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ASTM E779-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization

Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Air leakage accounts for a significant portion of the thermal space conditioning load. In addition, it affects occupant comfort and indoor air quality.
In most commercial or industrial buildings, outdoor air is often introduced by design; however, air leakage is a significant addition to the designed outdoor airflow. In most residential buildings, indoor-outdoor air exchange is attributable primarily to air leakage through cracks and construction joints and is induced by pressure differences due to temperature differences, wind, operation of auxiliary fans (for example, kitchen and bathroom exhausts), and the operation of combustion equipment in the building.
The fan-pressurization method is simpler than tracer gas measurements and is intended to characterize the air tightness of the building envelope. It is used to compare the relative air tightness of several similar buildings to identify the leakage sources and rates of leakage from different components of the same building envelope, and to determine the air leakage reduction for individual retrofit measures applied incrementally to an existing building, and to determine ventilation rates when combined with weather and leak location information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures air-leakage rates through a building envelope under controlled pressurization and de-pressurization.
1.2 This test method is applicable to small temperature differentials and low-wind pressure differential, therefore strong winds and large indoor-outdoor temperature differentials shall be avoided.
1.3 This test method is intended to quantify the air tightness of a building envelope. This test method does not measure air change rate or air leakage rate under normal weather conditions and building operation.
Note 1—See Test Method E741 to directly measure air-change rates using the tracer gas dilution method  
1.4 This test method is intended to be used for measuring the air tightness of building envelopes of single-zone buildings. For the purpose of this test method, many multi-zone buildings can be treated as single-zone buildings by opening interior doors or by inducing equal pressures in adjacent zones.
1.5 Only metric SI units of measurement are used in this standard. If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in parentheses, the second value may be approximate. The first stated value is the requirement.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2010
ICS
91.140.30 - Ventilation and air-conditioning systems
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.41 - Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E779-03 - Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Replaced By
ASTM E779-10(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
Effective Date
15-Jul-2018
Referred By
ASTM D8445-22a - Standard Practice for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated Enclosure
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1998-11(2018) - Standard Guide for Assessing Depressurization-Induced Backdrafting and Spillage from Vented Combustion Appliances
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1186-22 - Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7297-21 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Residential Indoor Air Quality Concerns
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1258-23 - Standard Test Method for Airflow Calibration of Fan Pressurization Devices
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1827-22 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Buildings Using an Orifice Blower Door
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1554/E1554M-13(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Air Leakage of Air Distribution Systems by Fan Pressurization
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E741-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6670-18 - Standard Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM E3158-18 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Air Leakage Rate of a Large or Multizone Building
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010

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ASTM E779-10 - Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E779 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E741Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
1.1 This test method measures air-leakage rates through a
E1258Test Method for Airflow Calibration of Fan Pressur-
building envelope under controlled pressurization and de-
ization Devices
pressurization.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method is applicable to small temperature
differentials and low-wind pressure differential, therefore
3.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthistestmethod,referto
strong winds and large indoor-outdoor temperature differen-
Terminology E631.
tials shall be avoided.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Thistestmethodisintendedtoquantifytheairtightness
3.2.1 air-change rate, n—air-leakage rate in volume units/h
of a building envelope. This test method does not measure air
divided by the building space volume with identical volume
changerateorairleakagerateundernormalweatherconditions
units, normally expressed as air changes/h, ACH.
and building operation.
3.2.2 air-leakage, n—the movement/flow of air through the
NOTE 1—See Test Method E741 to directly measure air-change rates building envelope, which is driven by either or both positive
using the tracer gas dilution method.
(infiltration) and negative (exfiltration) pressure differences
across the envelope.
1.4 This test method is intended to be used for measuring
theairtightnessofbuildingenvelopesofsingle-zonebuildings.
3.2.3 air-leakage graph, n—the graph that shows the rela-
Forthepurposeofthistestmethod,manymulti-zonebuildings
tionship of measured airflow rates to the corresponding mea-
can be treated as single-zone buildings by opening interior
sured pressure differences, plotted on a log-log scale.
doors or by inducing equal pressures in adjacent zones.
3.2.4 air-leakage rate, n—the volume of air movement/unit
1.5 Only metric SI units of measurement are used in this
time across the building envelope including airflow through
standard. If a value for measurement is followed by a value in
joints, cracks, and porous surfaces, or a combination thereof
other units in parentheses, the second value may be approxi-
driven by mechanical pressurization and de-pressurization,
mate. The first stated value is the requirement.
naturalwindpressures,orairtemperaturedifferentialsbetween
the building interior and the outdoors, or a combination
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thereof.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.5 building envelope, n—the boundary or barrier separat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ing different environmental conditions within a building and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
from the outside environment.
statements see Section 7.
3.2.6 effective leakage area, n—the area of a hole, with a
discharge coefficient of 1.0, which, witha4Pa pressure
2. Referenced Documents
difference, leaks the same as the building, also known as the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sum of the unintentional openings in the structure.
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
3.2.7 height, building, n—the vertical distance from grade
plane to the average height of the highest ceiling surface.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 3.2.8 interior volume, n—deliberately conditioned space
on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.
within a building, generally not including attics and attached
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally
structures, for example, garages, unless such spaces are con-
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E779–03. DOI:
nected to the heating and air conditioning system, such as a
10.1520/E0779-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
crawl space plenum.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.9 single zone, n—a space in which the pressure differ-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ences between any two places, differ by no more than 5% of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United S
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E779–03 Designation: E779 – 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers a standardized technique for measuring air-leakage rates through a building envelope under
controlled pressurization and de-pressurization.
1.2Thistestmethodisapplicabletosmalltemperaturedifferentialsandlow-windpressureconditions.Fortestsconductedinthe
field, it must be recognized that field conditions may be less than ideal. Nevertheless, strong winds and large indoor-outdoor
temperature differentials should be avoided.
1.3This test method is intended to produce a measure of air tightness of a building envelope.This test method does not measure
airleakageratesundernormalconditionsofweatherandbuildingoperation.Tomeasureair-changeratedirectly,usethetracergas
dilution method (see Test Method E1258).
1.4This test method is intended for the measurement of the airtightness of building envelopes of single-zone buildings. For the
purpose of this test method, many multi-zone buildings can be treated as single-zone buildings by opening interior doors or by
inducing equal pressures in adjacent zones.
1.5
1.1 This test method measures air-leakage rates through a building envelope under controlled pressurization and de-
pressurization.
1.2 This test method is applicable to small temperature differentials and low-wind pressure differential, therefore strong winds
and large indoor-outdoor temperature differentials shall be avoided.
1.3 This test method is intended to quantify the air tightness of a building envelope. This test method does not measure air
change rate or air leakage rate under normal weather conditions and building operation.
NOTE 1—See Test Method E741 to directly measure air-change rates using the tracer gas dilution method
1.4 This test method is intended to be used for measuring the air tightness of building envelopes of single-zone buildings. For
the purpose of this test method, many multi-zone buildings can be treated as single-zone buildings by opening interior doors or
by inducing equal pressures in adjacent zones.
1.5 Only metric SI units of measurement are used in this standard. If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other
units in parentheses, the second value may be approximate. The first stated value is the requirement.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
E1258 Test Method for Airflow Calibration of Fan Pressurization Devices
3. Terminology
3.1
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE06onPerformanceofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.41onAirLeakage
and Ventilation.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E779–99. DOI:
10.1520/E0779-03.on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E779–03. DOI:
10.1520/E0779-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E779 – 10
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1.
3.2.1 air-change rate, n—air-leakage rate in volume units/h divided by the building space volume with identical volume units,
normally expressed as air cha
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Field Performance of Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Successful kitchen exhaust hood performance requires the complete capture and containment of the effluent plume along the hood’s entire perimeter. Any effluent leakage moving beyond 3 in. from the hood face will be deemed as having escaped from the hood, even if it may appear to be have been drawn back into the hood. If effluent spills from the hood, hot and greasy kitchens may be the result and the cause of the performance failure needs to be determined and corrected. Oftentimes, the exhaust flow rate needs to be increased to achieve proper hood performance for particular field conditions. As a result, the supply air to the kitchen will need to be increased to maintain the air balance. However, drafty room conditions due to incorrectly placed supply diffusers, cross drafts from windows and doors, return and supply at opposite ends of the kitchen, etc. could also severely degrade hood performance. Incorrectly designed supply systems may not be corrected by increasing the exhaust rate and could be corrected in a much more efficient and economical manner, such as by replacing a 4-way diffuser with a 3-way diffuser directed away from the hood. Likewise, if the plume is strongly captured, the hood may be over-exhausting and reducing the exhaust rate could be considered, along with a corresponding reduction of room supply air to maintain the building’s air balance.  
5.2 An appropriate airflow balance ensures adequate replacement air for the necessary exhaust conditions and allows the desired air pressure distribution to be maintained.  
5.3 Negative air pressure in the kitchen with respect to the adjacent indoor spaces ensures that the air flow is from these spaces into the kitchen so that odors and cooking effluent are contained within the kitchen. However, too great a pressure imbalance will severely degrade hood performance by creating a wind tunnel effect. Negative air pressure in the dining area with respect to the outside is usually an indication that the su...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to measure and validate successful design, installation and commissioning of commercial kitchen HVAC and makeup air systems for specific installations.  
1.2 This test method field evaluates commercial kitchen ventilation system airflows and pressures.  
1.3 This test method field evaluates visual hood capture and containment performance.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The data generated is specific to the field conditions as installed.  
1.6 This test method may involve hazardous materials, gasses (for example, CO) operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1704-12(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Capture and Containment Performance of Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Ventilation Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.  
5.2 Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:  
5.2.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.  
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.  
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):  
1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.  
1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F2474.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2886/E2886M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of exterior vents that mount vertically or horizontally to resist the entry of embers and flame penetration through the vent.
Note 3: A comparison study between the vertical air flow apparatus and a horizontal air flow apparatus, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has been conducted. A summary of the results of that comparison study are presented in Section X1.3 of the Appendix.  
5.2 Flame Intrusion Test—Refer to the Significant and Use Section in Test Method E2912 for information related to the direct flame impingement on the vent.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes two individual methods to evaluate the ability of a gable end, crawl space (foundation) and other vents that mount on a vertical wall or in the under-eave area to resist the entry through the vent opening of embers and flame. The ability of such vents to completely exclude entry of flames or embers is not evaluated. Roof ridge and off-ridge (field) vents are excluded from this standard. Acceptance criteria are not provided in this standard.
Note 1: Test Method E2912 records information relevant to evaluate completely excluding the entry of flames through the venting device.  
1.2 Ember entry and flame penetration are evaluated separately using different test procedures. A commentary and summary of the development of the ember test apparatus are given in Appendix X1.  
1.3 These laboratory tests are used to evaluate the response of vents when subjected to ember and flame exposures under controlled conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for dimensions in figures and text in this document shall be ±5 %.  
1.6 This test method does not address interior fire spread.  
1.7 The standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessments of the materials, products or assemblies and other cladding materials under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1668-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Externally Applied Reflective Insulation Systems on Rigid Duct in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements, and the corresponding test methods, for the evaluation of reflective insulation systems that are applied externally to rigid ducts in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems operating at specified temperatures. The products covered here are classified into five types according to the substrate material used, namely: Type A, product with polyethylene foam substrate; Type B, product with polyethylene bubble pack substrate; Type C, product with fiberglass substrate; Type D, product with polyester fiber substrate; and Type E, product with kraft paper substrate. Properly sampled specimens shall undergo test procedure to examine their conformance with the following requirements: emittance; water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; aging resistance; adhesive performance (bleeding and delamination); pliability; fungi resistance; thermal resistance; and hot-surface performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements and physical properties of reflective insulation systems applied externally to Rigid Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) duct systems operating at or below 250°F (121.1°C). These insulation systems consist of one or more low-emittance surfaces, such as metallic foil or metallic deposits, mounted on substrates to produce reflective air spaces. Reflective insulation systems derive thermal performance from surfaces with an emittance of no greater than 0.1 facing enclosed air spaces.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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