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ASTM D6202-00a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine

Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty 3856 kg (8500 lb), or less, gross vehicle weight trucks. The tests are conducted using a specified 4.6-L spark-ignition engine on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multiviscosity grade oils used in these applications. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units shall be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are stated first with the other units shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:SubjectSectionIntroductionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus6General6.1Test Engine Configuration6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions6.3Engine Speed and Load Control6.4Engine Cooling System6.5External Oil System6.6Fuel System6.7Engine Intake Air Supply6.8Temperature Measurement6.9AFR Determination6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems6.11Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations6.12Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus6.13Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation6.14Reagents and Materials7Engine Oil7.1Test Fuel7.2Engine Coolant7.3Cleaning Materials7.4Sealing Compounds7.5Preparation of Apparatus8Test Stand Preparation8.2Engine Preparation9Cleaning of Engine Parts9.2Engine Assembly Procedure9.3General Assembly Instructions9.3.1Bolt Torque Specifications9.3.2Sealing Compounds9.3.3New Parts Required for Each New Engine9.3.4Harmonic Balancer9.3.5Oil Pan9.3.6Intake Manifold9.3.7Camshaft Covers9.3.8Thermostat9.3.9Thermostat Housing9.3.10Coolant Inlet9.3.11Oil Filter Adapter9.3.12Dipstick Tube9.3.13Water Pump9.3.14Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners9.3.15Ignition System9.3.16Fuel Injection System9.3.17Intake Air System9.3.18Engine Management System (Spark and Fuel Control)9.3.19Accessory Drive Units9.3.20Exhaust Manifolds9.3.21Engine Flywheel and Guards9.3.22Lifting of Assembled Engines9.3.23Engine Mounts9.3.24Calibration10BC Pre-Test Verification10.1Engine/Test Stand Calibration10.2Procedure10.2.1Reporting of Reference Results10.2.2Analysis of Reference Oils10.2.3Flush Effectiveness Demonstration10.2.4Instrument Calibration10.3Engine Load Measurement System10.3.1Fuel Flow Measurement System10.3.2Coolant Flow Measurement System10.3.3Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System10.3.4Humidity Measurement System10.3.5Other Instrumentation10.3.6Test Procedure11Preparation for Initial Start-Up of New Engine11.1Initial Engine Start-Up11.2Coolant Flush11.3New Engine Break-In11.4Routine Test Operation11.5Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures11.5.8Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures11.5.9Test Operating Stages11.5.10Stabilization to Stage Conditions11.5.11Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle11.5.12Data Logging11.5.13BC Oil Flush Procedure for BC Oil Before Test Oil11.5.14BSFC Measurement of BC Oil Before Test Oil11.5.15Test Oil Flush Procedure11.5.16Test Oil Aging11.5.17BSFC Measurement of Aged Test Oil11.5.18BC Oil Flush Procedure for BC Oil After Test Oil11.5.19BSFC Measurement for BC Oil After Test Oil11.5.20General Test Data Logging Forms11.5.21Diagnostic Review Procedures11.5.22Determination of Test Results12Final Test Report13Validity Statement13.1Report Format13.2Precision, Validity, and Bias14Precision14.1Validity14.2Test Stand ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6618-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D6202-00a - Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition EngineASTM D6202-00a - Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine
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ASTM D6202-00a - Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6202 – 00a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger
Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark
1
Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance.
2
However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and assessment of the
test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By this means, the laboratory will
know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other
laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement, in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method. Users of this test method
shall contact the Administrator of TMC to obtain the most recent of these.
1. Scope without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty 3856 kg (8500
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
lb), or less, gross vehicle weight trucks. The tests are conducted
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
using a specified 4.6-L spark-ignition engine on a dynamom-
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
eter test stand. It applies to multiviscosity grade oils used in
Subject Section
these applications. Companion test methods used to evaluate
Introduction
engine oil performance for specification requirements are
Scope 1
discussed in the latest revision of Specification D 4485. Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units shall be
Summary of Test Method 4
regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units
Significance and Use 5
are stated first with the other units shown in parentheses. The
Apparatus 6
General 6.1
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Test Engine Configuration 6.2
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other,
Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3
Engine Speed and Load Control 6.4
Engine Cooling System 6.5
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD02 on
External Oil System 6.6
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Fuel System 6.7
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8
originally developed in 1956 by an ASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the Temperature Measurement 6.9
procedures were published in an ASTM special technical publication. The Sequence AFR Determination 6.10
VIA was published as RR:D02-1364, dated August 24, 1995. Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11
Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations 6.12
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally
Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13
published as D 6202–97. Last previous edition D 6202–00.
2
Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.
Reagents and Materials 7
For other information, refer to RR: D02-1364 Sequence VIA Test Development.
Engine Oil 7.1
This research report and this test method are supplemented by Information Letters
Test Fuel 7.2
and Memoranda issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center. This edition
Engine Coolant 7.3
incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 00–1.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6202
Subject Section Subject Section
Cleaning Materials 7.4 ANNEXES
Sealin
...

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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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