ASTM D653-08a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.
Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage.
See Appendix X1 for References.
A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term.
No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term.
The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable.
See Appendix X2 for Symbols.
A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in parentheses and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by bold capital letters, as follows:
D—Dimensionless
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
L—Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter
M—Mass, such as kilogram, gram
T—Time, such as second, minute
Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”
Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL−2—may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT−1—may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per second, etc.
Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant.
Definitions marked...
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D 7099.
General Information
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Designation:D653–08a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
1. Scope* D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Prop-
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
erties of Aquifer Systems
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil,
ing Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by
rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of
Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in
standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
Head (Slug Tests)
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are con-
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
tained in Terminology D7099.
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
2. Referenced Documents leaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
2
librium Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
Method
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
D4253 TestMethodsforMaximumIndexDensityandUnit
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
kN-m/m ))
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
Plasticity Index of Soils
Water Pycnometer
D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-
Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Mea-
teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/
3 3
surements Using Pressure Pulse Technique
ft (2,700 kN-m/m ))
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
Well)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
D4044 TestMethodfor(FieldProcedure)forInstantaneous
Wall Permeameter
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Properties of Aquifers
Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground
Water Monitoring Wells
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery
for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids.
Method
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D653–08.
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
StorageCoefficientofBounded,Nonleaky,ConfinedAqui-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
fers
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653–08a
D 5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Ground Water 3.6 Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the
Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabeti-
Other Devices for Environmental Activities cally. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more
D5878 Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Sys- significant.
tems for Engineering Purposes 3.7 Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the
D6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Ap- convenienc
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D653–08 Designation:D653–08a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 Thisterminologystandarddefinestermsrelatedtosoil,rock,andcontainedfluidsfoundinthevarioussectionsofstandards
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
3 3
D698 TestMethodsforLaboratoryCompactionCharacteristicsofSoilUsingStandardEffort(12400ft-lbf/ft (600kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044 TestMethodfor(FieldProcedure)forInstantaneousChangeinHead(Slug)TestsforDeterminingHydraulicProperties
of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped
Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements
Using Pressure Pulse Technique
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells
D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery Method
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Bounded, Nonleaky, Confined Aquifers
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 onTerminology for Soil,
Rock and Contained Fluids.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2008. Published NovemberDecember 2008. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
D653–07f.D653–08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653–08a
D5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Ground Water Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices
for Environmental Activities
D5878 Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes
D6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Approaches for G
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D653–08 Designation:D653–08a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 Thisterminologystandarddefinestermsrelatedtosoil,rock,andcontainedfluidsfoundinthevarioussectionsofstandards
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
3 3
D698 TestMethodsforLaboratoryCompactionCharacteristicsofSoilUsingStandardEffort(12400ft-lbf/ft (600kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044 TestMethodfor(FieldProcedure)forInstantaneousChangeinHead(Slug)TestsforDeterminingHydraulicProperties
of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped
Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements
Using Pressure Pulse Technique
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells
D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery Method
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Bounded, Nonleaky, Confined Aquifers
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 onTerminology for Soil,
Rock and Contained Fluids.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2008. Published NovemberDecember 2008. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
D653–07f.D653–08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653–08a
D5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Ground Water Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices
for Environmental Activities
D5878 Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes
D6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Approaches for G
...
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