ASTM E889-82(1996)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of the composition of a materials stream in a solid waste resource recovery processing facility. The composition is determined with respect to one or more defined components. The results are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Proposed Method for the Determination of the Recovery of a Product in a Materials Separation Device , is used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation device.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 889 – 82 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 1107 Method for Measuring the Throughput of Resource-
Recovery Unit Operations
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
E 1108 Test Method for Determination of the Recovery of a
position of a materials stream in a solid waste resource
Product in a Materials Separation Device
recovery processing facility. The composition is determined
with respect to one or more defined components. The results
3. Terminology Definitions
are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation
3.1 binary separator—a device that separates a single input
of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Test Method
feed stream into two output or product streams.
E 1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation
3.2 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and com-
device.
posed of a number of increments on which neither reduction
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
nor division has been performed.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.3 laboratory sample or analysis sample—a portion of one
only.
gross sample representative of a lot and taken at random from
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the gross sample.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4 polynary separator—a device that separates a single
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
input feed stream into three or more output product streams.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.5 purity—The purity of a stream is defined in terms of one
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
or more identifiable components, x, y, z, etc. The purity for any
ments, see Section 7.
component such as x is the mass of x in a stream divided by the
2. Referenced Documents total mass of that stream. In some cases, the mass of x must be
defined in practical terms that relate to the origin of the feed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
For example, the purity of a ferrous product magnetically
C 566 Test Method for Total Moisture Content of Aggregate
recovered from refuse can be expressed as the purity of ferrous
by Drying
by proximate analysis. Alternatively, it can be expressed as the
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregates
purity by manual sorting, with all nonferrous materials that
to Testing Size
3 cannot readily be removed by hand as the contaminants. In any
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
case, purity must be defined for each application.
D 644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
Paperboard by Oven Drying
4. Summary of Test Method
D 2013 Method of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
4.1 A gross sample of a preselected process stream is taken,
D 2234 Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of
5 and subdivided into four laboratory samples. Two of the
Coal
laboratory samples are analyzed for composition of the com-
E 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
6 ponent(s) or item(s) of interest by hand-picking and weighing.
(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
The third sample is used if the results of the first two do not
agree within specified limits. The composition is computed as
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste the weight ratio of the component(s) of interest to the weight of
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.087 on Munici-
the sample.
pal Solid Waste.
4.2 The composition is expressed as the purity of the stream
Current edition approved July 30, 1982. Published May 1983.
with respect to the component(s) indicated.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
6 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 889
5. Significance and Use 9.1.2 Gross samples shall be weighed, without subdivision.
9.1.3 A gross sample may be sized in accordance with the
5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid
section on Test Specimen and Samples of Method E 1107 in
waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a
circumstances where Practice D 75 cannot be practiced.
particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
9.2 Gross samples shall be subdivided in accordance with
5.2 The purity determined in this way is used to calculate
Practice C 702 to form four laboratory samples. Each is
the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its
weighed and labeled. This is recorded as “as-received weight.”
performance, according to Test Method E 1108.
9.3 Samples from wet processing steps, for example, wet
6. Apparatus screening, spiral classification, jigging, etc., are to be weighed
after draining the water, in accordance with 11.3. The weight of
6.1 Scales—Several size scales must be available to weigh
such samples is recorded as the “drained weight.”
gross samples and laboratory samples that will range in size
from less than 1 kg (2.2 lb) to more than 100 kg (220 lb). All
10. Conditioning
scales should have a precision and accuracy of 60.1 %.
10.1 Weigh the samples immediately after being taken with
6.2 Sorting Apparatus—This may be any convenient work
due precaution so that they neither gain nor lose weight from
surface, such as a table and bins as decribed by Kaiser et al.
natural drying or from being left uncovered in wet or dusty
6.3 Polyethylene Bags, used to store laboratory and some-
areas. This is known as“ as-received weight.”
times gross samples as the means of preserving their moisture
10.2 Condition wet samples by draining in accordance with
content. These bags should be 0.10 to 0.15 mm (0.004 to 0.006
11.8. This is known as “drained weight.”
in.) thick and supplied with metal ties.
10.3 The weight of dry samples, either of gross or labora-
6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven, and general associated equip-
tory samples, must exclude the contained moisture. Dry
ment are required.
samples in accordance with 11.10. This is known as “dry
weight.”
7. Hazards
7.1 This procedure calls for the hand-picking of solid waste
11. Procedure
and its processed fractions. Because the origin of all of the
11.1 Take a gross sample in accordance with the section on
materials is generally unknown, workers must use proper
Procedures, in Method E 1107.
safety precautions when handling samples. Workers shall wear
11.1.1 Contain the gross sample in a moisture barrier
gloves and safety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shall
container in accordance with 11.8.1 if the moisture content is to
be worn. Workers must be cautioned to wash their hands
be preserved.
thoroughly before eating or smoking.
11.1.2 Record the weight of the gross sample.
7.2 Particular caution shall be exercised when collecting
11.2 Subdivide the gross sample into four near equal parts in
samples near moving equipment.
accordance with Practice C 702 to form four laboratory
samples.
8. Sampling
11.2.1 Place the laboratory samples in moisture barrier
8.1 Samples are taken from processor streams, or separator
containers, in accordance with 11.10 if the moisture content is
output or input streams, according to the procedures outlined in
to be preserved.
Method E 1107.
11.2.2 Record the weight of each laboratory sample.
8.2 The purity is determined with respect to a particular
11.3 Choose two of the laboratory
...
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