
80 % levels clearly marked, has been found suitable.
7.7 Toluene, (Warning—Toluene is flammable and a health
8.3.3 Reseal the container, if necessary, and return the
hazard).
sample container to the cooling bath or refrigerator.
8. Sampling 8.4 Air Saturation of the Sample in the Sample Container:
8.4.1 Non-transparent Containers —With the sample again
8.1 General Requirements:
at a temperature between 0 and 1°C, take the container from
8.1.1 The extreme sensitivity of vapor pressure measure-
the cooling bath or refrigerator, wipe it dry with an absorbent
ments to losses through evaporation and the resulting changes
material, remove the cap momentarily, taking care that no
in composition is such as to require the utmost precaution and
water enters, reseal, and shake it vigorously. Return it to the
the most meticulous care in the handling of samples.
cooling bath or refrigerator for a minimum of 2 min.
8.1.2 Obtain a sample and test specimen in accordance with
8.4.2 Transparent Containers—Since 8.3 does not require
10.3 of Practice D4057, except do not use 10.3.1.8 of Practice
that the sample container be opened to verify the sample
D4057, Sampling by Water Displacement, for fuels containing
capacity, it is necessary to unseal the cap momentarily before
oxygenates. Use a 1-L (1-qt) sized container filled between 70
resealingitsothatsamplesintransparentcontainersaretreated
to 80 % with sample.
the same as samples in non-transparent containers. After
8.1.3 Perform the vapor pressure determination on the first
performing this task, proceed with 8.4.1.
test specimen withdrawn from a sample container. Do not use
8.4.3 Repeat8.4.1twicemore.Returnthesampletothebath
the remaining sample in the container for a second vapor
or refrigerator until the beginning of the procedure.
pressure determination. If a second determination is necessary,
obtain a new sample.
8.5 Verification of Single Phase Samples—After drawing a
8.1.4 Protect samples from excessive temperatures prior to
test specimen and injecting it into the instrument for analysis,
testing. This can be accomplished by storage in an appropriate
check the remaining sample for phase separation. If the sample
ice bath or refrigerator.
is contained in a transparent container, this observation can be
8.1.5 Donottestsamplesstoredinleakycontainers.Discard
made prior to sample transfer.When the sample is contained in
and obtain a new sample if leaks are detected.
a non-transparent container, mix the sample thoroughly and
8.1.6 Do not store samples in plastic (polyethylene,
immediately pour a portion of the remaining sample into a
polypropylene, and so forth) containers since volatile materials
clear glass container and observe for evidence of phase
may diffuse through the walls of the container.
separation. A hazy appearance is to be carefully distinguished
from separation into two distinct phases. The hazy appearance
8.2 Sampling Temperature—Cool the sample container and
shall not be considered grounds for rejection of the fuel. If a
contents in an ice bath or refrigerator to the 0 to 1°C (32 to
secondphaseisobserved,discardthetestandthesample.Hazy
34°F) range prior to opening the sample container. Allow
samples may be analyzed (see Report section).
sufficient time to reach this temperature. Verify the sample
temperature by direct measurement of the temperature of a
9. Preparation of Apparatus
similar liquid in a similar container placed in the cooling bath
or refrigerator at the same time as the sample.
9.1 Prepare the instrument for operation in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions.
8.3 Verification of Sample Container Filling—With the
sampleatatemperatureof0to1°C,takethecontainerfromthe
9.2 Prepare the sample introduction accessories, if required,
cooling bath or refrigerator and wipe dry with an absorbent
in accordance with the manufacturer’s ins
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