ASTM D2565-99(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications
Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
Caution—Variations in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.
Note 3—Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.
Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control. , Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G 155. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and condition and age of the burner and filters.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.
Note 1—Previous versions of this practice referenced xenon-arc devices described in Practice G 26, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 26 is being replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources and by Practice G 155, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in xenon-arc devices. Practice G 26 will be balloted for withdrawal before December 2000.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—This practice is technically equivalent to ISO 4892-2.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2565 − 99(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-
of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With-
tions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics
drawn 2000)
conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
results.
of Nonmetallic Materials
NOTE 1—Previous versions of this practice referenced xenon-arc
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
devices described in Practice G26, which described very specific equip-
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
ment designs. Practice G26 is being replaced by Practice G151, which
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
light sources and by Practice G155, which gives requirements for
exposing nonmetallic materials in xenon-arc devices. Practice G26 will be
G155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
balloted for withdrawal before December 2000.
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 ISO Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO 4892-2 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Light Sources — Part 2, Xenon Arc Lamp
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—This practice is technically equivalent to ISO 4892-2. 3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable to
this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
2 4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water 4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998) exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of many applications.This practice is intended to induce property
Plastics changes associated with end-use conditions, including the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in
Determine the Precision of a Test Method thispracticeisnotintendedtosimulatethedeteriorationcaused
by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric
pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
4.2 Caution—Variations in results may be expected when
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
thispractice.Therefore,allreferencestotheuseofthispractice
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2565 - 99. DOI:
10.1520/D2565-99R08.
must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2565 − 99 (2008)
Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since the
applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperature
practice. and humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.
NOTE 3—Additional information on sources of variability and on 6.5 Since the thickness of a specimen may markedly affect
strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data
the results, thickness of test and control specimens shall be
analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
within 610 % of the nominal dimensions.
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has
NOTE 4—This is especially important when mechanical properties are
been shown to be good when the stability of materials is
being investigated.
evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other
5,6
6.6 Incident energy at the extremes of the specimen expo-
materials or to a control. Therefore, exposure of a similar
sure area in older equipment may be only 70 % of that at the
material of known performance (a control) at the same time as
center.Iftheirradianceatanypositionwithintheexposurearea
the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended
is less than 90 % of the peak irradiance, follow one of the
that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to
procedures outlined in Practice G155 to ensure either equal
allow for statistical evaluation of results.
radiant exposure or compensation for differences in radiant
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to
exposure.
operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155.
6.7 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of all
Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom
materials evaluated.
from salts or other deposits from water, temperature and
6.7.1 When destructive tests are run, ensure that sufficient
humidity control, and condition and age of the burner and
filters. file specimens are retained so that the property of interest can
be determined on unexposed file specimens each time exposed
5. Apparatus
materials are evaluated.
5.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conform to the require-
6.8 Specimens should not be removed from the exposure
ments defined in Practices G151 and G155.
apparatus for more than 24 h and then returned for additional
5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-
tests, since this does not produce the same results on all
tion (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the require- materials as tests run without this type of interruption. When
ments of Table 1 in Practice G155 for a xenon lamp with
specimensareremovedfromtheexposureapparatusfor24hor
daylight filters. more and then returned for additional exposure, report the
elapsed time in accordance with Section 9.
6. Test Specimen
NOTE 5—Since the stability of the file specimen may also be time-
6.1 The size and shape of specimens to be exposed will be
dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, or
determined by the specifications of the particular test method
where small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,
used to evaluate the effects of the exposure on the specimens;
comparisonofexposedspecimenswiththefilespecimenmaynotbevalid.
Instrumental measurements are recommended whenever possible.
the test method shall be determined by the parties concerned.
Where practical, it is recommended that specimens be sized to
7. Procedure
fit specimen holders and racks supplied with the exposure
apparatus. Unless supplied with a specific backing as an
7.1 Practice G155 lists several exposure cycles that are used
integral part of the test, specimens shall be mounted so that
for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Table 1 lists
only the minimum specimen area required for support by the
several of these cycles. Obtain mutual agreement between all
holder shall be covered. This unexposed surface must not be
concerned parties for the specific exposure cycle used.
used as part of the test area.
7.2 If no other cycle is specified, use Cycle No. 1.
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-
7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, control the irradiance to
catespecimensofeachtestmaterialandofthecontrolmaterial,
2 2
produce 0.35 6 0.02 W/m at 340 nm or 41.5 6 2.5 W/m
if used.
between 300 and 400 nm. If the exposure device is not
6.3 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 for
equipped with irradiance control, follow the device manufac-
identification and conditioning and handling of test specimens,
turer’s recommendations to produce this irradiance, or other
control, and reference materials prior to, during, and after
specified irradiance level.
exposure.
7.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, in devices which allow for
controlofrelativehumidity,maintainrelativehumidityat50 6
6.4 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose of
5 % equilibrium during the light-only interval.
showing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.
7.2.3 Unless otherwise specified, the equilibrium tempera-
5 ture of an uninsulated black panel thermometer shall be 63 6
Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-Exposure
Standard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic
2°C.
Materials, ASTM STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, eds.,
7.3 It is recommended that all unused spaces in the speci-
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993.
Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materials
men exposure area be filled with blank metal panels.
in Accelerated Durability Tests,” VAMAS Technical Report No. 30, available from
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD. 7.4 Water Purity:
D2565 − 99 (2008)
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Exposure
occasions,exposedspecimenscanbecontaminatedbydeposits
A
Testing of Plastics
from bacteria that can grow in the purified water used for
Un-
specimen spray. If bacterial contamination is detected, the
insulated
entire system used for specimen water spray must be flushed
Cycle Black Typical Typical
B
Cycle Description
D
Number Panel Irradiance Uses
with chlorine and thoroughly rinsed prior to resuming expo-
Temperature,
C sures.
°C
1 102 min light only followed 63±2 0.35±0.02 historical
7.4.4 The temperature of water used for specimen spray
2 F
by 18 min of light with water W/m at 340 nm convention
should be 16 6 5°C (60.8 6 9°F).
E
spray (102/18 cycle)
41.5 ± 2.5 W/m
7.4.5 Whentheprecedingwaterpurityrequirementsaremet
from 300 to 400
and there is disagreement between parties on the extent of
nm
problems caused by stain or deposit, run referee tests in at least
2 18-h, consisting of 63±2 0.35±0.02 general
one other laboratory that can meet the water quality require-
alternating intervals of 102 W/m at 340 nm plastics
ments described in 7.4.
min light only followed by 18
min of light with water spray 41.5 ± 2.5 W/m
7.5 Some tests for lightfastness are run without any speci-
from 300 to 400
nm
menwetting.Whenthistypeoftestisrequired,omittheperiod
6 h dark, at 95 ± 4 % RH 38±2
where water is sprayed on specimens.
with no water spray
[repeat]
7.6 It is recommended that a control material be exposed at
3 1.5hlight at 70±5%RH 77±3 0.35±0.02 fabrics the same time as the test specimens for comparison purposes,
0.5 h light and water spray W/m at 340 nm
if performance comparisons are not being made between the
[repeat]
2 test materials themselves.All concerned parties must agree on
41.5 ± 2.5 W/m
from 300 to 400 the control material used.
nm
7.6.1 Identification of any control specimen used shall
4 40min light at 50±5%RH 70±2 0.55±0.02 automotive accompany the report.
2 G
20 min light and water spray W/m at 340 nm exterior
60 min light at 50 ± 5 % RH 70 ± 2
8. Periods of Exposure and Evaluation of Test Results
60 mindarkat95±5%RH 38±2 65.5±2.5 W/m
(water spray on back of from 300 to 400
8.1 In most cases, periodic evaluation of test and control
specimens) nm
[repeat]
materials is necessary to determine the variation in magnitude
anddirectionofpropertychangeasafunctionofexposuretime
5 3.8hlight at 50±5%RH 89±3 0.55 ± 0.02 automotive
2 G
or radiant exposure.
1.0hdarkat95±5%RH 38±2 W/m at 340 nm interior
[repeat]
65.5 ± 2.5 W/m 8.2 The time or radiant exposure necessary to produce a
from 300 to 400
defined change in a material property can be used to evaluate
nm
or rank the stability of materials.This method is preferred over
A
The cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are
evaluating materials after an arbitrary exposure time or radiant
not necessarily recommended for the applications shown.
B
exposure.
As stated in 5.2, the SPD of the xenon lamp shall conform to the requirements of
Practice G155 for a xenon lamp with daylight filters.
8.2.1 Exposure to an arbitrary time or radiant exposure may
C
Unless otherwise indicated, black panel temperature applies during the light-only
be used for the purpose of a specific test if agreed upon
portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a
spray period. For light intervals less than 30 min, the maximum black panel
between the parties concerned or if required for conformance
temperature may not reach equilibrium.
to a particular specification. When a single exposure period is
D
Typical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials
according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions used, select a time or radiant exposure that will produce the
E
Unless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed
largest performance differences between the test materials or
surface of the test specimens
F between the test material and the control material.
This cycle has been used for plastics by historical convention and may not
adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.
8.
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