ASTM D6178-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
Standard Practice for Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures for estimation of human inhalation exposure to VOCs emitted from bedding sets. The estimated inhalation exposure can be used as an input to characterization of health risks from short-term VOC exposures.
5.2 The results of exposure estimation for specific raw materials and components, or processes used in manufacturing different bedding sets, can be used to compare their relative impacts on exposures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for estimation of short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new bedding set is first brought into a house.
1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emission profile of VOCs from bedding sets.
1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products are new. Procedures described in this practice also are applicable to used bedding sets.
1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is estimated for a household member, based on location and activity patterns.
1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characterization of health risks that could result from short-term exposures to VOC emissions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
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Designation: D6178 − 14
Standard Practice for
Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile
1
Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for estimation of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
chemicals (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new Atmospheres
bedding set is first brought into a house. D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emis-
Products
sion profile of VOCs from bedding sets.
D5157 GuideforStatisticalEvaluationofIndoorAirQuality
1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of
Models
other household furnishings, usually are highest when the
D6177 Practice for Determining Emission Profiles of Vola-
products are new. Procedures described in this practice also are
tile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
applicable to used bedding sets.
D6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of
1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
Products
estimated for a household member, based on location and
activity patterns.
3. Terminology
1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characteriza-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this
tion of health risks that could result from short-term exposures
practice, refer to Terminology D1356.
to VOC emissions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 air change rate, n—the volume of outdoor air that
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
enters the indoor environment in one hour, divided by the
standard.
volume of the indoor space.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 bedding set, n—an ensemble that includes a mattress
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for sleeping and a supporting box spring.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 emission profile, n—a time-series of emission rates of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
one or more compounds.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.4 exposure scenario, n—a description of how and where
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
an estimated exposure occurs, including (1) the location and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
emission profile of the product or material that causes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
exposure, (2) the indoor environment where the individual is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
exposed to airborne emissions from the product or material,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and (3) the location and activity patterns of the exposed
individual.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6178 – 97 (2008). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6178-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6178 − 14
3.2.5 potential inhaled dose, n—the product of air concen- 6.2.2.2 Estimate the emission profile using adjusted cham-
tration to which an individual is exposed times breathing rate ber air concentrations (Practice D6177).
times duration of exposure.
6.2.2.3 Theindoorlocationforthebeddingsetisassumedto
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The potential inhaled dose is different be a bedroom.
from the dose actually absorbed by a target organ.
6.2.2.4 Selectasizeofbeddingsetthatisappropriateforthe
size of the bedroom.
3.2.6 short-term exposure, n—an exposure of one week or
6.2.3 Indoor Environment:
less in duration.
6.2.3.1 Conceptualize the indoor environment as cons
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6178 − 97 (Reapproved 2008) D6178 − 14
Standard Practice for
Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile
1
Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for estimation of short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic chemicals
(VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new bedding set is first brought into a house.
1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emission profile of VOCs from bedding sets.
1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products
are new. Procedures described in this practice also are applicable to used bedding sets.
1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is estimated for a household member, based on location and activity
patterns.
1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characterization of health risks that could result from short-term exposures to VOC
emissions.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to its use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
D5157 Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models
D6177 Practice for Determining Emission Profiles of Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
D6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air change rate, n—the volume of outdoor air that enters the indoor environment in one hour, divided by the volume of
the indoor space.
3.2.2 bedding set, n—an ensemble that includes a mattress for sleeping and a supporting box spring.
3.2.3 emission profile, n—a time-series of emission rates of one or more compounds.
3.2.4 exposure scenario, n—a description of how and where an estimated exposure occurs, including (1) the location and
emission profile of the product or material that causes exposure, (2) the indoor environment where the individual is exposed to
airborne emissions from the product or material, and (3) the location and activity patterns of the exposed individual.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008Oct. 15, 2014. Published July 2008November 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D6178 - 97D6178 – 97 (2008).(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D6178-97R08.10.1520/D6178-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6178 − 14
3.2.5 potential inhaled dose, n—the product of air concentration to which an individual is exposed times breathing rate times
duration of exposure.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
The potential inhaled dose is different from the dose actually absorbed by a target organ.
3.2.6 short-term exposure, n—an exposure of one week or less in duration.
–2
3.2.7 volatile organic chemical, n—an organic compound with saturation vapor pressure greater than 10 kPa at 25°C.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice describes procedures for estimation of inhalation exposure to VOCs emitted from new bedding sets
(“Assessment of Potential Hea
...
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