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ASTM B830-97

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Uniform Test Methods and Frequency

Standard Specification for Uniform Test Methods and Frequency

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a standard basis for uniform testing and frequency to determine physical and electrical compliance for aluminum and copper drawingstock, and aluminum and copper conductors.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are standard, with the exception of resistivity. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1996
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
B01 - Electrical Conductors
Drafting Committee
B01.02 - Methods of Test and Sampling Procedure
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM B830-97(2003) - Standard Specification for Uniform Test Methods and Frequency
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM B830-97 - Standard Specification for Uniform Test Methods and FrequencyASTM B830-97 - Standard Specification for Uniform Test Methods and Frequency
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ASTM B830-97 - Standard Specification for Uniform Test Methods and Frequency
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 830 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
1
Uniform Test Methods and Frequency
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 830; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers a standard basis for uniform 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
testing and frequency to determine physical and electrical 3.1.1 acceptable quality level (AQL)—the maximum per-
compliance for aluminum and copper drawing stock, and cent nonconforming (or the maximum number of nonconfor-
aluminum and copper conductors. mities per hundred units) that, for purposes of sampling
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are standard, with inspection, can be considered as a process average.
the exception of resistivity. The SI equivalents of inch-pound 3.1.2 average outgoing quality (AOQ)—the average quality
units may be approximate. of outgoing product, including all accepted lots or batches, plus
all lots or batches not accepted after such lots or batches have
2. Referenced Documents been effectively 100 % inspected and all nonconforming units
replaced by conforming units.
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
CPK —Process Performance Index.
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
extent referenced herein.
Capability in Relation to Spec Mean:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
USL 5 5.0
2
Determine Conformance with Specifications
LSL 5 1.0
MEAN 5 2.0
2.3 Other Documents:
Standard deviation (s) 5 0.5
National Bureau of Standards Handbook 100,Copper Wire
CPK tells the capability of a process based upon the worst case view of the
3
data.
Tables
The equation is:
Canadian Standards Association CAN/CSA-ISO 9000-1-94
CPK 5 the lesser of:
Quality Management Quality Assurance Standards Part 1:
~USL 2 MEAN! ~MEAN 2 LSL!
4
or (1)
Guidelines for Selection and Use
3s
3s
2.4 ANSI Standards:
For example:
ANSI/ISO/ASQC A3534-1-1993 Statistics-Vocabulary and
5
~5.0–2.0! ~2.0–1.0!
Symbols-Probability and General Statistical Terms
CPK 5 or (2)
1.5
1.5
ANSI/ISO/ASQC A3534-2-1993 Statistics-Vocabulary and
5
Symbols-Statistical Quality Control
5 2.0 or 0.67
ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q9004-1-1994 Quality Management and
5 0.67
5
Quality System Elements-Guidelines
A negative value for CPK indicates that the mean is outside
ANSI/ASQC C1-1996 Specification of General Require-
the specification limits. A CPK of zero indicates that the mean
5
ments for a Quality Program
is equal to one of the specification limits. A CPK between 0 and
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4-1993 Sampling Procedures and Tables
1.0 means that part of the 6 sigma limits falls outside the
5
for Inspection by Attributes
specification limits. A CPK of 1.0 means that one end of the 6
sigma limits falls on a specification limit. A CPK larger than
1.0 means that the 6 sigma limits fall completely within the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-1 on
specification limits.
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.02 on
Methods of Test and Sampling Procedure.
Capability indices are useful tools in the analysis of
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published May 1997. Originally
capability data. The most useful index is CPK, since it
published as B 830 – 93. Last previous edition B 830 – 93.
2 formulates capability in a manner that relates to shifts in the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3
mean of the distribution away from the midpoint.
Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd.,
Springfield, VA 22161.
3.1.4 lot—a group of production units of one type and size
4
Available from Canadian Standards Association, Standards Division, 178
of wire, which were produced during the same time period
Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario M9W 1R3.
5
under similar production conditions, and are presented for
Available from American National Standard Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. acceptance at the same time. The mass will be defined in the
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
B 830
ASTM document for the specific product to be tested. sampling Table 1 used, shall be considered as
...

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This specification covers a standard basis for uniform testing and frequency to determine physical and electrical compliance for aluminum and copper conductors. Diameter, tensile, resistivity and all other material properties shall be tested per specific level and acceptable quality level (AQL) and must meet the corresponding requirements. Any lot of drawing stock/wire that has been sampled and from which the number of specimens failing to comply with the requirements does not equal or exceed the appropriate reject number of the sampling used, shall be considered as complying with requirements of ASTM. Rejected lots may be screened to remove nonconforming production units by testing one specimen form each production unit in the lot for the failing characteristic. Identify and classify product, process, and service characteristics for which statistical techniques will be used as basis for the assurance and control of quality and acceptance or rejection of lots. The process performance index (CPK) shall meet the requirements of the applicable ASTM standard.
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1.1 This specification covers a standard basis for uniform testing and frequency to determine physical and electrical compliance for aluminum and copper drawing stock, and aluminum and copper conductors.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Resistivity is measured in SI units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide defines terms and introduces basic methods for probability sampling of discrete populations, areas, and bulk materials. It provides an overview of common probability sampling methods employed by users of ASTM standards. This guide also describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates.
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4.1 This guide describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates. Practice E105 provides principles for designing probability sampling plans in relation to the objectives of study, costs, and practical constraints. Practice E122 aids in specifying the required sample size. Practice E141 describes conditions to ensure validity of the results of sampling. Further description of the designs and formulas in this guide, and beyond it, can be found in textbooks (1-10).3  
4.2 Sampling, both discrete and bulk, is a clerical and physical operation. It generally involves training enumerators and technicians to use maps, directories and stop watches so as to locate designated sampling units. Once a sampling unit is located at its address, discrete sampling and area sampling enumeration proceeds to a measurement. For bulk sampling, material is extracted into a composite.  
4.3 A sampling plan consists of instructions telling how to list addresses and how to select the addresses to be measured or extracted. A frame is a listing of addresses each of which is indexed by a single integer or by an n-tuple (several integer) number. The sampled population consists of all addresses in the frame that can actually be selected and measured. It is sometimes different from a targeted population that the user would have preferred to be covered.  
4.4 A selection scheme designates which indexes constitute the sample. If certified random numbers completely control the selection scheme the sample is called a probability sample. Certified random numbers are those generated either from a table (for example, Ref (11)) that has been tested for equal digit frequencies and for serial independence, from a computer program that was checked to have a long cycle length, or from a random physical method such as tossing of a coin or a casino-quality spinner.  
4.5 The objective of sampling is often to estimate t...
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1.1 This guide defines terms and introduces basic methods for probability sampling of discrete populations, areas, and bulk materials. It provides an overview of common probability sampling methods employed by users of ASTM standards.  
1.2 Sampling may be done for the purpose of estimation, of comparison between parts of a sampled population, or for acceptance of lots. Sampling is also used for the purpose of auditing information obtained from complete enumeration of the population.  
1.3 No system of units is specified in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

ABSTRACT
This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both. It also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The creation of a standardized test method generally follows a series of steps from inception to approval and ongoing use. In all such stages there are questions of how well the test method performs.  
4.1.1 Assessments of a new or existing test method generally involve statistical planning and analysis. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.  
4.2 This standard introduces a series of phases which are recommended to be considered during the life cycle of a test method as depicted in Fig. 1. These begin with a design phase where the standard is initially prepared. A development phase involves a variety of experiments that allow further refinement and understanding of how the test method performs within a laboratory. In an evaluation phase the test method is then examined by way of interlaboratory studies resulting in precision and bias statistics which are published in the standard. Finally, the test method is subject to a monitoring phase.
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps  
4.3 All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.3  
4.4 Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory studies, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are beneficial to follow. This guide is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of conducting these procedures.  
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this guide is to provide guidelines for identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the test result. It covers the types of measurement scales used for expressing observations and test results. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements.
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2.1 This practice is intended for use by any technical investigator when investigating an incident that can be reasonably expected to be the subject of litigation. The intent is to obtain sufficient information and physical items to identify evidence associated with the incident and to preserve it for analysis.  
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5.1 Background—In a single laboratory, the limit of quantitation, LOQ, equal to ten times the standard deviation obtained under repeatability conditions extrapolated to zero concentration (s0) based on samples with close to zero concentrations has been recommended.3 A test result at this LOQ has an uncertainty of ±30 % at the 99 % confidence level.  
5.1.1 This practice uses a regression technique to determine a similar limit for a test method (PLOQ) using statistically pooled repeatability standard deviations over multiple operators/laboratories/samples from ILS data. This PLOQ can be used by industry to assess the reliability of a test method, or, compare reliability of different test methods, for quantitative measurement at concentrations near zero. Similarly, quantitative test results obtained using the test method for levels at or below the PLOQ can be expected by industry to have an uncertainty of ±30 % or greater at the 95 % confidence level.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of standard regression techniques and data from an interlaboratory study to determine a lower quantitative limit for a test method. This determined lower limit represents the numerical limit at or above which the test results are considered to be quantitatively meaningful for commerce or regulatory activities by this practice. It is defined by this standard as the pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) for the test method.  
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ASTM E691-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method. This practice is also concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements. ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility and knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values or between data sources.
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4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).  
4.1.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision.  
4.1.2 Precision is reported as a standard deviation, coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation), variance, or a precision limit (a data range indicating no statistically significant difference between test results).  
4.1.3 This practice is designed only to estimate the precision of a test method. However, when accepted reference values are available for the property levels, the test result data obtained according to this practice may be used in estimating the bias of the test method. For a discussion of bias estimation and the relationships between precision, bias, and accuracy, see Practice E177.  
4.2 The procedures presented in this practice consist of three basic steps: planning the interlaboratory study, guiding the testing phase of the study, and analyzing the test result data.  
4.2.1 The planning phase includes forming the ILS task group, the study design, selection, and number of participating laborato...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method.  
1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but rather with gathering the information needed for a test method precision statement after the development stage has been successfully completed. The data obtained in the interlaboratory study may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method.  
1.3 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the development of the information needed for a precision statement, the experimental design in this practice may not be optimum for evaluating materials, apparatus, or individual laboratories.  
1.4 Field of Application—This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements.  
1.4.1 This practice ...

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ASTM D6646-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Accelerated Hydrogen Sulfide Breakthrough Capacity of Granular and Pelletized Activated Carbon

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5.1 This method compares the performance of granular or pelletized activated carbons used in odor control applications, such as sewage treatment plants, pump stations, etc. The method determines the relative breakthrough performance of activated carbon for removing hydrogen sulfide from a humidified gas stream. Other organic contaminants present in field operations may affect the H2S breakthrough capacity of the carbon; these are not addressed by this test. This test does not simulate actual conditions encountered in an odor control application, and is therefore meant only to compare the hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities of different carbons under the conditions of the laboratory test.  
5.2 This test does not duplicate conditions that an adsorber would encounter in practical service. The mass transfer zone in the 23 cm column used in this test is proportionally much larger than that in the typical bed used in industrial applications. This difference favors a carbon that functions more rapidly for removal of H2S over a carbon with slower kinetics. Also, the 1 % H2S challenge gas concentration used here engenders a significant temperature rise in the carbon bed. This effect may also differentiate between carbons in a way that is not reflected in the conditions of practical service.  
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1.2 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) less than 2.5 mm. See paragraph 5.3 if activated carbons with larger MPDs are to be tested.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
SCOPE
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1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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