ASTM D202-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In the buyer-seller relationship it is necessary that an understanding exists as to the expected nominal characteristics of the product, and the magnitude of permissible departure from the nominal values. Also, it is necessary that an agreement be reached as to how many units of a lot can fall outside of the specification limits without rejection of the lot. It is this latter subject that is addressed by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.
1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually cellulosic), which may contain various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent mechanical treatments such as creping.
1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.
1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test Methods D 3376 or Methods D 3394 to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included within the scope of these methods.
1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than water. These mats may have thicknesses approaching 2 mm, and may contain fibers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
ProcedureSectionsASTM or TAPPI
Reference
(Modified) Absorption (Rise of Water) 78 to 83... Acidity-Alkalinity-pH 45 to 54E 70 Air Resistance 98 to 101D 726 Aqueous Extract Conductivity 55 to 64... Ash Content 40 to 44D 586 Bursting Strength102 to 107D 774 Chlorides (Water-Extractable)165 to 183... Conditioning 15D 6054 Conducting Paths138 to 151... Density, Apparent 29 to 33... Dielectric Strength152 to 157D 149 Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and
Cores 16 to 24D 374 Dissipation Factor and Permittivity158 to 164D 150 Edge-Tearing Resistance126 to 130D 827 Fiber Analysis 74 to 77D 1030 Folding Endurance108 to 110T 423 and D2176 Grammage 25 to 28D 646 Permittivity158 to 164D 150 Heat Stability in Air131 to 137D 827 Impregnation Time 84 to 91... Internal-Tearing Resistance121 to 125D 689 or T414 Moisture Content 34 to 39D 644 and D3277 Particulate Copper193 to 202... Particulate Iron184 to 192... Reagents 4D 1193 Reports 14E 29 Sampling 6 to 13D 3636 Silver Tarnishing by Paper and
Paperboard203 to 206T 444 Solvent-Soluble Matter 65 to 73... Surface Friction 92 to 97D 528 and T455 Tensile Properties111 to 120D 76, E4 Thickness (see Dimensions) 16 to 24D 374
1.3 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification D 1930, which has been withdrawn.
Note 1—This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC Publication 60554-2. Not all of the individual methods included herein are included in IEC 60554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 60554-2 included in t...
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Designation: D202 − 08
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
ASTM or TAPPI
Reference
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
Procedure Sections (Modified)
testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or Absorption (Rise of Water) 78 to 83 .
Acidity-Alkalinity-pH 45 to 54 E70
as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical
Air Resistance 98 to 101 D726
insulating purposes.
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 55 to 64 .
1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid Ash Content 40 to 44 D586
Bursting Strength 102 to 107 D774/D774M
down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually
Chlorides (Water-Extractable) 165 to 183 .
cellulosic), which may contain various amounts of nonfibrous
Conditioning 15 D6054
Conducting Paths 138 to 151 .
ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain
Density, Apparent 29 to 33 .
desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods
Dielectric Strength 152 to 157 D149
are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers
Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and 16 to 24 D374
Cores
formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after
Dissipation Factor and Permittivity 158 to 164 D150
formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent
Edge-Tearing Resistance 126 to 130 D827
mechanical treatments such as creping.
Fiber Analysis 74 to 77 D1030
Folding Endurance 108 to 110 T 423 and D2176
1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material,
Grammage 25 to 28 D646
paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a
Permittivity 158 to 164 D150
manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or var-
Heat Stability in Air 131 to 137 D827
Impregnation Time 84 to 91 .
nish treatment.
Internal-Tearing Resistance 121 to 125 D689 or T414
1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed spe-
Moisture Content 34 to 39 D644 and D3277
cifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.)
Particulate Copper 193 to 202 .
Particulate Iron 184 to 192 .
orless.Anumberofthesetestmethodsarealsosuitableforuse
Reagents 4 D1193
on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test
Reports 14 E29
Methods D3376 or Methods D3394 to determine which tests
Sampling 6 to 13 D3636
Silver Tarnishing by Paper and 203 to 206 T 444
are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the
Paperboard
paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75
Solvent-Soluble Matter 65 to 73 .
mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included
Surface Friction 92 to 97 D528 and T455
Tensile Properties 111 to 120 D76, E4
within the scope of these methods.
Thickness (see Dimensions) 16 to 24 D374
1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-
mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other 1.3 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the
Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this
than water. These mats may have thicknesses approaching 2
mm,andmaycontainfibersthatarenatural,synthetic,organic, compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific
to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification
or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or
inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials. D1930, which has been withdrawn.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
NOTE 1—This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC
Publication60554-2.Notalloftheindividualmethodsincludedhereinare
included in IEC 60554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 60554-2
included in this standard. The individual procedures as described in the
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
two standards are in general sufficiently close to each other that it is
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
reasonable to expect that test results obtained by most of the procedures
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
specified in either standard will not differ significantly. However, before
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally
ε1
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D202–97(2002) . assumingthataprocedureinthesetestmethodsisexactlyequivalenttoan
DOI: 10.1520/D0202-08. IEC 60554-2 procedure, the written procedu
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D202–97 (2002) Designation: D 202 – 08
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes made to footnotes 13-15, and Section 1 September 2002.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a
constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.
1.1.1 Untreatedpapersarethin,fibroussheetsnormallylaiddownfromawatersuspensionofpulpedfibers(usuallycellulosic),
which may contain various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness
and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means,
topapersmodified(duringorafterformation)byadditions,andtopapersgivensubsequentmechanicaltreatmentssuchascreping.
1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a manufacturing
process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.
1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less.
Anumber of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer toTest Methods D3376
or Methods D3394 to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some
products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included within the scope of these
methods.
1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than
water. These mats may have thicknesses approaching 2 mm, and may contain fibers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or
inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
ASTM or TAPPI
Reference
Procedure Sections (Modified)
Absorption (Rise of Water) 78 to 83 .
Acidity-Alkalinity-pH 45 to 54 E 70
Air Resistance 98 to 101 D 726
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 55 to 64 .
Ash Content 40 to 44 D 586
Bursting Strength 102 to 107 D 774
Chlorides (Water-Extractable) 165 to 183 .
Conditioning 15 D 6054
Conducting Paths 138 to 151 .
Density, Apparent 29 to 33 .
Dielectric Strength 152 to 157 D 149
Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and 16 to 24 D 374
Cores
Dissipation Factor and Permittivity 158 to 164 D 150
Edge-Tearing Resistance 126 to 130 D 827
Fiber Analysis 74 to 77 D 1030
Folding Endurance 108 to 110 T 423 and D2176
Grammage 25 to 28 D 646
Permittivity 158 to 164 D 150
Heat Stability in Air 131 to 137 D 827
Impregnation Time 84 to 91 .
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD09onElectricalandElectronicInsulatingMaterialsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published March 1998. Originally published as D202–24T. Last previous edition D202–92.
´1
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D202–97(2002) .
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D202–08
Internal-Tearing Resistance 121 to 125 D 689 or T414
Moisture Content 34 to 39 D 644 and D3277
Particulate Copper 193 to 202 .
Particulate Iron 184 to 192 .
Reagents 4 D 1193
Reports 14 E 29
Sampling 6 to 13 D 3636
Silver Tarnishing by Paper and 203 to 206 T 444
Paperboard
Solvent-Soluble Matter 65 to 73 .
Surface Friction 92 to 97 D 528 and T455
Tensile Properties 111 to 120 D 76, E4
Thickness (see Dimensions) 16 to 24 D 374
1.3 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this c
...
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