ASTM D653-11

Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.
Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage.
See Appendix X1 for References.  
A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term.  
No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term.
The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable.
See Appendix X2 for Symbols.  
A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in parentheses and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by bold capital letters, as follows:
DDimensionless
FForce, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
LLength, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter
MMass, such as kilogram, gram
TTime, such as second, minute
Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”
Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL−2may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT−1may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per second, etc.
Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant.
Definitions marked with (...
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2011
• ICS: 01.040.13 - Environment. Health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.93 - Terminology for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D653-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM D653-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D7762-18e1 - Standard Practice for Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with Self-Cementing Fly Ash
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D6285-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Locating Abandoned Wells
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8038-16(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Reclamation of Recycled Aggregate Base (RAB) Material
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8053-18 - Standard Guide for Data Management and Reporting Associated with Oil and Gas Development Involving Hydraulic Fracturing
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F1953-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8408/D8408M-21 - Standard Guide for Development of Long-Term Monitoring Plans for Vapor Mitigation Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4427-23 - Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8012-18 - Standard Practice for Reclamation of Scrap and Waste Asphalt Shingles to Produce Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) for Use in Transportation Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D1140-17 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D5255-15 - Standard Practice for Certification of Personnel Engaged in the Testing of Soil and Rock
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D2487-17e1 - Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8460-22 - Standard Test Method for Quantification of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D5778-20 - Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D653 − 11
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
1. Scope* Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
Properties of Aquifers
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil,
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of
and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Prop-
standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
erties of Aquifer Systems
D4104Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are con-
tained in Terminology D7099. Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Over-
damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head
2. Referenced Documents (Slug Tests)
2 D4105Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
C150Specification for Portland Cement
leaky ConfinedAquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
C802Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
librium Method
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
D4106Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
Construction Materials
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
D558Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
Method
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3 D4186Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3 Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-
kN-m/m ))
Strain Loading
D854Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Water Pycnometer
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3 D4254Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
3
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
D4318Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
D2435Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
Plasticity Index of Soils
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D4750Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
3
Well) (Withdrawn 2010)
D4043Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
D4943Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the
Wax Method
D5084Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids.
Wall Permeameter
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
D5088Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D653–09. DOI:
Used at Waste Sites
10.1520/D0653-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D653 − 11
D5092Practice for Design and Installation of GroundWater 3.6 A number of definitions indicate the units of measure-
Monitoring Wells mentsinbracketsandwhichfollowthesymbol(s)ifgiven.The
D5269TestMethodforDeterminingTransmissivityofNon- applicable units are indicated by italic capital letters, as
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recove
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D653–09 Designation:D653–11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by theAmerican Society of Civil Engineers and theAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2This1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of
standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3Definitions1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction
Materials
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044 TestMethodfor(FieldProcedure)forInstantaneousChangeinHead(Slug)TestsforDeterminingHydraulicProperties
of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped
Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4186 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-Strain
Loading
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils D4631Test Method for Determining
Transmissivity and Storativity of Low
Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measure-
ments Using Pressure Pulse Technique
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 onTerminology for Soil,
Rock and Contained Fluids.
Current edition approved Jan.Sept. 1, 2009.2011. Published March 2009.December 2011. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
D653–08a.D653–09. DOI: 10.1520/D0653-09.10.1520/D0653-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653–11
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
D4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of F
...