ASTM D1184-98(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated Assemblies
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated Assemblies
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed for both wood and metal bonded specimens.
The test method provides a means to compare flexural properties between assemblies.
The data are reduced to a comparable basis by means of the formulas given in 11.1 and 11.2. It is recognized that these formulas do not apply rigidly to tests made in the manner described in this method, but serve only to reduce the data to a comparable basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative properties of either metal or wood adhesive bonded assemblies when subjected to flexural stresses with standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, relative humidity, and testing technique. The test specimen and testing technique were designed to develop a large portion of shear forces between the laminae of the test piece when the load is applied, rather than to reduce shear stress to a minimum as is done in other ASTM test methods for flexural properties. This method is not applicable to assemblies made with nonrigid adherends. The data obtained are not suitable for design work.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D1184–98(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated
Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order to
ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturer
of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the following
variables:
(1) Procedure for preparation of surfaces prior to application of the adhesive, including the moisture
content of wood, the cleaning and drying of metal surfaces, and special surface treatments such as
sanding that are not specifically limited by the pertinent test method.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread of thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the glue line or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
Arange may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope temperature, relative humidity, and testing technique. The test
specimen and testing technique were designed to develop a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
large portion of shear forces between the laminae of the test
parative properties of either metal or wood adhesive bonded
piece when the load is applied, rather than to reduce shear
assemblies when subjected to flexural stresses with standard
stress to a minimum as is done in otherASTM test methods for
shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment,
flexural properties.This method is not applicable to assemblies
made with nonrigid adherends. The data obtained are not
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
suitable for design work.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Bonding Adhesives.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D1184 – 98. DOI:
purposes.
10.1520/D1184-98R04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1184–98 (2004)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the to 38 mm (0.5 to 1.5 in.)). The support device is mounted on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the one loading part of the testing machine so that the rounded
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- nose of the loading piece on the other loading part is centered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- between the supports.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 6.4 Micrometers—Suitable calibrated micrometers, reading
to at least 0.025 6 0.001 mm (0.001 6 0.0005 in.) is used for
2. Referenced Documents
measuring the width and thickness of the test specimen.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.5 Conditioning Room or Desiccators—A conditioning
D907 Terminology of Adhesives room capable of maintaining a relative humidity of 50 62%
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
at 23 6 1.1°C (73.4 6 2°F), or desiccators filled with a
saturatedsaltsolution(Note1)togivearelativehumidityof50
3. Terminology
6 2 % at 23 6 1.1°C (73.4 6 2°F).
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
NOTE 1—A saturated solution of calcium nitrate will give approxi-
in Terminology D907.
mately 51 % relative humidity at 23°C in a closed container.
4. Summary of Test Method
7. Test Specimens
4.1 Test a specimen composed of eight bonded plies as a
7.1 The specimen is a rectangular piece 38 mm (1.5 in.)
simple beam loaded at the mid-span. Test at conditions of
long and 19.1 mm (0.75 in.) wide. The length of the specimen
standard temperature and humidity. Specimen flexural proper-
is sufficient to allow an overhang of between 2.5 and 3.8 mm
tiesarecomparedbygeneratingmaximumshearstressinmetal
(0.1 and 0.15 in.) on each end. The specimens are machined
specimens and flexural strength of wood specimens using
from laminated panels consisting of eight plies of 0.3-mm
standard formulas.
(0.01-in.) thick adherend material. Each ply is coated with
adhesive on both sides with an even spread, and bonded. The
5. Significance and Use
mixing procedure, weight of spread, drying conditions, and
5.1 This test method is designed for both wood and metal
assembly time conforms to the manufacturer’s directions. The
bonded specimens.
maximum shear stress is developed at the neutral surface
5.2 The test method provides a means to compare flexural
approximately midway between the top and bottom of the
properties between assemblies.
beam. Thus it is important to have an even number of plies of
5.3 The data are reduced to a comparable basis by means of
adherend material, so that the adhesive is in the center. Since
the formulas given in 11.1 and 11.2. It is recognized that these
failure by delamination probably begins in the center layer of
formulas do not apply rigidly to tests made in the manner
adhesive, special care should be exercised in the preparation of
described in this method, but serve only to reduce the data to
this part of the specimen.
a comparable basis.
7.2 Wood Specimens—The wood panel specimens are pre-
pared from 0.2 mm (0.01-in.)-thick quarter-cut veneers. Only
6. Apparatus
straight-grain veneers shall be selected. Veneers are condi-
6.1 Testing Machine—Use a properly calibrated testing
tioned at 50 6 2 % relative humidity and
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