ASTM E659-78(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.
Note 1--Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature.
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use .
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Designation:E659–78(Reapproved2000)
Standard Test Method for
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Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is one of several methods developed by ASTM Committee E-27 for determining
the hazards of chemicals. It is designed to be used in conjunction with other tests to characterize the
hazard potential of the chemical under test.
1. Scope 3.2 autoignition, n—the ignition of a material commonly in
air as the result of heat liberation due to an exothermic
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and
oxidation reaction in the absence of an external ignition source
cool-flameautoignitiontemperaturesofaliquidchemicalinair
such as a spark or flame.
at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.
3.3 autoignition temperature, n—the minimum temperature
NOTE 1—Withincertainlimitations,thistestmethodcanalsobeusedto
at which autoignition occurs under the specified conditions of
determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily
test.
melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature.
3.3.1 Autoignition temperature is also referred to as spon-
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe
taneous ignition temperature, self-ignition temperature, autog-
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
enous ignition temperature, and by the acronymsAIT and SIT.
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
Asdeterminedbythismethod,AITisthelowesttemperatureat
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
which the substance will produce hot-flame ignition in air at
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
atmospheric pressure without the aid of an external energy
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
source such as spark or flame. It is the lowest temperature to
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
which a combustible mixture must be raised, so that the rate of
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
heat evolved by the exothermic oxidation reaction will over-
hazard of a particular end use.
balance the rate at which heat is lost to the surroundings and
cause ignition.
2. Referenced Documents
3.4 cool-flame, n—a faint, pale blue luminescence or flame
2.1 ASTM Standards:
occurring below the autoignition temperature (AIT).
D 2883 Test Method for Reaction Threshold Temperature
2
NOTE 2—Cool-flames occur in rich vapor-air mixtures of most hydro-
of Liquid and Solid Materials
carbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons. They are the first part of the
multistage ignition process.
3. Terminology
3.5 ignition delay time, n—the time lapse between applica-
3.1 Definitions:
tion of heat to a material and its ignition. It is the time in
3.1.1 ignition, n— the initiation of combustion.
seconds between insertion of the sample into the flask and
3.1.2 Ignition, which is subjective, is defined for this
ignition. It is maximum at the minimum autoignition tempera-
method as the appearance of a flame accompanied by a sharp
ture and also referred to as ignition lag.
rise in the temperature of the gas mixture.The determination is
made in total darkness because some flames, such as cool-
4. Summary of Test Method
flames, are observed with difficulty.
4.1 A small, metered sample of the product to be tested is
inserted into a uniformly heated 500-ml glass flask containing
air at a predetermined temperature. The contents of the flask
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E27 on Hazard
are observed in a dark room for 10 min following insertion of
Potential of Chemicals,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.04 on
the sample, or until autoignition occurs. Autoignition is evi-
Flammability and Ignitability of Liquid Chemicals.
denced by the sudden appearance of a flame inside the flask
Current edition approved Aug. 25, 1978. Published November 1978.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. and by a sharp rise in the temperature of the gas mixture. The
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E659
lowest internal flask temperature (T) at which hot-flame 6. Apparatus
ignition occurs for a series of prescribed sample volumes is
6.1 Furnace—An electrically heated crucible furnace or
taken to be the hot-flame autoignition temperature (AIT) of the
fluidized sand bath of appro
...
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