ASTM F2200-20

Standard Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Construction

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance-based and prescriptive-based methods of evaluating various classes of automated gate constructions that are used for vehicular traffic. The gate types addressed in this specification include horizontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates. Conversely, the four classes of gates covered here are as follows: Class I, a gate for the garage or parking area intended for use in a home of a one-to-four single family dwelling; Class II, a gate intended for use in a commercial location or building such as a multi-family housing unit (five or more single family units), hotel, garages, retail store, or other building servicing the general public; Class III, a gate intended for use in an industrial location or building such as a factory, loading dock area, or other locations not intended to service the general public; and Class IV, a gate intended for use in a guarded industrial location or building such as an airport security area, or other restricted access locations not servicing the general public, in which unauthorized access is prevented by means of supervision by security personnel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines performance-based and prescriptive-based methods of evaluating various classes of gates that are used for vehicular traffic and are to be automated.  
1.2 Gate types addressed in this specification include horizontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates.  
1.3 Gate types not listed in this specification will be subject to any applicable provisions contained in this specification.  
1.4 Automated vehicular gate systems shall comply with this specification and shall be compliant with UL 325.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2020
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: F14 - Fences
• Drafting Committee: F14.15 - Gates

Overview

ASTM F2200-20: Standard Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Construction is an international standard developed by ASTM International to provide comprehensive requirements for the design, construction, and installation of automated vehicular gates. This specification covers both performance-based and prescriptive-based evaluation methods for different classes of automated gates, including horizontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates. It ensures that automated vehicular gates used for controlling vehicle access in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities meet essential safety and operational criteria.

This standard is crucial for manufacturers, installers, safety personnel, and facility managers involved in the deployment and maintenance of vehicular gate systems. It also mandates compliance with reference standards such as UL 325, ensuring that automated gate operators meet recognized safety benchmarks.

Key Topics

• Gate Types Covered

  • Horizontal slide gates
  • Horizontal swing gates
  • Vertical lift gates
  • Vertical pivot gates
  • Overhead pivot gates

• Gate Classes

  • Class I: Residential gates (one-to-four family dwellings)
  • Class II: Commercial gates (multi-family, hotels, garages, retail, public-use facilities)
  • Class III: Industrial gates (factories, loading docks, non-public access)
  • Class IV: Guarded industrial gates (airports, restricted areas, supervised security)

• Design and Safety Requirements

  • Restriction of hazardous protrusions and entrapment risks
  • Guarding of exposed rollers and gate mechanisms
  • Gate movement controls to prevent gravity-induced motion
  • Separate pedestrian access to prevent accidental contact with moving gates

• Retrofit Requirements

  • Non-automated gates to be automated must comply with this specification
  • Gates or operators replaced must be upgraded according to this standard

• Dimensional and Performance Criteria

  • Maximum gaps between gates and fixed objects for safety
  • Screening and guarding requirements to prevent unauthorised entry and injury

Applications

ASTM F2200-20 is widely applied across various sectors where controlling vehicle entry points is essential for security, safety, and operational efficiency. Typical applications include:

• Residential communities: Automated gates for driveways, parking areas, and gated communities to enhance security and convenience.
• Commercial facilities: Access control for multi-family housing, hotels, retail centers, and parking garages.
• Industrial sites: Secure perimeter access for factories, warehouses, and loading docks where public entry is restricted.
• High-security installations: Specialized gates for airports, military bases, and other sensitive locations where only authorized vehicles are permitted.

Compliance with ASTM F2200-20 helps reduce liability, ensures adherence to industry best practices, and meets local code requirements. Incorporating this standard is essential for project specifications, tender documents, and facility management procedures related to automated vehicular access systems.

Related Standards

• UL 325: Standard for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems - referenced for operator safety compliance in automated gate systems.
• ASTM F1184 (if applicable): For industrial and commercial sliding gates construction.
• Local and international building codes and safety regulations may also reference ASTM F2200-20 for automated vehicular access systems.

Keywords: ASTM F2200, automated vehicular gates, horizontal slide gates, swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical pivot gates, overhead pivot gates, gate safety standard, UL 325 compliance, vehicular gate construction, security gate standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2200 −20
Standard Specification for
Automated Vehicular Gate Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 Class I Gate, n—a gate intended for use in garages or
parking areas associated with a residence of one to four single
1.1 This specification defines performance-based and
families.
prescriptive-based methods of evaluating various classes of
gates that are used for vehicular traffic and are to be automated. 3.4 Class II Gate, n—a gate intended for use in a commer-
cial location or building such as a multi-family housing unit
1.2 Gate types addressed in this specification include hori-
(five or more single family units), hotel, garages, retail store, or
zontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates,
other building accessible by or servicing the general public.
vertical pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates.
3.5 Class III Gate, n—a gate intended for use in an
1.3 Gate types not listed in this specification will be subject
industrial location or building such as a factory or loading dock
to any applicable provisions contained in this specification.
area or other locations not accessible by or intended to service
1.4 Automated vehicular gate systems shall comply with
the general public.
this specification and shall be compliant with UL 325.
3.6 Class IV Gate, n—a gate intended for use in a guarded
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
industrial location or building such as a airport security area or
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
other restricted access locations not servicing the general
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
public, in which unauthorized access is prevented via supervi-
information only and are not considered standard.
sion by security personnel.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.7 entrapment, n—the condition of being caught or held in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
a position that increases the risk of injury.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.8 gatelatch,n—a manual mechanism that secures the gate
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
in either the fully closed or fully open position.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.9 gate lock, n—an electro-mechanical mechanism that
locks the gate in either the fully closed or fully open position.
2. Referenced Documents
3.10 positive stop, n—a physical device that limits gate
travel.
2.1 UL Standard:
UL 325 Standard for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and
3.11 protrusion, n—an object less than 9 in. (5806 mm) of
Window Operators and Systems
cross sectional area and permanently attached to the gate with
asurfacethatextendsbeyondtheextremehorizontalorvertical
3. Terminology
planes created by the gate structure members.
3.1 bottom retainer, n—an angle or lip attached to the
3.12 receiver guide, n—a device mounted to a post or other
bottom horizontal member of a slide gate, usually used on a
fixed object which provides lateral stability to a closed gate.
gate installed in a high security-related application, intended to
3.13 receiver post, n—a post to which a receiver guide is
protect a gate from crash-through related damage from vehicu-
attached.
lar impact.
3.14 vehicular horizontal slide gate, n—a gate that slides in
3.2 catcher, n—see receiver guide.
a horizontal direction and is intended for use at a vehicular
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fences
3.15 vehicular horizontal swing gate, n—a gate that swings
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.15 on Gates.
in a horizontal arc in a horizontal plane and is intended for use
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2200 – 17. DOI: atavehicularentranceorexittoadrive,parkinglot,orthelike.
10.1520/F2200-20.
3.16 vehicular overhead pivot gate, n—a gate made in one
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com. rigid piece designed to close an entire opening at a vehicular
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2200 − 20
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like, where 4.8.9 For vertical pivot gates, gate locks shall not be
openingandclosingisaccomplishedbypivotingthegateabout considered protrusions.
an axis, with or without a horizontal track to guide the top of
4.9 Gates shall be designed, constructed, and installed such
the gate.
that their movement shall not be initiated by gravity when an
3.17 vehicular vertical lift gate, n—a gate that moves in the
automatic operator is disconnected, in accordance with the
vertical direction and is intended for use at a vehicular entrance
following.
or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
4.9.1 Vehicular horizontal slide gate. Shall not result in
continuous, unimpeded movement in either lineal direction of
3.18 vehicular vertical pivot gate, n—a gate that moves in
its travel.
an arc in a vertical plane and is intended for use at a vehicular
4.9.2 Vehicular horizontal swing gate. Shall not result in
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
continuous, unimpeded movement in either direction along the
3.19 weight bearing exposed roller, n—an exposed roller
arc of its path of travel.
that supports weight from the gate.
4.9.3 Vehicular vertical lift gate. Shall be restrained from
movement along the lineal path of its travel.
4. General Requirements
4.9.4 Vehicular vertical pivot gate. Shall be restrained from
4.1 Gates shall be constructed in accordance with the
movement along the arc of its path of travel.
provisions given for the appropriate gate type listed in Sections
4.9.5 Vehicular overhead pivot gate. Shall be restrained
5–10.
from movement along the translational path of its travel.
4.2 Gates shall be designed, constructed, and installed to not
4.10 For pedestrian access in the vicinity of an automated
fall over more than 45 degrees from the vertical plane, when a
vehicular gate, separate pedestrian access shall be provided or
gate is detached from the supporting hardware.
available. The pedestrian access shall be in a location such that
a pedestrian shall not come in contact with a moving vehicular
4.3 Gates shall have smooth bottom edges, with vertical
access gate during the entire path of travel of the vehicular
bottom edged protrusions not exceeding 0.50 in. (12.7 mm)
gate. A pedestrian gate shall not be incorporated into an
when other than the Exceptions listed in 4.8.
automated vehicular gate panel.
4.4 The minimum height for barbed tape shall not be less
than 8 ft (2.44 m) above grade.
5. Specific Applications
4.5 The minimum height for barbed wire shall not be less
5.1 Any non-automated gate that is to be automated shall be
than 6 ft (1.83 m) above grade.
upgraded to conform to the provisions of this specification.
4.6 Anexistinggatelatchshallbedisabledwhenamanually
5.2 This specification shall not apply to gates generally used
operated gate is retrofitted with a powered gate operator.
for pedestrian access and to vehicular gates not to be auto-
mated.
4.7 A gate latch shall not be installed on an automatically
operated gate.
5.3 When the gate operator requires replacement, the exist-
ing gate shall be upgraded to conform to the provisions of this
4.8 Protrusions shall not be permitted on any gate.
specification.
Exceptions:
4.8.1 For all gates, vertical bottom edge protrusions not
5.4 When the gate of an automated gate system requires
exceeding 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) which shall be smooth on all
replacement, the new gate shall conform to the provisions of
surfaces with no sharp edges. this specification.
4.8.2 For all gates, gate locks and edge sensors shall not be
6. Vehicular Horizontal Slide Gates
considered protrusions.
4.8.3 Protrusions at the leading and trailing vertical gate
6.1 The following provisions shall apply to Class I, Class II,
edges shall not exceed 0.50 in. (12.7 mm), and shall be smooth
and Class III vehicular horizontal slide gates:
on all surfaces with no sharp edges.
6.1.1 All weight bearing exposed rollers 8 ft (2.44 m), or
4.8.4 Top pickets and top decorative designs shall not be
less, above grade shall be guarded or covered.
considered protrusions, provided they are in a vertical plane 6.1.2 All openings shall be designed, guarded, or screened
with respect to the gate. Protrusions extending outside the
from the bottom of the gate to the top of the gate or a minimum
vertical plane shall be permitted, provided such protrusions are
of 72 in. (1.83 m) above grade, whichever is less, to prevent a
located 7 ft (2.13 m) or more above grade.
2 ⁄4 in. (57 mm) diameter sphere from passing through the
4.8.5 For horizontal slide gates, gate locks, wheels, an
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2200 − 17 F2200 − 20
Standard Specification for
Automated Vehicular Gate Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification defines performance-based and prescriptive-based methods of evaluating various classes of gates that are
used for vehicular traffic and are to be automated.
1.2 Gate types addressed in this specification include horizontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical
pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates.
1.3 Gate types not listed in this specification will be subject to any applicable provisions contained in this specification.
1.4 Automated vehicular gate systems shall comply with this specification and shall be compliant with UL 325.
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 UL Standard:
UL 325 Standard for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 bottom retainer—retainer, n—an angle or lip attached to the bottom horizontal member of a slide gate, usually used on a
gate installed in a high security-related application, intended to protect a gate from crash-through related damage from vehicular
impact.
3.2 catcher—catcher, n—see receiver guide.
3.3 Class I Gate—Gate, n—a gate intended for use in garages or parking areas associated with a residence of one to four single
families.
3.4 Class II Gate—Gate, n—a gate intended for use in a commercial location or building such as a multi-family housing unit
(five or more single family units), hotel, garages, retail store, or other building accessible by or servicing the general public.
3.5 Class III Gate—Gate, n—a gate intended for use in an industrial location or building such as a factory or loading dock area
or other locations not accessible by or intended to service the general public.
3.6 Class IV Gate—Gate, n—a gate intended for use in a guarded industrial location or building such as a airport security area
or other restricted access locations not servicing the general public, in which unauthorized access is prevented via supervision by
security personnel.
3.7 entrapment—entrapment, n—the condition of being caught or held in a position that increases the risk of injury.
3.8 gate latch—latch, n—a manual mechanism that secures the gate in either the fully closed or fully open position.
3.9 gate lock—lock, n—an electro-mechanical mechanism that locks the gate in either the fully closed or fully open position.
3.10 positive stop—stop, n—a physical device that limits gate travel.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications and Other
Fence Systems and Components.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017April 1, 2020. Published October 2017April 2020. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20142017 as
F2200 - 14.F2200 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F2200-17.10.1520/F2200-20.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2200 − 20
3.11 protrusion—protrusion, n—an object less than 9 in. (5806 mm) of cross sectional area and permanently attached to the
gate with a surface that extends beyond the extreme horizontal or vertical planes created by the gate structure members.
3.12 receiver post—a post to which a receiver guide is attached.
3.12 receiver guide—guide, n—a device mounted to a post or other fixed object which provides lateral stability to a closed gate.
3.13 receiver post, n—a post to which a receiver guide is attached.
3.14 vehicular horizontal slide gate—gate, n—a gate that slides in a horizontal direction and is intended for use at a vehicular
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
3.15 vehicular horizontal swing gate—gate, n—a gate that swings in a horizontal arc in a horizontal plane and is intended for
use at a vehicular entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
3.16 vehicular overhead pivot gate—gate, n—a gate made in one rigid piece designed to close an entire opening at a vehicular
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like, where opening and closing is accomplished by pivoting the gate about an axis,
with or without a horizontal track to guide the top of the gate.
3.17 vehicular vertical lift gate—gate, n—a gate that moves in the vertical direction and is intended for use at a vehicular
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
3.18 vehicular vertical pivot gate—gate, n—a gate that moves in an arc in a vertical plane and is intended for use at a vehicular
entrance or exit to a drive, parking lot, or the like.
3.19 weight bearing exposed roller—roller, n—an exposed roller that supports weight from the gate.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Gates shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions given for the appropriate gate type listed in Sections 5 – 10.
4.2 Gates shall be designed, constructed, and installed to not fall over more than 45 degrees from the vertical plane, when a gate
is detached from the supporting hardware.
4.3 Gates shall have smooth bottom edges, with vertical bottom edged protrusions not exceeding 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) when other
than the Exceptions listed in 4.8.
4.4 The minimum height for barbed tape shall not be less than 8 ft (2.44 m) above grade.
4.5 The minimum height for barbed wire shall not be less than 6 ft (1.83 m) above grade.
4.6 An existing gate latch shall be disabled when a manually operated gate is retrofitted with a powered gate operator.
4.7 A gate latch shall not be installed on an automatically operated gate.
4.8 Protrusions shall not be permitted on any gate.
Exceptions:
4.8.1 For all gates, vertical bottom edge protrusions not exceedexceeding 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) which shall be smooth on all
surfaces with no sharp edges.
4.8.2 For all gates, gate locks and edge sensors shall not be considered protrusions.
4.8.3 Protrusions at the leading and trailing vertical gate edges shall not exceed 0.50 in. (12.7 mm), and shall be smooth on all
surfaces with no sharp edges.
4.8.4 Top pickets and top decorative designs shall not be considered protrusions, provided they are in a vertical plane with
respect to the gate. Protrusions extending outside the vertical plane shall be permitted, provided such protrusions are located 7 ft
(2.13 m) or more above grade.
4.8.5 For horizontal slide gates, gate locks, wheels, and positive stops shall not be considered protrusions.
4.8.6 For horizontal slide gates, bottom retainers shall not be considered protrusions only when used in Class IV applications.
4.8.7 For vertical lift gates, gate locks, top pickets, and top decorative designs shall not be considered protrusions.
4.8.8 For vertical lift gates, positive stops shall not be considered protrusions only when used at the top of gates.
4.8.9 For vertical pivot gates, gate locks shall not be considered protrusions.
4.9 Gates shall be designed, constructed, and installed such that their movement shall not be initiated by gravity when an
automatic operator is disconnected, in accordance with the following.
4.9.1 Vehicular horizontal slide gate. Shall not result in continuous, unimpeded movement in either lineal direction of its travel.
4.9.2 Vehicular horizontal swing gate. Shall not result in continuous, unimpeded movement in either direction along the arc of
its path of travel.
4.9.3 Vehicular vertical lift gate. Shall be restrained from movement along the lineal path of its travel.
4.9.4 Vehicular vertical pivot gate. Shall be restrained from movement along the arc of its path of travel.
4.9.5 Vehicular overhead pivot gate. Shall be restrained from movement along the translational path of its travel.
4.10 For pedestrian access in the vicinity of an automated vehicular gate, a separate pedestrian gateaccess shall be provided.
provided or available. The pedestrian gateaccess shall be installed in a location such that a pedestrian shall not come in contact
F2200 − 20
with a moving vehicular access gate during the entire path of travel of the vehicular gate. A pedestrian gate shall not be
incorporated into an automated vehicular gate panel.
5. Specific Applications
5.1 Any non-automated gate that is to be automated shall be upgraded to conform to the provisions of this specification.
5.2 This specification shall not apply to gates generally used for pedestrian access and to vehicular gates not to be automated.
5.3 When the gate operator requires replacement, the existing gate shall be upgraded to conform to the pro
...