ASTM D5473/D5473M-20

Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedures) Analyzing the Effects of Partial Penetration of Control Well and Determining the Horizontal and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity in a Nonleaky Confined Aquifer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:  
5.1.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.1.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer.  
5.1.3 The nonleaky artesian aquifer is homogeneous, and aerially extensive. The aquifer may also be anisotropic and, if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. The methods may be used to analyze tests on unconfined aquifers under conditions described in a following section.
Note 1: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information.  
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.  
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 2.  
5.2 Implications of Assumptions—The vertical flow components in the aquifer are induced by a control well that partially penetrates the aquifer, that is, a well that is not open to the aquifer through its full thickness. The effects of vertical flow components are measured in piezometers near the control well, that is, within a distance, r, in which vertical flow components are significant, that is:
5.3 Application of Method to Unconfined Aquifers:  
5.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, Weeks (1) has pointed out that the solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity response are small. The effects of gravity response become negligible after a time as given, for piezometers near the water table, by the equation:
for values of ar/b  
for greater values of ar/b.  
5.3.2 Drawdown in an unconfined aquifer is also affected by curvature of the water table or free surface near the control well, and b...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the aquifer to the discharge from a well that partially penetrates the aquifer. This standard uses data derived from Test Method D4050.  
1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D3740-23 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4050-20 - Standard Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D3740-19 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4105/D4105M-15e1 - Standard Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D653-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Refers: ASTM D4050-14 - Standard Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM D3740-12a - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM D3740-12 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM D653-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Refers: ASTM D3740-11 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Refers: ASTM D3740-10 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Refers: ASTM D653-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM D653-08a - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Refers: ASTM D653-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Refers: ASTM D4050-96(2008) - Standard Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2008

Overview

ASTM D5473/D5473M-20 is a standard practice developed by ASTM International for analyzing the effects of partial penetration of a control well and for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity in a nonleaky, confined aquifer. This analytical procedure enables groundwater professionals to more accurately evaluate aquifer properties where the control well does not fully penetrate the aquifer. By providing guidance on applying corrections and interpreting drawdown data near partially penetrating wells, the standard supports reliable hydrogeological investigations.

Hydraulic conductivity characterization using ASTM D5473/D5473M-20 is fundamental to groundwater management, environmental site assessment, and engineering projects requiring the understanding of aquifer responses to pumping or injection tests.

Keywords: ASTM D5473/D5473M-20, partial penetration, control well, horizontal hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, confined aquifer, nonleaky aquifer, aquifer analysis, groundwater testing.

Key Topics

• Aquifer Response Analysis: This standard addresses evaluating water-level response in an aquifer when a control well of infinitesimal diameter only partially penetrates the aquifer, as is common in field conditions.
• Hydraulic Conductivity Determination: Provides analytical solutions for calculating both horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity, essential for characterizing groundwater flow and aquifer anisotropy.
• Assumptions and Applicability: The method assumes:
  • Constant discharge rate from the control well
  • Nonleaky, homogeneous, and potentially anisotropic aquifer conditions
  • Well-induced vertical flow components are significant near the control well
  • Discharge from the well comes solely from aquifer storage
• Analytical Solution: Describes the use of observed water level data, including drawdown deviations near the well, to estimate aquifer hydraulic properties.
• Units and Data Reporting: Results may be reported in either SI or inch-pound units, but mixing units is not allowed. Data reporting must follow the significant digits guidance of ASTM D6026.

Applications

ASTM D5473/D5473M-20 is invaluable for professionals in hydrogeology, environmental consulting, and civil engineering due to its practical application in:

• Groundwater Resource Assessment: Determining aquifer properties guides sustainable groundwater resource management and wellfield design.
• Remediation System Design: Understanding hydraulic conductivity is critical for designing pump-and-treat and in-situ remediation systems.
• Construction Dewatering: Accurate aquifer property analysis supports dewatering system design for construction projects in confined aquifer settings.
• Regulatory Compliance and Reporting: Standardized testing supports compliance with environmental regulations that require documented, repeatable aquifer testing methodologies.
• Academic Research: Used in research settings to examine subsurface hydraulic properties and aquifer dynamics under controlled testing conditions.

Additionally, the method can be applied to unconfined aquifers under special conditions, provided drawdown is small relative to saturated aquifer thickness or corrections are applied for gravity drainage.

Related Standards

ASTM D5473/D5473M-20 references and complements several other key ASTM standards:

• ASTM D4050: Field test method for determining hydraulic properties of aquifer systems via withdrawal and injection well testing.
• ASTM D653: Standard terminology relating to soil, rock, and contained fluids.
• ASTM D3740: Practice for minimum requirements for agencies engaged in testing soils and rocks in engineering.
• ASTM D4105: Analytical procedures for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of nonleaky confined aquifers.
• ASTM D6026: Practice for using significant digits in geotechnical data reporting.

Implementing ASTM D5473/D5473M-20 ensures that aquifer tests involving partial penetration yield reliable, consistent, and actionable hydrogeological data, contributing to better project outcomes and groundwater management decisions.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5473/D5473M −20
Standard Practice for
(Analytical Procedures) Analyzing the Effects of Partial
Penetration of Control Well and Determining the Horizontal
and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity in a Nonleaky Confined
Aquifer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5473/D5473M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
methods for engineering design
1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determin-
ing the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the one or more specific operations.This document cannot replace
aquifertothedischargefromawellthatpartiallypenetratesthe educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
aquifer. This standard uses data derived from Test Method professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be
D4050. applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for deter-
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
mination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
ofaquifersareprimarilyrelatedtothecorrespondencebetween
ofaproject’smanyuniqueaspects.Theword“Standard”inthe
the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this
title of this document means only that the document has been
practice.
approved through he ASTM consensus process.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this standard.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Practice D6026.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
2. Referenced Documents
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
Fluids
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5473/D5473M–15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5473_D5473M–20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5473/D5473M−20
Properties of Aquifer Systems 4. Summary of Practice
D4105/D4105MPractice for (Analytical Procedure) for De-
4.1 This practice uses the deviations in drawdown near a
termining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
partially penetrating control well from those that would occur
leaky ConfinedAquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
near a control well fully penetrating the aquifer. These devia-
librium Method
tions occur when a well partially penetrating the aquifer is
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
pumped because water levels are drawn down more near the
Data
levelofthescreen,andlessatlevelssomewhataboveorbelow
the screened interval, than they would be if the pumped well
3. Terminology
fully penetrated the aquifer. These effects are shown in Fig. 1
3.1 Definitions:
by comparing drawdown and flow lines for fully penetrating
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsofcommontechnicaltermsusedinthis
and partially penetrating control wells in an isotropic aquifer.
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
Drawdown deviations due to partial penetration are amplified
when the vertical permeability is less than the horizontal
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
permeability, as often occurs in stratified sediments (1).
3.2.1 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
Hantush (2) has shown that at a distance, r, from the control
aquifer.
well the drawdown deviation due to pumping a partially
3.2.2 unconfined aquifer—an aquifer that has a water table.
penetrating well at a constant rate is the same as that at a
1/2
3.3 Symbols and Dimensions:
distance r(K /K ) if the aquifers were transformed into an
z r
1/2
3.3.1 a [nd]—(K /K ) .
z r equivalent isotropic aquifer.
3.3.2 b [L]—thickness of aquifer.
4.2 Solutions—Solutions are given by Hantush (2) for the
3.3.3 d [L]—distance from top of aquifer to top of screened drawdown near a partially penetrating control well being
interval of control well.
pumped at a constant rate and tapping a homogeneous,
isotropic artesian aquifer:
3.3.4 d' [L]—distance from top of aquifer to top of screened
interval of observation well.
Q
s 5 W u 1f (1)
@ ~ ! #
s
4πT
3.3.5 f [nd]—dimensionless drawdown factor.
s
−1
3.3.6 K[LT ]—hydraulic conductivity. where:
−1
`
3.3.7 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity in the plane of the 2y
r
e
W~u! 5 dy (2)
aquifer, radially from the control well. *
y
u
−1
3.3.8 K [LT ]—hydraulicconductivitynormaltotheplane
z
and f is the dimensionless drawdown correction factor. The
s
of the aquifer.
function [ W(u)+ f ]in Eq 1 can be referred to as the partial
s
3.3.9 K —modified Bessel function of the second kind and
penetration well function.
zero order.
4.2.1 The dimensionless drawdown correction factor for a
3.3.10 l [L]—distance from top of aquifer to bottom of
piezometer is given by:
screened interval of control well.
ar l d z
f 5 f u, , , , (3)
S D
s
3.3.11 l' [L]—distance from top of aquifer to bottom of
b b b b
screened interval of observation well.
`
3 −1
2b 1 nπl nπd nπz nπar
3.3.12 Q [L T ]—discharge.
5 sin 2 sin cos W u,
S D S D
(
π~l 2 d! n b b b b
n51
3.3.13 r [L]—radial distance from control well.
and the solution for the dimensionless drawdown correction
3.3.14 r —distancefrompumpedwellatwhichanobserved
c
factor for an observation well is given by:
drawdown deviation, δs, would occur in the equivalent isotro-
pic aquifer. ar l d l' d'
f 5 f u, , , , , (4)
S D
s
b b b b b
3.3.15 S [nd]—storage coefficient.
`
3.3.16 s [L]—drawdown. 2
2b 1 nπl nπd
5 ~l'2d'! sin 2 sin
−1 S D
2 ( 2
3.3.17 S [L ]—specific storage. π ~l 2 d! n b b
n51
s
2 −1
3.3.18 T [L T ]—transmissivity.
nπl' nπd' nπar
sin 2 sin W u,
S D S D
3.3.19 u [nd]—(r S)/(4 Tt).
b b b
3.3.20 W(u) [nd]—an exponential integral known in hydrol-
where:
ogy as the well function of u.
x
3.3.21 W(u, f )—partial-penetration control well function. ` exp 2y 2
S D
s
4y
W~m, x! 5 dy (5)
*
3.3.22 δs [L]—drawdown deviation due to partial penetra-
y
u
tion from that given by equations for purely radial flow.
3.3.23 z [L]—distance from top of aquifer to bottom of
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
piezometer. thetext.
D5473/D5473M−20
NOTE 1—Solid lines are for a well screened in the bottom three tenths of the aquifer; dashed lines are for a well screened the full thickness.
FIG. 1Vertical Section Showing Drawdown Lines and Approximate Flow Paths Near a Pumped Well in an Ideal Artesian Aquifer
The hydrogeologic conditions and symbols used in connec- The first term in Eq 6 is the drawdown in an isotropic
tion with piezometer and well geometries are shown in Fig. 2.
homogeneous confined aquifer under radial flow, as given by
2 2
4.2.2 For large values of time, that is, for t > b S/(2a T)or
Theis (3). The second term is deviation from the Theis
t > bS/(2K ), the effects of partial penetration are constant in
drawdown caused by partial penetration of the control well.
z
time, and W(u, (nπar)/b)) can be approximated by
This term is designated as the drawdown deviation by Weeks
2K ((nπar)/b) (2). K is the modified Bessel function of the
0 0 (1) and is given by:
second kind of order zero.
Q
4.2.3 Eq 1 can be written
δs 5 f (7)
s
4πT
Q Q
s 5 W~u!1 f (6)
s
4πT 4πT
FIG. 2 Cross Section Through a Discharging Well That is Screened in a Part of a Nonleaky Aquifer
D5473/D5473M−20
4.2.4 Theeffectsofpartialpenetrationneedtobeconsidered 5.3.2 Drawdowninanunconfinedaquiferisalsoaffectedby
for ar/b<1.5.Thereisaresponsecurveforeachvalueof ar/b, curvature of the water table or free surface near the control
d/b, l/b, and either z/b for piezometers, or l'/ b and d'/b for well,andbythedecreaseinsaturatedthickness,thatcausesthe
observation wells.Atable of dimensionless drawdown factors transmissivity to decline toward the control well. This method
forpiezometersfromWeeks (1)isgiveninTable1covering56 shouldbeapplicabletoanalysisoftestsonwater-tableaquifers
different partial-penetration situations. A graph of one of the for which the control well is cased to a depth below the
many families of curves showing the dimensionless drawdown pumping level and the drawdown in the control well is less
factor f versus ar/b for a control well screened, or open, from than0.2b.Moreover,littleerrorwouldbeintroducedbyeffects
s
z =0.6b to z =0.9b for various values of piezometer of water-table curvature, even for a greater drawdown in the
penetration, z/b,isshowninFig.3.Becauseoftheevengreater control well, if the term (s /2b) for a given piezometer is small
number of possible drawdown factors for observation wells, compared to the δ s term.
drawdown correction factors for wells are not tabulated. 5.3.3 The transmissivity decreases as a result of decreasing
thicknessoftheunconfinedaquifernearthecontrolwell.Jacob
5. Significance and Use (4)hasshownthattheeffectofdecreasingtransmissivityonthe
drawdown may be corrected by the equation:
5.1 Assumptions:
s' 5 s 2 s /2b (11)
~ !
5.1.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.
5.1.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially
where sistheobserveddrawdownand s'isthedrawdownin
penetrates the aquifer.
an equivalent confined aquifer.
5.1.3 The nonleaky artesian aquifer is homogeneous, and
NOTE 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
aerially extensive. The aquifer may also be anisotropic and, if
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic con-
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
ductivityarehorizontalandvertical,respectively.Themethods
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
may be used to analyze tests on unconfined aquifers under
cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
conditions described in a following section.
reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740
provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
NOTE 1—Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium.
Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data
and information. 6. Apparatus
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from 6.1 Apparatus for withdrawal tests is given in Test Method
storage in the aquifer. D4050. The apparatus described as follows are those compo-
nents of the apparatus that require special attributes for Test
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well condi-
tions are shown in Fig. 2. Method D4050.
6.2 Construction of Control Well—Screen the control well
5.2 Implications of Assumptions—The vertical flow compo-
through only part of the vertical extent of the aquifer to be
nents in the aquifer are induced by a control well that partially
tested.Thescreenedintervalofthecontrolwellmustbeknown
penetrates the aquifer, that is, a well that is not open to the
as a function of aquifer thickness.
aquifer through its full thickness. The effects of vertical flow
componentsaremeasuredinpiezometersnearthecontrolwell,
6.3 Construction and Placement of Piezometers and Obser-
that is, within a distance, r, in which vertical flow components
vation Wells—The requirements for observation wells and
are significant, that is:
piezometers are related to the method of analysis to be used.
8; the
Two methods of analysis are prescribed in Section
r,1.5b =Kr/Kz (8)
observationwellandpiezometerrequirementsforeachmethod
5.3 Application of Method to Unconfined Aquifers:
are given as follows. The piezometers and observation wells
5.3.1 Althoughtheassumptionsareapplicabletoartesianor
may be on the same or various radial lines from the control
confinedconditions,Weeks (1)haspointedoutthatthesolution
well.
may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small
6.3.1 The type curve fitting methods require one or more
compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the
piezometers near the control well within the radial distance
drawdowniscorrectedforreductioninthicknessoftheaquifer,
affectedbyverticalflowcomponents.Thisdistanceisgivenby
1/2
and the effects of delayed gravity response are small. The
r < 1.5 b/(K /K ) .The depth of the piezometer opening must
z r
effects of gravity response become negligible after a time as
be known as a function of the aquifer thickness. Construction
given, for piezometers near the water table, by the equation:
ofpiezometersorwellsforaspecificfieldtestshallbeidentical
with respect to distance from the top of the aquifer to the
bS
y
t 5 (9)
bottomofthepiezometersorthescreenedintervalofthewells.
K
z
6.3.2 Method 1 of the drawdown deviation methods re-
for values of ar/b < 0.4 and by the equation:
quires one or more piezometers or wells near the control well
withintheradialdistanceaffectedbyverticalflowcomponents.
K
bS r
z
y
t 5 S0.511.25 ΠD (10) The depth of these piezometers and the screened interval of
K b K
z r
wells must be known as a function of aquifer thickness.
for greater values of ar/b. Construction of piezometers or wells for a specific field test
D5473/D5473M−20
TABLE 1 Tabulated Values of the Dimensionless Drawdown Correction Factor
All values, including those for piezometer depth, are listed for percentages of the aquifer thickness, as measured from the top of the aquifer or from the pumped
well.
The f(s) values listed are for an isotropic aquifer. For an anisotropic aquifer the value of f(s) would be read as the value of r/b[Kz/Kr) ⁄2 ], expressed as a
percentage, equivalent to the r value listed.
Each of the tables listed below may also be used for the situation where values for the bottom and the top of the screen are reversed by reading the z value in the
table equivalent to (100 z) for the field situation. For example, the first table listed could also be used to determine values of fs for a well screened from the top of
the aquifer down to a depth equal to 90 % of the adapter thickness. If the piezometers penetrated 20 % of the aquifer thickness, the correction value for a given r/b
value would be found from the z = 80 listing.
Frequently it would be necessary to make a double or triple interpolation to use the data from these tables. Such interpolation probably would be best
accomplished from a plot of f(s) versus log r/b for each of the d/b, zw/b, and z/b values bounding the actual values of these parameters.
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 100. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 90. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.828 −3.457 −2.674 −2.134 −1.732 −1.421 −0.972 −0.673 −0.468 −0.229 −0.113 −0.056 −0.020
10. −4.785 −3.415 −2.633 −2.095 −1.696 −1.387 −0.944 −0.650 −0.451 −0.219 −0.219 −0.053 −0.019
20. −4.651 −3.284 −2.506 −1.976 −1.585 −1.284 −0.860 −0.584 −0.400 −0.191 −0.093 −0.046 −0.016
30. −4.408 −3.048 −2.280 −1.763 −1.388 −1.104 −0.715 −0.471 −0.315 −0.145 −0.069 −0.034 −0.012
40. −4.020 −2.674 −1.925 −1.434 −1.086 −0.833 −0.503 −0.312 −0.198 −0.085 −0.039 −0.018 −0.006
50. −3.415 −2.095 −1.387 −0.944 −0.650 −0.451 −0.219 −0.108 −0.053 −0.013 −0.003 −0.001 0.000
60. −2.444 −1.185 −0.566 −0.225 −0.035 0.067 0.138 0.135 0.111 0.063 0.033 0.017 0.006
70. −0.736 0.341 0.725 0.829 0.808 0.736 0.556 0.399 0.280 0.137 0.067 0.033 0.012
80. 2.897 3.170 2.791 2.312 1.875 1.511 0.983 0.648 0.432 0.199 0.095 0.046 0.016
90. 13.344 8.218 5.575 3.974 2.926 2.207 1.322 0.831 0.539 0.241 0.113 0.055 0.019
100. 21.264 11.404 7.087 4.778 3.395 2.499 1.454 0.899 0.578 0.256 0.120 0.058 0.020
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 80. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.785 −3.415 −2.633 −2.095 −1.696 −1.387 −0.944 −0.650 −0.451 −0.219 −0.108 −0.053 −0.019
10. −4.739 −3.371 −2.590 −2.055 −1.658 −1.352 −0.916 −0.628 −0.434 −0.210 −0.103 −0.051 −0.018
20. −4.597 −3.232 −2.457 −1.929 −1.542 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.015
30. −4.336 −2.979 −2.216 −1.705 −1.335 −1.059 −0.681 −0.448 −0.299 −0.138 −0.066 −0.032 −0.011
40. −3.912 −2.572 −1.834 −1.354 −1.019 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.006
50. −3.232 −1.929 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 0.000
60. −2.076 −0.877 −0.331 −0.057 0.079 0.142 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.006
70. 0.227 0.992 1.113 1.044 0.920 0.789 0.561 0.391 0.272 0.131 0.064 0.032 0.011
80. 6.304 4.280 3.150 2.401 1.867 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.015
90. 12.080 7.287 4.939 3.545 2.635 2.005 1.219 0.773 0.505 0.228 0.107 0.052 0.018
100. 13.344 8.218 5.575 3.973 2.926 2.207 1.322 0.831 0.539 0.241 0.113 0.055 0.019
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.710 −3.342 −2.562 −2.029 −1.634 −1.330 −0.897 −0.613 −0.423 −0.204 −0.100 −0.049 −0.017
10. −4.659 −3.293 −2.515 −1.985 −1.593 −1.293 −0.868 −0.591 −0.406 −0.195 −0.095 −0.047 −0.017
20. −4.500 −3.138 −2.368 −1.848 −1.468 −1.179 −0.778 −0.523 −0.355 −0.168 −0.082 −0.040 −0.014
30. −4.203 −2.853 −2.100 −1.601 −1.245 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.600 −0.029 −0.010
40. −3.705 −2.381 −1.666 −1.212 −0.902 −0.683 −0.408 −0.254 −0.162 −0.071 −0.033 −0.016 −0.005
50. −2.853 −1.601 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 0.000
60. −1.189 −0.230 0.100 0.218 0.251 0.248 0.206 0.157 0.115 0.059 0.030 0.015 0.005
70. 3.064 2.155 1.638 1.286 1.028 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.010
80. 7.239 4.463 3.104 2.289 1.745 1.359 0.859 0.561 0.374 0.173 0.083 0.040 0.014
90. 8.651 5.592 3.958 2.925 2.220 1.716 1.067 0.687 0.453 0.206 0.098 0.048 0.017
100. 9.019 5.915 4.223 3.134 2.382 1.840 1.140 0.731 0.481 0.218 0.103 0.050 0.017
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.597 −3.232 −2.457 −1.929 −1.542 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.015
10. −4.538 −3.175 −2.403 −1.880 −1.497 −1.206 −0.799 −0.538 −0.367 −0.174 −0.084 −0.041 −0.015
20. −4.348 −2.994 −2.233 −1.725 −1.358 −1.082 −0.705 −0.470 −0.318 −0.149 −0.072 −0.035 −0.012
30. −3.986 −2.650 −1.918 −1.442 −1.110 −0.868 −0.549 −0.358 −0.239 −0.110 −0.053 −0.026 −0.009
40. −3.336 −2.055 −1.394 −0.993 −0.731 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
50. −2.055 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
60. 1.196 0.854 0.658 0.524 0.424 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.005
70. 4.424 2.679 1.847 1.358 1.037 0.811 0.518 0.342 0.231 0.108 0.052 0.026 0.009
80. 5.634 3.670 2.622 1.958 1.502 1.174 0.745 0.488 0.326 0.152 0.073 0.035 0.012
90. 6.154 4.140 3.026 2.295 1.777 1.397 0.890 0.582 0.388 0.179 0.086 0.042 0.015
100. 6.304 4.280 3.150 2.401 1.867 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.015
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.434 −3.075 −2.307 −1.791 −1.415 −1.131 −0.739 −0.493 −0.333 −0.156 −0.075 −0.037 −0.013
10. −4.360 −3.005 −2.243 −1.732 −1.364 −1.087 −0.707 −0.470 −0.317 −0.149 −0.072 −0.035 −0.012
20. −4.119 −2.777 −2.036 −1.549 −1.205 −0.951 −0.611 −0.403 −0.271 −0.127 −0.061 −0.030 −0.010
30. −3.626 −2.327 −1.642 −1.214 −0.924 −0.719 −0.453 −0.296 −0.198 −0.092 −0.044 −0.022 −0.008
40. −2.609 −1.486 −0.976 −0.691 −0.513 −0.392 −0.243 −0.157 −0.105 −0.048 −0.023 −0.011 −0.004
50. −0.000 −0.000 −0.000 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
D5473/D5473M−20
TABLE1 Continued
60. 2.609 1.486 0.976 0.691 0.513 0.392 0.243 0.157 0.105 0.048 0.023 0.011 0.004
70. 3.626 2.327 1.642 1.214 0.924 0.719 0.453 0.296 0.198 0.092 0.044 0.022 0.008
80. 4.119 2.777 2.036 1.549 1.205 0.951 0.611 0.403 0.271 0.127 0.061 0.030 0.010
90. 4.360 3.005 2.243 1.732 1.364 1.087 0.707 0.470 0.317 0.149 0.072 0.035 0.012
100. 4.434 3.075 2.307 1.791 1.415 1.131 0.739 0.493 0.333 0.156 0.075 0.037 0.013
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.203 −2.853 −2.100 −1.601 −1.245 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.010
10. −4.102 −2.760 −2.017 −1.530 −1.185 −0.931 −0.593 −0.388 −0.259 −0.120 −0.057 −0.028 −0.010
20. −3.756 −2.447 −1.748 −1.305 −1.002 −0.783 −0.497 −0.325 −0.218 −0.101 −0.048 −0.024 −0.008
30. −2.949 −1.786 −1.231 −0.905 −0.691 −0.541 −0.345 −0.228 −0.154 −0.072 −0.035 −0.017 −0.006
40. −0.798 −0.569 −0.439 −0.349 −0.282 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.003
50. 1.370 0.662 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 2.224 1.370 0.929 0.662 0.488 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.003
70. 2.657 1.767 1.279 0.961 0.740 0.578 0.366 0.239 0.159 0.074 0.035 0.017 0.006
80. 2.899 1.996 1.489 1.150 0.905 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.008
90. 3.025 2.117 1.602 1.253 0.998 0.804 0.532 0.359 0.244 0.116 0.056 0.028 0.010
100. 3.064 2.155 1.638 1.286 1.028 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.010
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 20. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.336 −2.055 −1.394 −0.993 −0.731 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
10. −3.020 −1.822 −1.235 −0.886 −0.659 −0.501 −0.305 −0.193 −0.126 −0.057 −0.027 −0.013 −0.005
20. −1.576 −1.070 −0.788 −0.600 −0.467 −0.368 −0.235 −0.154 −0.102 −0.047 −0.023 −0.011 −0.004
30. −0.057 −0.248 −0.278 −0.261 −0.230 −0.197 −0.140 −0.098 −0.068 −0.033 −0.016 −0.008 −0.003
40. 0.519 0.219 0.083 0.014 −0.020 −0.036 −0.042 −0.036 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.001
50. 0.808 0.482 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 0.978 0.643 0.458 0.338 0.255 0.194 0.117 0.072 0.046 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.001
70. 1.084 0.745 0.554 0.426 0.334 0.265 0.170 0.112 0.075 0.034 0.016 0.008 0.003
80. 1.149 0.808 0.614 0.482 0.385 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.004
90. 1.185 0.843 0.647 0.514 0.415 0.338 0.229 0.157 0.109 0.053 0.026 0.013 0.005
100. 1.196 0.854 0.658 0.524 0.424 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.005
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 90. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 80. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.743 −3.373 −2.592 −2.057 −1.660 −1.354 −0.916 −0.628 −0.434 −0.210 −0.103 −0.051 −0.018
10. −4.694 −3.326 −2.547 −2.015 −1.621 −1.318 −0.887 −0.606 −0.417 −0.201 −0.098 −0.048 −0.017
20. −4.547 −3.179 −2.407 −1.883 −1.499 −1.207 −0.799 −0.538 −0.366 −0.174 −0.084 −0.041 −0.015
30. −4.263 −2.910 −2.151 −1.666 −1.283 −1.013 −0.648 −0.425 −0.283 −0.131 −0.062 −0.030 −0.011
40. −3.803 −2.470 −1.747 −1.274 −0.952 −0.722 −0.431 −0.267 −0.170 −0.074 −0.034 −0.016 −0.006
50. −3.048 −1.763 −1.104 −0.715 −0.471 −0.315 −0.145 −0.069 −0.034 −0.008 −0.002 −0.001 0.000
60. −1.708 −0.569 −0.096 0.111 0.193 0.218 0.198 0.156 0.116 0.061 0.031 0.015 0.006
70. 1.189 1.644 1.500 1.258 1.032 0.843 0.566 0.384 0.263 0.125 0.061 0.030 0.011
80. 9.712 5.389 3.509 2.491 1.859 1.431 0.895 0.582 0.387 0.179 0.086 0.042 0.015
90. 10.816 6.356 4.303 3.117 2.344 1.803 1.115 0.716 0.471 0.214 0.101 0.049 0.017
100. 5.425 5.032 4.064 3.168 2.457 1.915 1.190 0.763 0.500 0.226 0.107 0.052 0.018
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.651 −3.284 −2.506 −1.976 −1.585 −1.284 −1.860 0.584 −0.400 −0.191 −0.093 −0.046 −0.016
10. −4.597 −3.232 −2.457 −1.929 −1.542 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.015
20. −4.424 −3.085 −2.299 −1.784 −1.409 −1.127 −0.737 −0.492 −0.333 −0.157 −0.076 −0.037 −0.013
30. −4.100 −2.755 −2.010 −1.520 1.173 −0.919 −0.582 −0.379 −0.252 −0.116 −0.056 −0.027 −0.009
40. −3.547 −2.235 −1.536 −1.101 −0.810 −0.069 −0.361 −0.224 −0.144 −0.064 −0.030 −0.014 −0.005
50. −2.572 −1.354 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.004 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
60. −0.562 0.248 0.433 0.439 0.395 0.339 0.240 0.168 0.117 0.057 0.028 0.014 0.005
70. 4.965 3.061 2.094 1.515 1.138 0.878 0.551 0.362 0.243 0.114 0.055 0.027 0.009
80. 9.410 5.109 3.260 2.277 1.680 1.283 0.796 0.517 0.344 0.160 0.076 0.037 0.013
90. 6.304 4.280 3.150 2.401 1.867 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.015
100. 2.897 3.170 2.791 2.312 1.875 1.511 0.983 0.648 0.432 0.199 0.095 0.046 0.016
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.520 −3.157 −2.384 −1.861 −1.478 −1.187 −0.782 −0.524 −0.355 −0.167 −0.081 −0.039 −0.014
10. −4.455 −3.095 −2.326 −1.808 −1.431 −1.145 −0.750 −0.501 −0.334 −0.159 −0.077 −0.037 −0.013
20. −4.247 −2.897 −2.142 −1.641 −1.282 −1.015 −0.654 −0.432 −0.290 −0.136 −0.065 −0.032 −0.011
30. −3.845 −2.517 −1.797 −1.335 −1.017 −0.789 −0.494 −0.321 −0.213 −0.009 −0.047 −0.023 −0.008
40. −3.108 −1.848 −1.217 −0.847 −0.613 −0.458 −0.273 −0.173 −0.114 −0.052 −0.025 −0.012 −0.004
50. −1.601 −0.626 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
60. 2.410 1.533 1.066 0.774 0.577 0.440 0.269 0.172 0.113 0.052 0.025 0.012 0.004
70. 6.144 3.458 2.220 1.534 1.113 0.836 0.506 0.374 0.214 0.099 0.047 0.023 0.008
80 6.547 3.837 2.566 1.840 1.378 1.062 0.666 0.435 0.291 0.136 0.065 0.032 0.011
90 3.757 2.780 2.176 1.735 1.395 1.127 0.746 0.500 0.338 0.159 0.077 0.037 0.013
100. 1.318 1.905 1.838 1.609 1.358 1.129 0.767 0.520 0.354 0.167 0.081 0.039 0.014
D5473/D5473M−20
TABLE1 Continued
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.336 −2.979 −2.216 −1.705 −1.335 −1.059 −0.681 −0.448 −0.299 −0.138 −0.066 −0.032 −0.011
10. −4.254 −2.902 −2.145 −1.642 −1.280 −1.012 −0.648 −0.425 −0.284 −0.131 −0.063 −0.030 −0.011
20. −3.986 −2.650 −1.918 −1.442 −1.110 −0.868 −0.549 −0.358 −0.239 −0.110 −0.053 −0.026 −0.009
30. −3.430 −2.146 −1.482 −1.076 −0.809 −0.672 −0.388 −0.253 −0.169 −0.079 −0.038 −0.019 −0.007
40. −2.256 −1.189 −0.739 −0.506 −0.369 −0.282 −0.177 −0.118 −0.081 −0.039 −0.019 −0.010 −0.003
50. 0.854 0.524 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 3.872 2.154 1.362 0.920 0.650 0.473 0.269 0.163 0.103 0.045 0.021 0.010 0.003
70. 4.716 2.823 1.871 1.310 0.953 0.714 0.428 0.271 0.177 0.081 0.038 0.019 0.007
80. 4.424 2.679 1.847 1.358 1.037 0.811 0.518 0.342 0.231 0.108 0.052 0.026 0.009
90. 2.114 1.701 1.410 1.172 0.973 0.807 0.554 0.380 0.262 0.125 0.061 0.030 0.011
100. 0.227 0.992 1.113 1.044 0.920 0.789 0.561 0.391 0.272 0.131 0.064 0.032 0.011
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.078 −2.732 −1.985 −1.494 −1.147 −0.893 −0.557 −0.357 −0.234 −0.105 −0.050 −0.024 −0.008
10. −3.966 −2.629 −1.894 −1.417 −1.083 −0.840 −0.523 −0.336 −0.220 −0.100 −0.047 −0.023 0.008
20. −3.577 −2.279 −1.596 −1.171 −0.885 −0.683 −0.424 −0.274 −0.181 −0.083 −0.040 −0.019 −0.007
30. −2.658 −1.533 −1.021 −0.734 −0.552 −0.428 −0.272 −0.180 −0.122 −0.058 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
40. −0.153 −0.148 −0.141 −0.132 −0.122 −0.111 −0.088 −0.068 −0.051 −0.027 −0.014 −0.007 −0.003
50. 2.327 1.214 0.719 0.453 0.296 0.198 0.092 0.044 0.022 0.005 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 3.158 1.881 1.228 0.840 0.592 0.428 0.237 0.139 0.086 0.036 0.016 0.008 0.003
70. 3.336 2.052 1.389 0.988 0.726 0.547 0.328 0.207 0.135 0.061 0.029 0.014 0.005
80. 2.899 1.761 1.228 0.917 0.711 0.564 0.368 0.247 0.168 0.080 0.039 0.019 0.007
90. 0.961 0.896 0.807 0.709 0.612 0.523 0.374 0.264 0.185 0.091 0.045 0.022 0.008
100. −0.575 0.305 0.548 0.588 0.555 0.497 0.373 0.269 0.191 0.095 0.047 0.023 0.008
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 30. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.705 −2.381 −1.666 −1.212 −0.902 −0.683 −0.408 −0.254 −0.162 −0.071 −0.033 −0.016 −0.005
10. −3.528 −2.227 −1.540 −1.113 −0.827 −0.627 −0.376 −0.235 −0.151 −0.067 −0.031 −0.015 −0.005
20. −2.844 −1.684 −1.134 −0.815 −0.608 −0.465 −0.286 −0.183 −0.120 −0.055 −0.026 −0.013 −0.004
30. −0.798 −0.569 −0.439 −0.349 −0.283 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.003
40. 1.264 0.560 0.271 0.130 0.055 0.015 −0.019 −0.026 −0.024 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.002
50. 1.996 1.150 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 2.260 1.388 0.927 0.643 0.457 0.331 0.181 0.104 0.063 0.025 0.011 0.005 0.002
70. 2.224 1.370 0.929 0.662 0.488 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.003
80. 1.767 1.041 0.719 0.539 0.421 0.338 0.225 0.154 0.106 0.051 0.025 0.012 0.004
90. 0.106 0.277 0.328 0.330 0.309 0.279 0.213 0.157 0.113 0.057 0.029 0.014 0.005
100. −1.189 −0.230 0.100 0.218 0.251 0.248 0.206 0.157 0.115 0.059 0.030 0.015 0.005
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 20. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.123 −1.854 −1.211 −0.830 −0.588 −0.428 −0.239 −0.141 −0.087 −0.036 −0.016 −0.008 −0.003
10. −2.768 −1.594 −1.035 −0.714 −0.511 −0.375 −0.213 −0.128 −0.080 −0.034 −0.015 −0.007 −0.002
20. −1.137 −0.754 −0.542 −0.404 −0.307 −0.237 −0.145 −0.092 −0.060 −0.027 −0.013 −0.006 −0.002
30. 0.565 0.152 0.008 −0.046 −0.065 −0.068 −0.058 −0.044 −0.033 −0.017 −0.008 −0.004 −0.002
40. 1.167 0.603 0.370 0.221 0.133 0.078 0.024 0.003 −0.004 −0.006 −0.004 −0.002 −0.001
50. 1.411 0.851 0.554 0.372 0.253 0.174 0.083 0.041 0.020 0.005 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 1.467 0.904 0.605 0.419 0.296 0.114 0.114 0.063 0.037 0.014 0.006 0.003 0.000
70. 1.344 0.802 0.530 0.369 0.266 0.197 0.115 0.071 0.045 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.002
80. 0.899 0.471 0.303 0.221 0.173 0.140 0.096 0.068 0.048 0.024 0.012 0.006 0.002
90. −0.552 −0.211 −0.056 0.020 0.056 0.071 0.073 0.061 0.047 0.026 0.013 0.007 0.002
100. −1.670 −0.653 −0.260 −0.084 −0.000 0.039 0.062 0.057 0.046 0.026 0.014 0.007 0.003
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 10. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −2.055 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
10. −1.070 −0.600 −0.368 −0.235 −0.154 −0.102 −0.047 −0.023 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
20. 0.219 −0.014 −0.036 −0.042 −0.036 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000 −0.000
30. 0.643 0.338 0.194 0.117 0.072 0.046 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000 −0.000
40. 0.808 0.482 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000 −0.000
50. 0.854 0.524 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 0.808 0.482 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
70. 0.643 0.338 0.194 0.117 0.072 0.046 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
80. 0.219 0.014 −0.036 −0.042 −0.036 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000 0.000
90. −1.070 −0.600 −0.368 −0.235 −0.154 −0.102 −0.047 −0.023 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
100. −2.054 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 80. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.560 −3.196 −2.421 −1.895 −1.509 −1.215 −0.803 −0.539 −0.366 −0.172 −0.083 −0.041 −0.014
10. −4.500 −3.137 −2.366 −1.844 −1.463 −1.174 −0.771 −0.516 −0.349 −0.164 −0.079 −0.039 −0.014
D5473/D5473M−20
TABLE1 Continued
20. −4.306 −2.952 −2.192 −1.685 −1.320 −1.047 −0.676 −0.447 −0.300 −0.140 −0.067 −0.033 −0.012
30. −3.937 −2.601 −1.868 −1.393 −1.063 −0.825 −0.515 −0.334 −0.221 −0.102 −0.049 −0.024 −0.008
40. −3.292 −1.999 −1.330 −0.927 −0.668 −0.495 −0.240 −0.182 −0.119 −0.054 −0.026 −0.013 −0.004
50. −2.095 −0.944 −0.451 −0.219 −0.108 −0.053 −0.003 −0.003 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
60. 0.584 1.065 0.962 0.768 0.596 0.460 0.282 0.180 0.118 0.054 0.026 0.013 0.004
70. 8.740 4.479 2.688 1.772 1.244 0.913 0.537 0.339 0.223 0.102 0.049 0.024 0.008
80. 9.109 4.830 3.012 2.063 1.500 1.135 0.698 0.452 0.302 0.140 0.067 0.033 0.012
90. 1.792 2.203 1.997 1.686 1.390 1.139 0.763 0.514 0.349 0.164 0.079 0.039 0.014
100. 0.369 1.308 1.519 1.456 1.294 1.108 0.776 0.532 0.364 0.172 0.083 0.041 0.014
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.408 −3.048 −2.280 −1.763 −1.388 −1.104 −0.715 −0.471 −0.315 −0.145 −0.069 −0.034 −0.012
10. −4.336 −2.979 −2.216 −1.705 −1.335 −1.059 −0.681 −0.448 −0.299 −0.138 −0.066 −0.032 −0.011
20. −4.100 −2.755 −2.010 −1.520 −1.173 −0.919 −0.582 −0.379 −0.252 −0.116 −0.056 −0.027 −0.009
30. −3.636 −2.321 −1.620 −1.180 −0.884 −0.677 −0.417 −0.269 −0.178 −0.083 −0.040 −0.020 −0.007
40. −2.761 −1.537 −0.954 −0.633 −0.444 −0.326 −0.194 −0.126 −0.085 −0.041 −0.020 −0.010 −0.004
50. −0.877 −0.057 0.147 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 4.468 2.585 1.647 1.105 0.769 0.551 0.304 0.180 0.112 0.048 0.022 0.011 0.004
70. 8.622 4.365 2.581 1.672 1.154 0.833 0.475 0.293 0.140 0.086 0.040 0.020 0.007
80. 4.965 3.061 2.094 1.515 1.138 0.878 0.551 0.362 0.243 0.114 0.055 0.027 0.009
90. 0.227 0.992 1.113 1.044 0.920 0.789 0.561 0.391 0.272 0.131 0.064 0.037 0.011
100. −0.736 0.341 0.725 0.829 0.808 0.736 0.556 0.399 0.280 0.137 0.067 0.033 0.012
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.200 −2.848 −2.090 −1.587 −1.227 −0.961 −0.603 −0.388 −0.254 −0.114 −0.054 −0.026 −0.009
10. −4.108 −2.760 −2.011 −1.517 −1.167 −0.910 −0.568 −0.365 −0.239 −0.108 −0.051 −0.024 −0.008
20. −3.800 −2.474 −1.755 −1.295 −0.980 −0.755 −0.466 −0.298 −0.196 −0.089 −0.042 −0.021 −0.007
30. −3.153 −1.892 −1.259 −0.886 −0.650 −0.492 −0.301 −0.195 −0.131 −0.062 −0.030 −0.015 −0.005
40. −1.741 −0.762 −0.404 −0.250 −0.175 −0.135 −0.093 −0.069 −0.051 −0.028 −0.014 −0.007 −0.003
50. 2.155 1.286 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.000
60. 5.732 3.062 1.847 1.190 0.802 0.558 0.292 0.165 0.099 0.040 0.017 0.008 0.003
70. 5.892 3.216 1.994 1.327 0.927 0.672 0.382 0.233 0.149 0.066 0.031 0.015 0.005
80. 2.662 1.775 1.292 0.981 0.763 0.604 0.393 0.263 0.179 0.085 0.041 0.020 0.007
90. −0.786 0.150 0.445 0.524 0.516 0.475 0.366 0.268 0.192 0.096 0.048 0.024 0.008
100. −1.506 −0.354 0.129 0.335 0.408 0.414 0.351 0.268 0.195 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.009
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.912 −2.572 −1.834 −1.354 −1.019 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.006
10. −3.784 −2.454 −1.731 −1.267 −0.948 −0.721 −0.432 −0.268 −0.171 −0.074 −0.034 −0.016 −0.006
20. −3.336 −2.055 −1.394 −0.993 −0.731 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
30. −2.256 −1.189 −0.739 −0.506 −0.369 −0.282 −0.177 −0.118 −0.081 −0.039 −0.019 −0.010 −0.003
40. 0.759 0.432 0.259 0.153 0.085 0.042 −0.002 −0.018 −0.021 −0.015 −0.009 −0.005 −0.002
50. 3.670 1.958 1.174 0.745 0.488 0.326 0.152 0.073 0.035 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000
60. 4.374 2.493 1.559 1.022 0.692 0.480 0.246 0.135 0.078 0.029 0.012 0.006 0.002
70. 3.872 2.154 1.362 0.920 0.650 0.473 0.269 0.163 0.103 0.045 0.021 0.010 0.003
80. 1.196 0.854 0.658 0.524 0.424 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.005
90. −1.503 −0.469 −0.067 0.107 0.180 0.203 0.189 0.151 0.114 0.060 0.031 0.015 0.006
100. −2.076 −0.877 −0.331 −0.057 0.079 0.142 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.006
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 30. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.497 −2.183 −1.481 −1.042 −0.751 −0.549 −0.307 −0.179 −0.108 −0.043 −0.019 −0.009 −0.003
10. −3.295 −2.007 −1.339 −0.933 −0.669 −0.489 −0.274 −0.161 −0.098 −0.040 −0.018 −0.008 −0.003
20. −2.506 −1.385 −0.880 −0.601 −0.430 −0.317 −0.183 −0.112 −0.071 −0.031 −0.014 −0.007 −0.002
30. −0.104 −0.101 −0.096 −0.090 −0.083 −0.075 −0.059 −0.045 −0.034 −0.018 −0.009 −0.005 −0.002
40. 2.278 1.167 0.674 0.411 0.257 0.162 0.063 0.022 0.005 −0.004 −0.003 −0.002 −0.001
50. 3.005 1.732 1.087 0.707 0.470 0.317 0.149 0.072 0.035 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000
60. 3.053 1.780 1.132 0.750 0.510 0.353 0.178 0.094 0.052 0.018 0.007 0.003 0.001
70. 2.431 1.315 0.815 0.543 0.379 0.273 0.151 0.089 0.055 0.023 0.010 0.005 0.002
80. 0.178 0.171 0.161 0.148 0.134 0.119 0.091 0.068 0.049 0.025 0.013 0.006 0.002
90. −2.036 −0.939 −0.466 −0.227 −0.098 −0.026 0.033 0.045 0.041 0.026 0.014 0.007 0.003
100. −2.512 −1.282 −0.693 −0.372 −0.190 −0.085 0.009 0.036 0.038 0.026 0.014 0.008 0.003
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 20. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −2.853 −1.601 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 −0.000
10. −2.447 −1.305 −0.783 −0.497 −0.325 −0.218 −0.101 −0.048 −0.024 −0.006 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
20. −0.569 −0.349 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.002 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
30. 1.370 0.662 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000 −0.000
40. 1.996 1.150 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.000 −0.000
50. 2.155 1.286 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.000
60. 1.996 1.150 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000
70. 1.370 0.662 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000
D5473/D5473M−20
TABLE1 Continued
80. −0.569 −0.349 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.002 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
90. −2.447 −1.305 −0.783 −0.497 −0.325 −0.218 −0.101 −0.048 −0.024 −0.006 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
100. −2.853 −1.601 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 0.000
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.256 −2.901 −2.140 −1.632 −1.266 −0.994 −0.626 −0.404 −0.264 −0.118 −0.056 −0.027 −0.009
10. −4.172 −2.821 −2.066 −1.565 −1.208 −0.944 −0.592 −0.380 −0.249 −0.112 −0.053 −0.025 −0.009
20. −3.895 −2.559 −1.828 −1.355 −1.027 −0.791 −0.488 −0.311 −0.204 −0.093 −0.044 −0.021 −0.007
30. −3.334 −2.041 −1.371 −0.966 −0.705 −0.529 −0.318 −0.204 −0.136 −0.064 −0.031 −0.015 −0.005
40. −2.229 −1.075 −0.577 −0.339 −0.219 −0.156 −0.098 −0.070 −0.052 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.003
50. 0.341 0.829 0.736 0.556 0.399 0.280
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5473/D5473M − 15 D5473/D5473M − 20
Standard Test Method Practice for
(Analytical Procedure for) Procedures) Analyzing the Effects
of Partial Penetration of Control Well and Determining the
Horizontal and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity in a Nonleaky
Confined Aquifer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5473/D5473M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical solution for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an
aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the aquifer to the discharge from a well that partially penetrates the aquifer.
This standard uses data derived from Test Method D4050.
1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of
aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this test method.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given
in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4105 Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015June 1, 2020. Published December 2015June 2020. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20062015 as
D5473–93(2006)D5473/D5473M, which was withdrawn July 2015 and reinstated in November 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D5473_D5473M–15.–15. DOI: 10.1520/D5473_
D5473M–20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5473/D5473M − 20
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 observation well—a well open to all or part of an aquifer.
3.2.2 unconfined aquifer—an aquifer that has a water table.
3.3 Symbols and Dimensions:
1/2
3.3.1 a [nd]—(K /K ) .
z r
3.3.2 b [L]—thickness of aquifer.
3.3.3 d [L]—distance from top of aquifer to top of screened interval of control well.
3.3.4 d' [L]—distance from top of aquifer to top of screened interval of observation well.
3.3.5 f [nd]—dimensionless drawdown factor.
s
−1
3.3.6 K[LT ]—hydraulic conductivity.
−1
3.3.7 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity in the plane of the aquifer, radially from the control well.
r
−1
3.3.8 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity normal to the plane of the aquifer.
z
3.3.9 K —modified Bessel function of the second kind and zero order.
3.3.10 l [L]—distance from top of aquifer to bottom of screened interval of control well.
3.3.11 l' [L]—distance from top of aquifer to bottom of screened interval of observation well.
3 −1
3.3.12 Q [L T ]—discharge.
3.3.13 r [L]—radial distance from control well.
3.3.14 r —distance from pumped well at which an observed drawdown deviation, δs, would occur in the equivalent isotropic
c
aquifer.
3.3.15 S [nd]—storage coefficient.
3.3.16 s [L]—drawdown.
−1
3.3.17 S [L ]—specific storage.
s
2 −1
3.3.18 T [L T ]—transmissivity.
3.3.19 u [nd]—(r S)/(4 Tt).
3.3.20 W(u) [nd]—an exponential integral known in hydrology as the well function of u.
3.3.21 W(u, f )—partial-penetration control well function.
s
3.3.22 δs[L]—drawdown deviation due to partial penetration from that given by equations for purely radial flow.
3.3.23 z [L]—distance from top of aquifer to bottom of piezometer.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method uses the deviations in drawdown near a partially penetrating control well from those that would occur near
a control well fully penetrating the aquifer. These deviations occur when a well partially penetrating the aquifer is pumped because
water levels are drawn down more near the level of the screen, and less at levels somewhat above or below the screened interval,
than they would be if the pumped well fully penetrated the aquifer. These effects are shown in Fig. 1 by comparing drawdown and
flow lines for fully penetrating and partially penetrating control wells in an isotropic aquifer. Drawdown deviations due to partial
penetration are amplified when the vertical permeability is less than the horizontal permeability, as often occurs in stratified
sediments (1). Hantush (2) has shown that at a distance, r, from the control well the drawdown deviation due to pumping a
1/2
partially penetrating well at a constant rate is the same as that at a distance r(K /K ) if the aquifers were transformed into an
z r
equivalent isotropic aquifer.
4.2 Solutions—Solutions are given by Hantush (2) for the drawdown near a partially penetrating control well being pumped at
a constant rate and tapping a homogeneous, isotropic artesian aquifer:
Q
s 5 @W~u!1f # (1)
s
4πT
where:
`
2y
e
W~u! 5 dy (2)
*
y
u
and f is the dimensionless drawdown correction factor. The function [ W(u) + f ] in Eq 1 can be referred to as the partial
s s
penetration well function.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the text.
D5473/D5473M − 20
NOTE 1—Solid lines are for a well screened in the bottom three tenths of the aquifer; dashed lines are for a well screened the full thickness.
FIG. 1 Vertical Section Showing Drawdown Lines and Approximate Flow Paths Near a Pumped Well in an Ideal Artesian Aquifer
4.2.1 The dimensionless drawdown correction factor for a piezometer is given by:
ar l d z
f 5 f u, , , , (3)
S D
s
b b b b
`
2b 1 nπl nπd nπz nπar
5 sin 2 sin cos W u,
S D S D
(
π~l 2 d! n b b b b
n51
and the solution for the dimensionless drawdown correction factor for an observation well is given by:
ar l d l' d'
f 5 f u, , , , , (4)
S D
s
b b b b b
2 `
2b 1 nπl nπd
5 ~l'2d'! sin 2 sin
S D
2 ( 2
π ~l 2 d! n b b
n51
nπl' nπd' nπar
sin 2 sin W u,
S D S D
b b b
where:
x
` exp 2y 2
S D
4y
W~m, x! 5 dy (5)
*
y
u
The hydrogeologic conditions and symbols used in connection with piezometer and well geometries are shown in Fig. 2.
2 2
4.2.2 For large values of time, that is, for t > b S/(2a T) or t > bS/(2K ), the effects of partial penetration are constant in time,
z
and W(u, (nπar)/b)) can be approximated by 2K ((nπar)/b) (2).K is the modified Bessel function of the second kind of order zero.
0 0
4.2.3 Eq 1 can be written
Q Q
s 5 W u 1 f (6)
~ !
s
4πT 4πT
The first term in Eq 6 is the drawdown in an isotropic homogeneous confined aquifer under radial flow, as given by Theis (3).
The second term is deviation from the Theis drawdown caused by partial penetration of the control well. This term is designated
as the drawdown deviation by Weeks (1) and is given by:
D5473/D5473M − 20
FIG. 2 Cross Section Through a Discharging Well That is Screened in a Part of a Nonleaky Aquifer
Q
δs 5 f (7)
s
4πT
4.2.4 The effects of partial penetration need to be considered for ar/b < 1.5. There is a response curve for each value of ar/b,
d/b, l/b, and either z/b for piezometers, or l'/ b and d'/b for observation wells. A table of dimensionless drawdown factors for
piezometers from Weeks (1) is given in Table 1 covering 56 different partial-penetration situations. A graph of one of the many
families of curves showing the dimensionless drawdown factor f versus ar/b for a control well screened, or open, from z = 0.6b
s
to z = 0.9b for various values of piezometer penetration, z/b, is shown in Fig. 3. Because of the even greater number of possible
drawdown factors for observation wells, drawdown correction factors for wells are not tabulated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Assumptions:
5.1.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.
5.1.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer.
5.1.3 The nonleaky artesian aquifer is homogeneous, and aerially extensive. The aquifer may also be anisotropic and, if so, the
directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. The methods may be used
to analyze tests on unconfined aquifers under conditions described in a following section.
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 2.
5.2 Implications of Assumptions—The vertical flow components in the aquifer are induced by a control well that partially
penetrates the aquifer, that is, a well that is not open to the aquifer through its full thickness. The effects of vertical flow components
are measured in piezometers near the control well, that is, within a distance, r, in which vertical flow components are significant,
that is:
r,1.5b =Kr/Kz (8)
5.3 Application of Method to Unconfined Aquifers:
5.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, Weeks (1) has pointed out that the solution
may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the
drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity response are small. The effects
of gravity response become negligible after a time as given, for piezometers near the water table, by the equation:
bS
y
t 5 (9)
K
z
for values of ar/b < 0.4 and by the equation:
K
bS r
z
y
t 5 S 0.511.25 ΠD (10)
K b K
z r
for greater values of ar/b.
D5473/D5473M − 20
TABLE 1 Tabulated Values of the Dimensionless Drawdown Correction Factor
All values, including those for piezometer depth, are listed for percentages of the aquifer thickness, as measured from the top of the aquifer or from the pumped
well.
The f(s) values listed are for an isotropic aquifer. For an anisotropic aquifer the value of f(s) would be read as the value of r/b[Kz/Kr) ⁄2], expressed as a
percentage, equivalent to the r value listed.
Each of the tables listed below may also be used for the situation where values for the bottom and the top of the screen are reversed by reading the z value in the
table equivalent to (100 z) for the field situation. For example, the first table listed could also be used to determine values of fs for a well screened from the top of
the aquifer down to a depth equal to 90 % of the adapter thickness. If the piezometers penetrated 20 % of the aquifer thickness, the correction value for a given r/b
value would be found from the z = 80 listing.
Frequently it would be necessary to make a double or triple interpolation to use the data from these tables. Such interpolation probably would be best
accomplished from a plot of f(s) versus log r/b for each of the d/b, zw/b, and z/b values bounding the actual values of these parameters.
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 100. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 90. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.828 −3.457 −2.674 −2.134 −1.732 −1.421 −0.972 −0.673 −0.468 −0.229 −0.113 −0.056 −0.020
10. −4.785 −3.415 −2.633 −2.095 −1.696 −1.387 −0.944 −0.650 −0.451 −0.219 −0.219 −0.053 −0.019
20. −4.651 −3.284 −2.506 −1.976 −1.585 −1.284 −0.860 −0.584 −0.400 −0.191 −0.093 −0.046 −0.016
30. −4.408 −3.048 −2.280 −1.763 −1.388 −1.104 −0.715 −0.471 −0.315 −0.145 −0.069 −0.034 −0.012
40. −4.020 −2.674 −1.925 −1.434 −1.086 −0.833 −0.503 −0.312 −0.198 −0.085 −0.039 −0.018 −0.006
50. −3.415 −2.095 −1.387 −0.944 −0.650 −0.451 −0.219 −0.108 −0.053 −0.013 −0.003 −0.001 0.000
60. −2.444 −1.185 −0.566 −0.225 −0.035 0.067 0.138 0.135 0.111 0.063 0.033 0.017 0.006
70. −0.736 0.341 0.725 0.829 0.808 0.736 0.556 0.399 0.280 0.137 0.067 0.033 0.012
80. 2.897 3.170 2.791 2.312 1.875 1.511 0.983 0.648 0.432 0.199 0.095 0.046 0.016
90. 13.344 8.218 5.575 3.974 2.926 2.207 1.322 0.831 0.539 0.241 0.113 0.055 0.019
100. 21.264 11.404 7.087 4.778 3.395 2.499 1.454 0.899 0.578 0.256 0.120 0.058 0.020
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 80. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.785 −3.415 −2.633 −2.095 −1.696 −1.387 −0.944 −0.650 −0.451 −0.219 −0.108 −0.053 −0.019
10. −4.739 −3.371 −2.590 −2.055 −1.658 −1.352 −0.916 −0.628 −0.434 −0.210 −0.103 −0.051 −0.018
20. −4.597 −3.232 −2.457 −1.929 −1.542 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.015
30. −4.336 −2.979 −2.216 −1.705 −1.335 −1.059 −0.681 −0.448 −0.299 −0.138 −0.066 −0.032 −0.011
40. −3.912 −2.572 −1.834 −1.354 −1.019 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.006
50. −3.232 −1.929 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 0.000
60. −2.076 −0.877 −0.331 −0.057 0.079 0.142 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.006
70. 0.227 0.992 1.113 1.044 0.920 0.789 0.561 0.391 0.272 0.131 0.064 0.032 0.011
80. 6.304 4.280 3.150 2.401 1.867 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.015
90. 12.080 7.287 4.939 3.545 2.635 2.005 1.219 0.773 0.505 0.228 0.107 0.052 0.018
100. 13.344 8.218 5.575 3.973 2.926 2.207 1.322 0.831 0.539 0.241 0.113 0.055 0.019
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.710 −3.342 −2.562 −2.029 −1.634 −1.330 −0.897 −0.613 −0.423 −0.204 −0.100 −0.049 −0.017
10. −4.659 −3.293 −2.515 −1.985 −1.593 −1.293 −0.868 −0.591 −0.406 −0.195 −0.095 −0.047 −0.017
20. −4.500 −3.138 −2.368 −1.848 −1.468 −1.179 −0.778 −0.523 −0.355 −0.168 −0.082 −0.040 −0.014
30. −4.203 −2.853 −2.100 −1.601 −1.245 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.600 −0.029 −0.010
40. −3.705 −2.381 −1.666 −1.212 −0.902 −0.683 −0.408 −0.254 −0.162 −0.071 −0.033 −0.016 −0.005
50. −2.853 −1.601 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 0.000
60. −1.189 −0.230 0.100 0.218 0.251 0.248 0.206 0.157 0.115 0.059 0.030 0.015 0.005
70. 3.064 2.155 1.638 1.286 1.028 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.010
80. 7.239 4.463 3.104 2.289 1.745 1.359 0.859 0.561 0.374 0.173 0.083 0.040 0.014
90. 8.651 5.592 3.958 2.925 2.220 1.716 1.067 0.687 0.453 0.206 0.098 0.048 0.017
100. 9.019 5.915 4.223 3.134 2.382 1.840 1.140 0.731 0.481 0.218 0.103 0.050 0.017
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.597 −3.232 −2.457 −1.929 −1.542 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.015
10. −4.538 −3.175 −2.403 −1.880 −1.497 −1.206 −0.799 −0.538 −0.367 −0.174 −0.084 −0.041 −0.015
20. −4.348 −2.994 −2.233 −1.725 −1.358 −1.082 −0.705 −0.470 −0.318 −0.149 −0.072 −0.035 −0.012
30. −3.986 −2.650 −1.918 −1.442 −1.110 −0.868 −0.549 −0.358 −0.239 −0.110 −0.053 −0.026 −0.009
40. −3.336 −2.055 −1.394 −0.993 −0.731 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
50. −2.055 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
60. 1.196 0.854 0.658 0.524 0.424 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.005
70. 4.424 2.679 1.847 1.358 1.037 0.811 0.518 0.342 0.231 0.108 0.052 0.026 0.009
80. 5.634 3.670 2.622 1.958 1.502 1.174 0.745 0.488 0.326 0.152 0.073 0.035 0.012
90. 6.154 4.140 3.026 2.295 1.777 1.397 0.890 0.582 0.388 0.179 0.086 0.042 0.015
100. 6.304 4.280 3.150 2.401 1.867 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.015
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.434 −3.075 −2.307 −1.791 −1.415 −1.131 −0.739 −0.493 −0.333 −0.156 −0.075 −0.037 −0.013
10. −4.360 −3.005 −2.243 −1.732 −1.364 −1.087 −0.707 −0.470 −0.317 −0.149 −0.072 −0.035 −0.012
20. −4.119 −2.777 −2.036 −1.549 −1.205 −0.951 −0.611 −0.403 −0.271 −0.127 −0.061 −0.030 −0.010
30. −3.626 −2.327 −1.642 −1.214 −0.924 −0.719 −0.453 −0.296 −0.198 −0.092 −0.044 −0.022 −0.008
40. −2.609 −1.486 −0.976 −0.691 −0.513 −0.392 −0.243 −0.157 −0.105 −0.048 −0.023 −0.011 −0.004
50. −0.000 −0.000 −0.000 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
D5473/D5473M − 20
TABLE 1 Continued
60. 2.609 1.486 0.976 0.691 0.513 0.392 0.243 0.157 0.105 0.048 0.023 0.011 0.004
70. 3.626 2.327 1.642 1.214 0.924 0.719 0.453 0.296 0.198 0.092 0.044 0.022 0.008
80. 4.119 2.777 2.036 1.549 1.205 0.951 0.611 0.403 0.271 0.127 0.061 0.030 0.010
90. 4.360 3.005 2.243 1.732 1.364 1.087 0.707 0.470 0.317 0.149 0.072 0.035 0.012
100. 4.434 3.075 2.307 1.791 1.415 1.131 0.739 0.493 0.333 0.156 0.075 0.037 0.013
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.203 −2.853 −2.100 −1.601 −1.245 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.010
10. −4.102 −2.760 −2.017 −1.530 −1.185 −0.931 −0.593 −0.388 −0.259 −0.120 −0.057 −0.028 −0.010
20. −3.756 −2.447 −1.748 −1.305 −1.002 −0.783 −0.497 −0.325 −0.218 −0.101 −0.048 −0.024 −0.008
30. −2.949 −1.786 −1.231 −0.905 −0.691 −0.541 −0.345 −0.228 −0.154 −0.072 −0.035 −0.017 −0.006
40. −0.798 −0.569 −0.439 −0.349 −0.282 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.003
50. 1.370 0.662 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 2.224 1.370 0.929 0.662 0.488 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.003
70. 2.657 1.767 1.279 0.961 0.740 0.578 0.366 0.239 0.159 0.074 0.035 0.017 0.006
80. 2.899 1.996 1.489 1.150 0.905 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.008
90. 3.025 2.117 1.602 1.253 0.998 0.804 0.532 0.359 0.244 0.116 0.056 0.028 0.010
100. 3.064 2.155 1.638 1.286 1.028 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.010
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 20. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.336 −2.055 −1.394 −0.993 −0.731 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
10. −3.020 −1.822 −1.235 −0.886 −0.659 −0.501 −0.305 −0.193 −0.126 −0.057 −0.027 −0.013 −0.005
20. −1.576 −1.070 −0.788 −0.600 −0.467 −0.368 −0.235 −0.154 −0.102 −0.047 −0.023 −0.011 −0.004
30. −0.057 −0.248 −0.278 −0.261 −0.230 −0.197 −0.140 −0.098 −0.068 −0.033 −0.016 −0.008 −0.003
40. 0.519 0.219 0.083 0.014 −0.020 −0.036 −0.042 −0.036 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.001
50. 0.808 0.482 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 0.978 0.643 0.458 0.338 0.255 0.194 0.117 0.072 0.046 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.001
70. 1.084 0.745 0.554 0.426 0.334 0.265 0.170 0.112 0.075 0.034 0.016 0.008 0.003
80. 1.149 0.808 0.614 0.482 0.385 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.004
90. 1.185 0.843 0.647 0.514 0.415 0.338 0.229 0.157 0.109 0.053 0.026 0.013 0.005
100. 1.196 0.854 0.658 0.524 0.424 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.005
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 90. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 80. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.743 −3.373 −2.592 −2.057 −1.660 −1.354 −0.916 −0.628 −0.434 −0.210 −0.103 −0.051 −0.018
10. −4.694 −3.326 −2.547 −2.015 −1.621 −1.318 −0.887 −0.606 −0.417 −0.201 −0.098 −0.048 −0.017
20. −4.547 −3.179 −2.407 −1.883 −1.499 −1.207 −0.799 −0.538 −0.366 −0.174 −0.084 −0.041 −0.015
30. −4.263 −2.910 −2.151 −1.666 −1.283 −1.013 −0.648 −0.425 −0.283 −0.131 −0.062 −0.030 −0.011
40. −3.803 −2.470 −1.747 −1.274 −0.952 −0.722 −0.431 −0.267 −0.170 −0.074 −0.034 −0.016 −0.006
50. −3.048 −1.763 −1.104 −0.715 −0.471 −0.315 −0.145 −0.069 −0.034 −0.008 −0.002 −0.001 0.000
60. −1.708 −0.569 −0.096 0.111 0.193 0.218 0.198 0.156 0.116 0.061 0.031 0.015 0.006
70. 1.189 1.644 1.500 1.258 1.032 0.843 0.566 0.384 0.263 0.125 0.061 0.030 0.011
80. 9.712 5.389 3.509 2.491 1.859 1.431 0.895 0.582 0.387 0.179 0.086 0.042 0.015
90. 10.816 6.356 4.303 3.117 2.344 1.803 1.115 0.716 0.471 0.214 0.101 0.049 0.017
100. 5.425 5.032 4.064 3.168 2.457 1.915 1.190 0.763 0.500 0.226 0.107 0.052 0.018
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.651 −3.284 −2.506 −1.976 −1.585 −1.284 −1.860 0.584 −0.400 −0.191 −0.093 −0.046 −0.016
10. −4.597 −3.232 −2.457 −1.929 −1.542 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.015
20. −4.424 −3.085 −2.299 −1.784 −1.409 −1.127 −0.737 −0.492 −0.333 −0.157 −0.076 −0.037 −0.013
30. −4.100 −2.755 −2.010 −1.520 1.173 −0.919 −0.582 −0.379 −0.252 −0.116 −0.056 −0.027 −0.009
40. −3.547 −2.235 −1.536 −1.101 −0.810 −0.069 −0.361 −0.224 −0.144 −0.064 −0.030 −0.014 −0.005
50. −2.572 −1.354 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.004 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
60. −0.562 0.248 0.433 0.439 0.395 0.339 0.240 0.168 0.117 0.057 0.028 0.014 0.005
70. 4.965 3.061 2.094 1.515 1.138 0.878 0.551 0.362 0.243 0.114 0.055 0.027 0.009
80. 9.410 5.109 3.260 2.277 1.680 1.283 0.796 0.517 0.344 0.160 0.076 0.037 0.013
90. 6.304 4.280 3.150 2.401 1.867 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.015
100. 2.897 3.170 2.791 2.312 1.875 1.511 0.983 0.648 0.432 0.199 0.095 0.046 0.016
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.520 −3.157 −2.384 −1.861 −1.478 −1.187 −0.782 −0.524 −0.355 −0.167 −0.081 −0.039 −0.014
10. −4.455 −3.095 −2.326 −1.808 −1.431 −1.145 −0.750 −0.501 −0.334 −0.159 −0.077 −0.037 −0.013
20. −4.247 −2.897 −2.142 −1.641 −1.282 −1.015 −0.654 −0.432 −0.290 −0.136 −0.065 −0.032 −0.011
30. −3.845 −2.517 −1.797 −1.335 −1.017 −0.789 −0.494 −0.321 −0.213 −0.009 −0.047 −0.023 −0.008
40. −3.108 −1.848 −1.217 −0.847 −0.613 −0.458 −0.273 −0.173 −0.114 −0.052 −0.025 −0.012 −0.004
50. −1.601 −0.626 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
60. 2.410 1.533 1.066 0.774 0.577 0.440 0.269 0.172 0.113 0.052 0.025 0.012 0.004
70. 6.144 3.458 2.220 1.534 1.113 0.836 0.506 0.374 0.214 0.099 0.047 0.023 0.008
80 6.547 3.837 2.566 1.840 1.378 1.062 0.666 0.435 0.291 0.136 0.065 0.032 0.011
90 3.757 2.780 2.176 1.735 1.395 1.127 0.746 0.500 0.338 0.159 0.077 0.037 0.013
100. 1.318 1.905 1.838 1.609 1.358 1.129 0.767 0.520 0.354 0.167 0.081 0.039 0.014
D5473/D5473M − 20
TABLE 1 Continued
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.336 −2.979 −2.216 −1.705 −1.335 −1.059 −0.681 −0.448 −0.299 −0.138 −0.066 −0.032 −0.011
10. −4.254 −2.902 −2.145 −1.642 −1.280 −1.012 −0.648 −0.425 −0.284 −0.131 −0.063 −0.030 −0.011
20. −3.986 −2.650 −1.918 −1.442 −1.110 −0.868 −0.549 −0.358 −0.239 −0.110 −0.053 −0.026 −0.009
30. −3.430 −2.146 −1.482 −1.076 −0.809 −0.672 −0.388 −0.253 −0.169 −0.079 −0.038 −0.019 −0.007
40. −2.256 −1.189 −0.739 −0.506 −0.369 −0.282 −0.177 −0.118 −0.081 −0.039 −0.019 −0.010 −0.003
50. 0.854 0.524 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 3.872 2.154 1.362 0.920 0.650 0.473 0.269 0.163 0.103 0.045 0.021 0.010 0.003
70. 4.716 2.823 1.871 1.310 0.953 0.714 0.428 0.271 0.177 0.081 0.038 0.019 0.007
80. 4.424 2.679 1.847 1.358 1.037 0.811 0.518 0.342 0.231 0.108 0.052 0.026 0.009
90. 2.114 1.701 1.410 1.172 0.973 0.807 0.554 0.380 0.262 0.125 0.061 0.030 0.011
100. 0.227 0.992 1.113 1.044 0.920 0.789 0.561 0.391 0.272 0.131 0.064 0.032 0.011
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.078 −2.732 −1.985 −1.494 −1.147 −0.893 −0.557 −0.357 −0.234 −0.105 −0.050 −0.024 −0.008
10. −3.966 −2.629 −1.894 −1.417 −1.083 −0.840 −0.523 −0.336 −0.220 −0.100 −0.047 −0.023 0.008
20. −3.577 −2.279 −1.596 −1.171 −0.885 −0.683 −0.424 −0.274 −0.181 −0.083 −0.040 −0.019 −0.007
30. −2.658 −1.533 −1.021 −0.734 −0.552 −0.428 −0.272 −0.180 −0.122 −0.058 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
40. −0.153 −0.148 −0.141 −0.132 −0.122 −0.111 −0.088 −0.068 −0.051 −0.027 −0.014 −0.007 −0.003
50. 2.327 1.214 0.719 0.453 0.296 0.198 0.092 0.044 0.022 0.005 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 3.158 1.881 1.228 0.840 0.592 0.428 0.237 0.139 0.086 0.036 0.016 0.008 0.003
70. 3.336 2.052 1.389 0.988 0.726 0.547 0.328 0.207 0.135 0.061 0.029 0.014 0.005
80. 2.899 1.761 1.228 0.917 0.711 0.564 0.368 0.247 0.168 0.080 0.039 0.019 0.007
90. 0.961 0.896 0.807 0.709 0.612 0.523 0.374 0.264 0.185 0.091 0.045 0.022 0.008
100. −0.575 0.305 0.548 0.588 0.555 0.497 0.373 0.269 0.191 0.095 0.047 0.023 0.008
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 30. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.705 −2.381 −1.666 −1.212 −0.902 −0.683 −0.408 −0.254 −0.162 −0.071 −0.033 −0.016 −0.005
10. −3.528 −2.227 −1.540 −1.113 −0.827 −0.627 −0.376 −0.235 −0.151 −0.067 −0.031 −0.015 −0.005
20. −2.844 −1.684 −1.134 −0.815 −0.608 −0.465 −0.286 −0.183 −0.120 −0.055 −0.026 −0.013 −0.004
30. −0.798 −0.569 −0.439 −0.349 −0.283 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.003
40. 1.264 0.560 0.271 0.130 0.055 0.015 −0.019 −0.026 −0.024 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.002
50. 1.996 1.150 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 2.260 1.388 0.927 0.643 0.457 0.331 0.181 0.104 0.063 0.025 0.011 0.005 0.002
70. 2.224 1.370 0.929 0.662 0.488 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.003
80. 1.767 1.041 0.719 0.539 0.421 0.338 0.225 0.154 0.106 0.051 0.025 0.012 0.004
90. 0.106 0.277 0.328 0.330 0.309 0.279 0.213 0.157 0.113 0.057 0.029 0.014 0.005
100. −1.189 −0.230 0.100 0.218 0.251 0.248 0.206 0.157 0.115 0.059 0.030 0.015 0.005
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 20. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.123 −1.854 −1.211 −0.830 −0.588 −0.428 −0.239 −0.141 −0.087 −0.036 −0.016 −0.008 −0.003
10. −2.768 −1.594 −1.035 −0.714 −0.511 −0.375 −0.213 −0.128 −0.080 −0.034 −0.015 −0.007 −0.002
20. −1.137 −0.754 −0.542 −0.404 −0.307 −0.237 −0.145 −0.092 −0.060 −0.027 −0.013 −0.006 −0.002
30. 0.565 0.152 0.008 −0.046 −0.065 −0.068 −0.058 −0.044 −0.033 −0.017 −0.008 −0.004 −0.002
40. 1.167 0.603 0.370 0.221 0.133 0.078 0.024 0.003 −0.004 −0.006 −0.004 −0.002 −0.001
50. 1.411 0.851 0.554 0.372 0.253 0.174 0.083 0.041 0.020 0.005 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 1.467 0.904 0.605 0.419 0.296 0.114 0.114 0.063 0.037 0.014 0.006 0.003 0.000
70. 1.344 0.802 0.530 0.369 0.266 0.197 0.115 0.071 0.045 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.002
80. 0.899 0.471 0.303 0.221 0.173 0.140 0.096 0.068 0.048 0.024 0.012 0.006 0.002
90. −0.552 −0.211 −0.056 0.020 0.056 0.071 0.073 0.061 0.047 0.026 0.013 0.007 0.002
100. −1.670 −0.653 −0.260 −0.084 −0.000 0.039 0.062 0.057 0.046 0.026 0.014 0.007 0.003
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 10. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −2.055 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
10. −1.070 −0.600 −0.368 −0.235 −0.154 −0.102 −0.047 −0.023 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
20. 0.219 −0.014 −0.036 −0.042 −0.036 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000 −0.000
30. 0.643 0.338 0.194 0.117 0.072 0.046 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000 −0.000
40. 0.808 0.482 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000 −0.000
50. 0.854 0.524 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 0.808 0.482 0.311 0.207 0.140 0.096 0.046 0.022 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
70. 0.643 0.338 0.194 0.117 0.072 0.046 0.020 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
80. 0.219 0.014 −0.036 −0.042 −0.036 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.004 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000 0.000
90. −1.070 −0.600 −0.368 −0.235 −0.154 −0.102 −0.047 −0.023 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
100. −2.054 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 80. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.560 −3.196 −2.421 −1.895 −1.509 −1.215 −0.803 −0.539 −0.366 −0.172 −0.083 −0.041 −0.014
10. −4.500 −3.137 −2.366 −1.844 −1.463 −1.174 −0.771 −0.516 −0.349 −0.164 −0.079 −0.039 −0.014
D5473/D5473M − 20
TABLE 1 Continued
20. −4.306 −2.952 −2.192 −1.685 −1.320 −1.047 −0.676 −0.447 −0.300 −0.140 −0.067 −0.033 −0.012
30. −3.937 −2.601 −1.868 −1.393 −1.063 −0.825 −0.515 −0.334 −0.221 −0.102 −0.049 −0.024 −0.008
40. −3.292 −1.999 −1.330 −0.927 −0.668 −0.495 −0.240 −0.182 −0.119 −0.054 −0.026 −0.013 −0.004
50. −2.095 −0.944 −0.451 −0.219 −0.108 −0.053 −0.003 −0.003 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
60. 0.584 1.065 0.962 0.768 0.596 0.460 0.282 0.180 0.118 0.054 0.026 0.013 0.004
70. 8.740 4.479 2.688 1.772 1.244 0.913 0.537 0.339 0.223 0.102 0.049 0.024 0.008
80. 9.109 4.830 3.012 2.063 1.500 1.135 0.698 0.452 0.302 0.140 0.067 0.033 0.012
90. 1.792 2.203 1.997 1.686 1.390 1.139 0.763 0.514 0.349 0.164 0.079 0.039 0.014
100. 0.369 1.308 1.519 1.456 1.294 1.108 0.776 0.532 0.364 0.172 0.083 0.041 0.014
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.408 −3.048 −2.280 −1.763 −1.388 −1.104 −0.715 −0.471 −0.315 −0.145 −0.069 −0.034 −0.012
10. −4.336 −2.979 −2.216 −1.705 −1.335 −1.059 −0.681 −0.448 −0.299 −0.138 −0.066 −0.032 −0.011
20. −4.100 −2.755 −2.010 −1.520 −1.173 −0.919 −0.582 −0.379 −0.252 −0.116 −0.056 −0.027 −0.009
30. −3.636 −2.321 −1.620 −1.180 −0.884 −0.677 −0.417 −0.269 −0.178 −0.083 −0.040 −0.020 −0.007
40. −2.761 −1.537 −0.954 −0.633 −0.444 −0.326 −0.194 −0.126 −0.085 −0.041 −0.020 −0.010 −0.004
50. −0.877 −0.057 0.147 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000
60. 4.468 2.585 1.647 1.105 0.769 0.551 0.304 0.180 0.112 0.048 0.022 0.011 0.004
70. 8.622 4.365 2.581 1.672 1.154 0.833 0.475 0.293 0.140 0.086 0.040 0.020 0.007
80. 4.965 3.061 2.094 1.515 1.138 0.878 0.551 0.362 0.243 0.114 0.055 0.027 0.009
90. 0.227 0.992 1.113 1.044 0.920 0.789 0.561 0.391 0.272 0.131 0.064 0.037 0.011
100. −0.736 0.341 0.725 0.829 0.808 0.736 0.556 0.399 0.280 0.137 0.067 0.033 0.012
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.200 −2.848 −2.090 −1.587 −1.227 −0.961 −0.603 −0.388 −0.254 −0.114 −0.054 −0.026 −0.009
10. −4.108 −2.760 −2.011 −1.517 −1.167 −0.910 −0.568 −0.365 −0.239 −0.108 −0.051 −0.024 −0.008
20. −3.800 −2.474 −1.755 −1.295 −0.980 −0.755 −0.466 −0.298 −0.196 −0.089 −0.042 −0.021 −0.007
30. −3.153 −1.892 −1.259 −0.886 −0.650 −0.492 −0.301 −0.195 −0.131 −0.062 −0.030 −0.015 −0.005
40. −1.741 −0.762 −0.404 −0.250 −0.175 −0.135 −0.093 −0.069 −0.051 −0.028 −0.014 −0.007 −0.003
50. 2.155 1.286 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.000
60. 5.732 3.062 1.847 1.190 0.802 0.558 0.292 0.165 0.099 0.040 0.017 0.008 0.003
70. 5.892 3.216 1.994 1.327 0.927 0.672 0.382 0.233 0.149 0.066 0.031 0.015 0.005
80. 2.662 1.775 1.292 0.981 0.763 0.604 0.393 0.263 0.179 0.085 0.041 0.020 0.007
90. −0.786 0.150 0.445 0.524 0.516 0.475 0.366 0.268 0.192 0.096 0.048 0.024 0.008
100. −1.506 −0.354 0.129 0.335 0.408 0.414 0.351 0.268 0.195 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.009
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.912 −2.572 −1.834 −1.354 −1.019 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.006
10. −3.784 −2.454 −1.731 −1.267 −0.948 −0.721 −0.432 −0.268 −0.171 −0.074 −0.034 −0.016 −0.006
20. −3.336 −2.055 −1.394 −0.993 −0.731 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.005
30. −2.256 −1.189 −0.739 −0.506 −0.369 −0.282 −0.177 −0.118 −0.081 −0.039 −0.019 −0.010 −0.003
40. 0.759 0.432 0.259 0.153 0.085 0.042 −0.002 −0.018 −0.021 −0.015 −0.009 −0.005 −0.002
50. 3.670 1.958 1.174 0.745 0.488 0.326 0.152 0.073 0.035 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000
60. 4.374 2.493 1.559 1.022 0.692 0.480 0.246 0.135 0.078 0.029 0.012 0.006 0.002
70. 3.872 2.154 1.362 0.920 0.650 0.473 0.269 0.163 0.103 0.045 0.021 0.010 0.003
80. 1.196 0.854 0.658 0.524 0.424 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.005
90. −1.503 −0.469 −0.067 0.107 0.180 0.203 0.189 0.151 0.114 0.060 0.031 0.015 0.006
100. −2.076 −0.877 −0.331 −0.057 0.079 0.142 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.006
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 30. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.497 −2.183 −1.481 −1.042 −0.751 −0.549 −0.307 −0.179 −0.108 −0.043 −0.019 −0.009 −0.003
10. −3.295 −2.007 −1.339 −0.933 −0.669 −0.489 −0.274 −0.161 −0.098 −0.040 −0.018 −0.008 −0.003
20. −2.506 −1.385 −0.880 −0.601 −0.430 −0.317 −0.183 −0.112 −0.071 −0.031 −0.014 −0.007 −0.002
30. −0.104 −0.101 −0.096 −0.090 −0.083 −0.075 −0.059 −0.045 −0.034 −0.018 −0.009 −0.005 −0.002
40. 2.278 1.167 0.674 0.411 0.257 0.162 0.063 0.022 0.005 −0.004 −0.003 −0.002 −0.001
50. 3.005 1.732 1.087 0.707 0.470 0.317 0.149 0.072 0.035 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000
60. 3.053 1.780 1.132 0.750 0.510 0.353 0.178 0.094 0.052 0.018 0.007 0.003 0.001
70. 2.431 1.315 0.815 0.543 0.379 0.273 0.151 0.089 0.055 0.023 0.010 0.005 0.002
80. 0.178 0.171 0.161 0.148 0.134 0.119 0.091 0.068 0.049 0.025 0.013 0.006 0.002
90. −2.036 −0.939 −0.466 −0.227 −0.098 −0.026 0.033 0.045 0.041 0.026 0.014 0.007 0.003
100. −2.512 −1.282 −0.693 −0.372 −0.190 −0.085 0.009 0.036 0.038 0.026 0.014 0.008 0.003
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 20. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −2.853 −1.601 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 −0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 −0.000
10. −2.447 −1.305 −0.783 −0.497 −0.325 −0.218 −0.101 −0.048 −0.024 −0.006 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
20. −0.569 −0.349 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.002 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
30. 1.370 0.662 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000 −0.000
40. 1.996 1.150 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.000 −0.000
50. 2.155 1.286 0.830 0.553 0.374 0.255 0.122 0.059 0.029 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.000
60. 1.996 1.150 0.722 0.470 0.313 0.212 0.100 0.048 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000
70. 1.370 0.662 0.368 0.220 0.139 0.090 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000
D5473/D5473M − 20
TABLE 1 Continued
80. −0.569 −0.349 −0.231 −0.157 −0.108 −0.075 −0.037 −0.018 −0.009 −0.002 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
90. −2.447 −1.305 −0.783 −0.497 −0.325 −0.218 −0.101 −0.048 −0.024 −0.006 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
100. −2.853 −1.601 −0.981 −0.626 −0.410 0.273 −0.126 −0.060 −0.029 −0.007 −0.002 −0.000 0.000
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 70. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 60. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.256 −2.901 −2.140 −1.632 −1.266 −0.994 −0.626 −0.404 −0.264 −0.118 −0.056 −0.027 −0.009
10. −4.172 −2.821 −2.066 −1.565 −1.208 −0.944 −0.592 −0.380 −0.249 −0.112 −0.053 −0.025 −0.009
20. −3.895 −2.559 −1.828 −1.355 −1.027 −0.791 −0.488 −0.311 −0.204 −0.093 −0.044 −0.021 −0.007
30. −3.334 −2.041 −1.371 −0.966 −0.705 −0.529 −0.318 −0.204 −0.136 −0.064 −0.031 −0.015 −0.005
40. −2.229 −1.075 −0.577 −0.339 −0.219 −0.156 −0.098 −0.070 −0.052 −0.028 −0.015 −0.008 −0.003
50. 0.341 0.829 0.736 0.556 0.399 0.280 0.137 0.067 0.033 0.008 0.002 0.001 0.000
60. 8.352 4.104 2.333 1.442 0.943 0.642 0.326 0.180 0.106 0.042 0.018 0.009 0.003
70. 8.504 4.251 2.473 1.573 1.064 0.752 0.414 0.248 0.157 0.069 0.032 0.016 0.005
80. 0.820 1.293 1.176 0.967 0.775 0.621 0.405 0.271 0.184 0.088 0.043 0.021 0.007
90. −1.339 −0.219 0.228 0.402 0.450 0.440 0.359 0.269 0.195 0.098 0.049 0.024 0.009
100. −1.841 −0.626 −0.069 0.203 0.323 0.363 0.335 0.265 0.197 0.102 0.051 0.026 0.009
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 50. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −4.020 −2.674 −1.925 −1.434 −1.086 −0.833 −0.503 −0.312 −0.198 −0.085 −0.039 −0.018 −0.006
10. −3.912 −2.572 −1.834 −1.354 −1.019 −0.778 −0.467 −0.290 −0.184 −0.079 −0.036 −0.017 −0.006
20. −3.547 −2.235 −1.536 −1.101 −0.810 −0.609 −0.361 −0.224 −0.144 −0.064 −0.030 −0.014 −0.005
30. −2.761 −1.537 −0.954 −0.633 −0.444 −0.326 −0.194 −0.126 −0.085 −0.041 −0.020 −0.010 −0.004
40. −0.965 −0.144 0.059 0.089 0.072 0.045 0.006 −0.013 −0.018 −0.015 −0.009 −0.005 −0.002
50. 4.280 2.401 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000
60. 8.306 4.060 2.290 1.401 0.905 0.607 0.297 0.158 0.089 0.032 0.013 0.006 0.002
70. 4.468 2.585 1.647 1.105 0.769 0.551 0.304 0.180 0.112 0.048 0.022 0.011 0.004
80. −0.562 0.248 0.433 0.439 0.395 0.339 0.240 0.168 0.177 0.057 0.028 0.014 0.005
90. −2.076 −0.877 −0.331 −0.057 0.079 0.142 0.168 0.145 0.114 0.062 0.032 0.016 0.006
100. −2.444 −1.185 −0.566 −0.225 −0.035 0.067 0.138 0.135 0.111 0.063 0.033 0.017 0.006
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 40. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.695 −2.364 −1.638 −1.173 −0.856 −0.632 −0.355 −0.206 −0.124 −0.048 −0.021 −0.010 −0.003
10. −3.545 −2.227 −1.519 −1.075 −0.777 −0.570 −0.319 −0.186 −0.112 −0.045 −0.019 −0.009 −0.003
20. −3.013 −1.756 −1.128 −0.763 −0.535 −0.387 −0.215 −0.128 −0.080 −0.034 −0.015 −0.007 −0.002
30. −1.696 −0.719 −0.362 −0.210 −0.138 −0.100 −0.065 −0.047 −0.034 −0.018 −0.010 −0.005 −0.002
40. 2.110 1.243 0.788 0.513 0.337 0.221 0.093 0.037 0.012 −0.002 −0.003 −0.002 −0.001
50. 5.592 2.925 1.716 1.067 0.687 0.453 0.206 0.098 0.048 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.000
60. 5.637 2.969 1.758 1.107 0.724 0.487 0.235 0.120 0.065 0.021 0.008 0.003 0.001
70. 2.250 1.379 0.919 0.537 0.458 0.327 0.179 0.104 0.063 0.026 0.011 0.005 0.002
80. −1.441 −0.471 0.126 0.011 0.065 0.084 0.082 0.065 0.050 0.026 0.013 0.007 0.002
90. −2.601 −1.359 −0.755 −0.419 −0.224 −0.109 −0.002 0.031 0.036 0.026 0.015 0.008 0.003
100. −2.890 −1.605 −0.948 −0.562 −0.326 −0.180 −0.034 0.016 0.030 0.025 0.015 0.008 0.003
Bottom of Screen in Pumped Well is 30. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Top of Screen in Pumped Well is 90. Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness Below Top of Aquifer
Piez. Depth Distance of Piezometer from Pumped Well, as Per Cent of Aquifer Thickness
5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 150.00
0.0 −3.232 −1.929 −1.246 −0.829 −0.561 −0.383 −0.182 −0.089 −0.044 −0.011 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000
10. −2.994 −1.725 −1.082 −0.706 −0.470 −0.318 −0.149 −0.072 −0.035 −0.009 −0.002 −0.001 −0.000
20. −2.055 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 −0.000
30. 0.854 0.524 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 −0.000
40. 3.670 1.958 1.174 0.745 0.488 0.326 0.152 0.073 0.035 0.009 0.002 0.001 −0.000
50. 4.280 2.401 1.471 0.939 0.615 0.410 0.189 0.090 0.044 0.011 0.003 0.001 0.000
60. 3.670 1.958 1.174 0.745 0.488 0.326 0.152 0.073 0.035 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.000
70. 0.864 0.524 0.347 0.236 0.163 0.113 0.055 0.027 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
80. −2.055 −0.993 −0.552 −0.331 −0.208 −0.135 −0.060 −0.028 −0.014 −0.003 −0.001 −0.000 0.000
90. −2.994 −1.725 −1.082 −0.705 −0.470 −0.
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