ASTM C210-95(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test method defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB's reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
3.2 Since this test exposes the entire sample to an isothermal temperature condition, the user should be aware that most applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may cause the IFB's dimensions to change differentially.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon reheating under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma- 4.1 The test kiln shall be capable of maintaining the
nent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon required temperature with a variation of not more than one half
reheating under prescribed conditions. a standard pyrometric cone over the hearth area during the
prescribed heating schedule. If a gas- or oil-fired kiln is used,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
it shall be of the downdraft type and of such a design as not to
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
permit the flame from the burner to impinge upon the test
information only.
specimens.The kiln atmosphere during the test shall be kept as
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
oxidizing as is practicable.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Procedure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Test Specimens and Measurements:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 Thetestspecimensshallconsistofthreebrick(Note1)
1 1
measuring 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3 in. (228 by 114 by 64 or 76
2. Referenced Documents
mm) or three pieces of these dimensions cut out of larger
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shapes.
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
NOTE1—Threesupportingbrickfromthesamelotasthetestspecimens
Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
are required also, so that the test sample is comprised of six brick.
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
5.1.2 Each specimen shall be labeled with ceramic paint,
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
and before and after heating they shall be carefully measured
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
for length (Note 2), width, and thickness. Three measurements
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single
(Note3)tothenearest0.02in.(0.5mm)shallbetakenforeach
Waveband Type)
dimension and the average of these shall be used. Each
3. Significance and Use
dimension shall be measured in three places along the longi-
tudinal center line on opposite faces, one measurement at the
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk
center of the line and one ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in from each edge.
density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test
Fig. 1 shows the location at which these measurements are to
method defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB’s
be made.
reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
NOTE 2—For classifying IFB according to Classification C155, obtain
3.2 Sincethistestexposestheentiresampletoanisothermal
the reheat change from the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension measurements only.
temperature condition, the user should be aware that most
NOTE 3—Because of the large pore size of some IFB, it is difficult to
applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may
measurebymeansofcalipersdirectlyonthebricksurfaces.Accuracymay
cause the IFB’s dimensions to change differentially.
be obtained by holding two small pieces of flat polished steel plate of
known thickness against the faces between which the dimension is to be
obtained, and calipering on the outside steel surfaces rather than directly
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
against the brick surfaces. It is permissible to use a measuring device to
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
obtain the dimensions of the brick, provided the measurements are not
Properties.
affected by large pores in the surface.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
ε1
5.2 Placing Test Specimens in Kiln:
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C210 – 95 (2007) .
Originally part of C93. DOI: 10.1520/C0210-95R14.
5.2.1 Place the test specimens in the kiln so that each will
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
rest on a 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face. Place
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
each specimen upon the 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. face of a supporting
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. brick that shall be from the same lot as the test specimen. Place
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C210 − 95 (2014)
8.2 Reheat Volume Change—When the reheat volume
change is requested, calculate it from the average measurement
for the three dimensions obtained before and after reheating, as
follows:
V 5 @~V 2 V !/V # 3100 (1)
o f o
where:
V = volume change, percent,
V = original volume, and
o
V = final volume.
f
8.3 Report—When the test is conducted for evaluating IFB
NOTE 1—The dots on the center line of each face are ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in
in accordance with Classification C155, the average linear
from each edge, and the cross on the axis is in the center. These positions
change for the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension only shall be re-
indicate the points at which three measurements for each dimensions are
ported; otherwise, or when specified, the average of the reheat
to be made.
change for the length, width, and thickness shall be reported
FIG. 1 Test Brick Showing Measurement Locations
and, if requested, the average reheat volume change.
between the test specimen and the supporting member a layer
ofsuitablerefractorymaterial,thatisnonreactiveunderthetest
9. Precision and Bias
conditions and passes an ASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve
9.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—An interlaboratory test
(equivalent to a 14-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and retained
program between six laboratories was conducted. Each labo-
on an ASTM No. 40 (425-µm) sieve (equivalent to a 35-mesh
ratory received 3 samples each of three IFBs, K-20, K-26 LI,
Tyler Standard Series). Place each specimen no closer than 1 ⁄2
and K-3000. The bricks were provided by Thermal Ceramics.
in. (38 mm) from either the other test specimens or the furnace
The laboratories participating were C.E. Minerals, Orton RRC,
wall and parts.
North American Refractories, National Refractories, Thermal
6. Temperature Measurement
Ceramics, and Premier Refracto
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2007) C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Table 1 in March 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon
reheating under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test method
defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB’s reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
3.2 Since this test exposes the entire sample to an isothermal temperature condition, the user should be aware that most
applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may cause the IFB’s dimensions to change differentially.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The test kiln shall be capable of maintaining the required temperature with a variation of not more than one half a standard
pyrometric cone over the hearth area during the prescribed heating schedule. If a gas- or oil-fired kiln is used, it shall be of the
downdraft type and of such a design as not to permit the flame from the burner to impinge upon the test specimens. The kiln
atmosphere during the test shall be kept as oxidizing as is practicable.
5. Procedure
5.1 Test Specimens and Measurements:
1 1
5.1.1 The test specimens shall consist of three brick (Note 1) measuring 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3 in. (228 by 114 by 64 or 76 mm)
or three pieces of these dimensions cut out of larger shapes.
NOTE 1—Three supporting brick from the same lot as the test specimens are required also, so that the test sample is comprised of six brick.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2014. Published April 2007November 2014. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20052007
ε1
as C210 – 95 (2005).(2007) . Originally part of C93. DOI: 10.1520/C0210-95R07E01.10.1520/C0210-95R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C210 − 95 (2014)
5.1.2 Each specimen shall be labeled with ceramic paint, and before and after heating they shall be carefully measured for length
(Note 2), width, and thickness. Three measurements (Note 3) to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) shall be taken for each dimension
and the average of these shall be used. Each dimension shall be measured in three places along the longitudinal center line on
opposite faces, one measurement at the center of the line and one ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in from each edge. Fig. 1 shows the location at
which these measurements are to be made.
NOTE 2—For classifying IFB according to Classification C155, obtain the reheat change from the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension measurements only.
NOTE 3—Because of the large pore size of some IFB, it is difficult to measure by means of calipers directly on the brick surfaces. Accuracy may be
obtained by holding two small pieces of flat polished steel plate of known thickness against the faces between which the dimension is to be obtained,
and calipering on the outside steel surfaces rather than directly against the brick surfaces. It is permissible to use a measuring device to obtain the
dimensions of the brick, provided the measurements are not affected by large pores in the surface.
5.2 Placing Test Specimens in Kiln:
5.2.1 Place the test specimens in the kiln so that each will rest on a 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face. Place each
specimen upon the 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. face of a supporting brick that shall be from the same lot as the test specimen. Place between
the test specimen and the supporting member a layer of suitable refractory material, that is nonreactive under the test conditions
and passes an ASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve (equivalent to a 14-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and retained on an ASTM No. 40
(425-μm) sieve (equivalent to a 35-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Place each specimen no closer than 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) from either
the other test specimens or the furnace wall and parts.
6. Temperature Measurement
6.1 Measure the temperature within the kiln by means of an appropriate calibrated thermocouple. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2
of Standard E230 for the tolerances and upper temperature limits for use of various thermocouples. At higher temperatures, the
thermocouple may be withdrawn and a calibrated optical or radiation pyrometer (refer to Test Method E1256) can be used. Place
the hot junction of the thermocouple or sight the pyrometer so as to register the temperature of the test specimens. Make
temperature readings at intervals not greater than 15 min. Check the kiln periodically by thermocouples, pyrometers, or pyrometric
cones (refer to Test Method C24) to ensure that temperature over the hearth does not differ by more than 25°F (14°C) or one-half
cone.
7. Test Temperature Schedules and Duration of Test
7.1 The temperature to be used for the test shall depend on the classification into which the IFB falls (see Classification C155).
7.2 The heating schedules for the various classes of IFB are given in Table 1. Maintain the maximum temperature for a period
of 24 h, and leave the specimens in the kiln until the temperature has falle
...
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