ASTM E28-99(2009)

Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In general, with materials of these types, softening does not take place at a definite temperature. As the temperature rises, these materials gradually change from brittle or exceedingly thick and slow-flowing materials to softer and less viscous liquids. For this reason, the determination of the softening point must be made by a fixed, arbitrary, and closely defined method if the results obtained are to be comparable.
In these test methods, the softening point is defined as the temperature at which a disk of the sample held within a horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of 25.4 mm (1 in.) under the weight of a steel ball as the sample is heated at 5°C/min in a water, glycerin, silicone oil, ethylene glycol/water or glycerin/water bath.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin and terpene resins) and similar materials by means of the ring-and-ball apparatus.
Note 1—For testing asphalts, tars, and pitches, see Test Method D 36.  
1.1.1 Test method using the manual ring and ball softening point apparatus, and
1.1.2 Test method using an automated ring and ball softening point apparatus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2009
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E28-99(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6090-23 - Standard Test Method for Softening Point Resins (Mettler Cup and Ball Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4730-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Flooding Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B32-20 - Standard Specification for Solder Metal
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D804-12(2022) - Standard Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3642-13(2021) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Certain Alkali-Soluble Resins
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6493-11(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Hydrocarbon Resins and Rosin Based Resins by Automated Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D509-20 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Grading Rosin
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E28 − 99 (Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Methods for
Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by
1
Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE28;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope rises, these materials gradually change from brittle or exceed-
ingly thick and slow-flowing materials to softer and less
1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the
viscous liquids. For this reason, the determination of the
softening point of resins (including rosin and terpene resins)
softening point must be made by a fixed, arbitrary, and closely
and similar materials by means of the ring-and-ball apparatus.
defined method if the results obtained are to be comparable.
NOTE 1—For testing asphalts, tars, and pitches, see Test Method D36.
3.2 In these test methods, the softening point is defined as
1.1.1 Test method using the manual ring and ball softening
the temperature at which a disk of the sample held within a
point apparatus, and
horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of 25.4 mm(1
1.1.2 Test method using an automated ring and ball soften-
in.) under the weight of a steel ball as the sample is heated at
ing point apparatus.
5°C/mininawater,glycerin,siliconeoil,ethyleneglycol/water
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
or glycerin/water bath.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Sample Preparation
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1 Preparation of Sample by the Pour Method:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.1 This procedure is suitable for materials that can be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- heated and poured without adverse effects on the softening
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
point.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1.2 Select a sample representative of the material to be
tested.Thesampleshouldconsistofflakes,pastilles,orfreshly
2. Referenced Documents
broken lumps free of oxidized surfaces. Avoid inclusion of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
finely divided material or dust.
D36TestMethodforSofteningPointofBitumen(Ring-and-
4.1.3 Selectaquantityatleasttwicethatnecessarytofillthe
Ball Apparatus)
desired number of rings, and melt it immediately in a clean
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
container, using an oven, hot plate, sand bath or oil bath to
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
prevent local overheating. Take care to avoid incorporating air
ASTM Test Methods
bubbles in the sample. Melt the sample completely, but do not
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
heat it above a temperature necessary to pour the material
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
readily. The time from the beginning of heating to the pouring
of the sample should not exceed 15 min.
3. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—For materials that may be heat sensitive, continuously inert
3.1 In general, with materials of these types, softening does
the flask containing the test specimen with nitrogen (N ) during the
not take place at a definite temperature. As the temperature 2
remelting procedure.
1 4.1.4 Formaterialsthattendtocrackorshrinkintheringon
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
cooling, immediately before filling the ring, preheat the ring to
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon
approximately the temperature at which the material is to be
Resins.
poured. The ring, while being filled, should rest bottom down
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
on a suitable metal surface. Pour the sample into the ring so as
approvedin1936.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asE28–99(2004).DOI:
10.1520/E0028-99R09.
to leave an excess on cooling.After cooling a minimum of 30
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
min, trim off the excess resin on the periphery of the ring. To
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
remove excess resin from the top, cut the excess material off
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cleanlywithaslightlyheatedknifeorspatula,orgraspthering
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

------------------
...