ASTM D5322-98
(Practice)Standard Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
Standard Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5322 – 98
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the
Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chemical resistance—the ability to resist chemical
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures
attack.
for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The attack is dependent on the test
wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived
method, and its severity is measured by determining the
from solid wastes.
changes in physical properties. Time, temperature, stress, and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
reagent may all be factors affecting the chemical resistance of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
a material.
only.
3.2.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
technical engineering-related material as an integral part of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
man-made project, structure, or system.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards
4. Significance and Use
statements, see Section 7.
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure
2. Referenced Documents for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a
liquid waste, leachate, or chemical. The conditions specified in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standard-
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
ization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic materi-
uids
al(s).
D 543 Test Method for Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
4 4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the
Reagents
behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined
D 5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of
tance of Geomembranes to Liquids
testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
2.2 Other Document:
4.3 Without regulatory approval, this practice does not
SW 846, Method 9090 Compatibility Test for Wastes and
6 supersede testing requirements, such as SW 846, Method 9090,
Membrane Liners
stipulated by regulatory agencies.
3. Terminology
5. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of many terms used in this
5.1 Exposure Tank, for containment of the solution and test
practice, refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 4439.
material. The tank must be chemically resistant and imperme-
able to the solution being used. Stainless steel or glass is
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on Geosyn- recommended. Glass should not be used with strongly basic
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
solutions.
Properties.
5.1.1 The size of the exposure tank is not specified since the
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published August 1998. Originally
volume of liquid to be used with any given amount of
published as D 5322 – 92. Last previous edition D 5322 – 92.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
immersed geosynthetic has not been standardized by ASTM or
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
specified by the Environmental Protection Agency at the time
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
of the writing of this practice. Sufficient liquid must be used to
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
Available from US EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Test ensure the presence of any potentially detrimental chemicals
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5322 – 98
throughout the immersion. If sufficiently large exposure tanks 8. Sampling
are not possible, or if it is suspected that trace amounts of
8.1 Samples of the geosynthetic(s) to be immersed should
chemicals may be depleted from the liquid during the expo-
be taken in a manner appropriate for the particular material. It
sure, smaller tanks may be used if the immersion liquid is
is essential that all of the material immersed, as well as the
replaced with fresh solution after each test period.
unexposed material to be tested, have physical properties that
5.2 Exposure Tank Lid, for sealing the tank. In order to
are as similar as possible. Refer to the section on sampling in
prevent the loss of volatile components of interest, the tank
the applicable standard for the chemical resistance of the
must be capable of being sealed with a chemically resistant
specific geosynthetic to be tested.
material.
5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, agreed upon, or required,
9. Procedure
provisions must be made for maintaining ambient atmospheric
9.1 Tank Preparation—Clean the tank and lid thoroughly
pressure in the tank. Using a reflex condenser open to the air,
prior to introduction of the sample or liquid. Use distilled or
a pressure relief valve or any method allowing the movement
deionized water for the final rinse of the cleaning procedure.
of gas to relieve pressure while minimizing changes in the
9.2 Sample Exposure—Hold the geosynthetic material to be
chemical composition of the test solution is acceptable (see
immersed in place in the exposure container in such a way that
9.7). The purpose of this feature of the equipment is to prevent
contact with the container and other sheets of material is
pressure buildup in an exposure tank from the generation of
limited as much as possible.
gases by chemical reactions or biological activity.
5.2.2 Pressurized tanks that maintain a constant pressure 9.2.1 Do not immerse different types of geosynthetic mate-
rials in the same immersion vessel.
may be used as an alternative to 5.2.1 when the maintenance of
a pressure other than ambient atmospheric pressure is speci-
9.2.2 Add the liquid to the tank with the test samples in
fied, agreed upon, or required.
place. The liquid must cover the samples completely.
5.3 Temperature Control Equipment, to maintain the immer-
9.2.3 If the liquid is placed in the tank at ambient tempera-
sion solution at the specified temperature. Options that have
ture and heated subsequently to an elevated immersion tem-
worked well are the following: (1) a hot water bath to contain
perature, the liquid will expand to a greater volume. This can
the exposure tank; (2) a heating coil wrapped around the tank,
result in the volume of the liquid exceeding the capacity of the
or a hot plate used in conjunction with a thermostat and
tank and thus a spill of hazardous materials. Expansion of the
thermocouple; and (3) a room controlled at the exposure
liquid should be anticipated and procedures prepared for the
temperature for storing the tank. Placing a heating coil directly
containment of excess liquid.
in the exposure solution is not recommended since corrosion
9.3 Sealing the Tanks—Unless otherwise specified, agreed
may affect the coil, and chemical reactions that may not
upon, or required, seal the exposure tanks with no air if the
otherwise occur may occur on a hot coil.
solution contains volatile organics or if the solution to be in
5.4 Stirrer, if required (see 9.4), for mixing the solution.
contact with the geosynthetic will exist in the field under buried
Magnetically moved stirring bars and mechanical stirrers
conditions. The pressure inside the tank must be the same as
entering the tan
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