ASTM D1304-99(2020)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Adhesives Relative to Their Use as Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Adhesives Relative to Their Use as Electrical Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Insulating materials are used to isolate components of an electrical system from each other and from ground, as well as to provide mechanical support for the components. For this purpose, it is generally desirable to have the insulation resistance as high as possible, consistent with acceptable mechanical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties. Since insulation resistance or conductance combines both volume and surface resistance or conductance, its measured value is most useful when the test specimen and electrodes have the same form as is required in actual use. Surface resistance or conductance changes rapidly with humidity, while volume resistance or conductance changes slowly although the final change may eventually be greater.
4.2 Resistivity or conductivity is used to predict, indirectly, the low-frequency dielectric breakdown and dissipation factor properties of some materials. Resistivity or conductivity is often used as an indirect measure of moisture content, degree of cure, mechanical continuity, and deterioration of various types. The usefulness of these indirect measurements is dependent on the degree of correlation established by supporting theoretical or experimental investigations. A decrease of surface resistance will result either in an increase of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the electric field intensity is reduced, or a decrease of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the area under stress is increased.
4.3 All the dielectric resistances or conductances depend on the length of time of electrification and on the value of applied voltage (in addition to the usual environmental variables). These must be known to make the measured value of resistance or conductance meaningful.
4.4 Volume resistivity or conductivity is used as an aid in designing an insulator for a specific application. The change of resistivity or conductivity with temperature and humidity may be great, and must be known when designing for operating co...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing adhesives in liquid, highly viscous, solid, or set states, that are intended to be cured by electronic heating, or that are intended to provide electrical insulation, or that are intended for use in electrical apparatus.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
(1) Procedure for Testing Adhesives Before Use:
Section
Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Liquid Adhesives
7
Direct-Current Conductivity
8
Extract Conductivity
9
Acidity and Alkalinity
10
pH Value
11
(2) Procedures for Testing Properties of Adhesives As Used:
Section
Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of a Dried or Cured Adhesive Film
12
Dielectric Strength
13
Volume and Surface Resistivity
14
Arc Resistance
15
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D1304 − 99 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Adhesives Relative to Their Use as Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—An editorial correction was made to 17.1 in January 2020.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing adhe-
D115Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-
sives in liquid, highly viscous, solid, or set states, that are
nishes Used for Electrical Insulation
intended to be cured by electronic heating, or that are intended
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
to provide electrical insulation, or that are intended for use in
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
electrical apparatus.
D202Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
(1) Procedure for Testing Adhesives Before Use:
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Section Insulating Materials
Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Liquid Adhesives 7
D495Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
Direct-Current Conductivity 8
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Extract Conductivity 9
Acidity and Alkalinity 10
D897Test Method forTensile Properties ofAdhesive Bonds
pH Value 11
D907Terminology of Adhesives
(2) Procedures for Testing Properties of Adhesives As Used:
3. Terminology
Section
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in these test methods are
Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of a Dried or Cured Adhesive
defined in Terminology D907.
Film 12
Dielectric Strength 13
Volume and Surface Resistivity 14
4. Significance and Use
Arc Resistance 15
4.1 Insulatingmaterialsareusedtoisolatecomponentsofan
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
electrical system from each other and from ground, as well as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to provide mechanical support for the components. For this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
purpose, it is generally desirable to have the insulation resis-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tance as high as possible, consistent with acceptable
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mechanical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties. Since
For a specific hazard statement, see 8.2.
insulation resistance or conductance combines both volume
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
and surface resistance or conductance, its measured value is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
most useful when the test specimen and electrodes have the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
same form as is required in actual use. Surface resistance or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
conductance changes rapidly with humidity, while volume
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
resistance or conductance changes slowly although the final
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
change may eventually be greater.
4.2 Resistivity or conductivity is used to predict, indirectly,
the low-frequency dielectric breakdown and dissipation factor
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
Bonding Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1304–99 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1304-99R20E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1304 − 99 (2020)
properties of some materials. Resistivity or conductivity is 7. Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Liquid
often used as an indirect measure of moisture content, degree Adhesives
of cure, mechanical continuity, and deterioration of various
7.1 Procedure—Test the adhesive and report in accordance
types.The usefulness of these indirect measurements is depen-
with the procedure specified for liquids inTest Methods D150.
dent on the degree of correlation established by supporting
8. Direct-Current Conductivity
theoretical or experimental investigations. A decrease of sur-
face resistance will result either in an increase of the dielectric
8.1 Procedure—Determine volume resistivity and report in
breakdown voltage because the electric field intensity is accordance with Test Methods D257, except as follows: Make
reduced, or a decrease of the dielectric breakdown voltage volumeresistivitymeasurementswithanelectrificationtimeof
because the area under stress is increased. 1min,amaximumpotentialgradientof15V/mil,andwiththe
materialatatemperatureof73.4 62°F.Determinethevolume
4.3 All the dielectric resistances or conductances depend on
resistivity of a weighed amount of suitable reagent grade
the length of time of electrification and on the value of applied
solvent as selected or agreed upon by the manufacturer and
voltage (in addition to the usual environmental variables).
user or as specified in the specification or purchase order. This
Thesemustbeknowntomakethemeasuredvalueofresistance
resistivity, ρ , shall be no less than 2.0×10 Ω·cm. Without
or conductance meaningful.
removing the solvent from the container, add sufficient adhe-
sive to result in a 2.0 6 0.1 weight percent total solids content
4.4 Volume resistivity or conductivity is used as an aid in
solution. Weigh adhesives in solid sheet or film form directly.
designing an insulator for a specific application.The change of
Foradhesivesinaliquidstatedeterminethetotalsolidscontent
resistivity or conductivity with temperature and humidity may
by the following method before adding to the above solvent.
be great, and must be known when designing for operating
conditions. Volume resistivity or conductivity determinations
8.2 Pour approximately 10 g of the sample into a low-form
are often used in checking the uniformity of an insulating weighing bottle, cover, and weigh. After removing the cover
material, either with regard to processing or to detect conduc- apply heat at 70°C until the sample reaches constant weight
tive impurities that affect the quality of the material and that (seeWarning).Thencoolthesampleinadesiccatorandweigh.
may not be readily detectable by other methods. (Warning—Care should be exercised when volatile materials
are of such a nature as to constitute toxic, fire, or explosive
21 19
4.5 Volume resistivities above 10 Ω·cm (10 Ω·m), ob-
hazard.)
tained on specimens under usual laboratory conditions, are of
8.3 Calculations—Calculatethepercentageoftotalsolidsas
doubtful validity, considering the limitations of commonly
follows:
used measuring equipment.
Totalsolids, percent 5 wtofresidue/wtofsample 3100 (1)
4.6 Surface resistance or conductance cannot be measured
8.4 Stirthedriedadhesiveintothesolventwithacleanglass
accurately,onlyapproximated,becausesomedegreeofvolume
rod until all the adhesive is dissolved. Return the cell to the
resistance or conductance is always involved in the measure-
solution and raise and lower it in the solution several times.
ment. The measured value is also affected by the surface
Determine volume resistivity of the solution ρ and calculate
contamination. Surface contamination, and its rate of
conductivity, σ , as follows:
accumulation, is affected by many factors including electro-
static charging and interfacial tension. These, in turn, may σ~ micromhocm! 51/ρ 21/ρ (2)
0 1
affect the surface resistivity. Surface resistivity or conductivity
9. Extract Conductivity
can be considered
...
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