ASTM D3887-96(2008)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)
ABSTRACT
This specification details the test methods and tolerances applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield; mass (weight); width; length; fabric count; bursting strength; moisture regain; thickness; extractable matter; and fiber composition. These tolerances are applicable to knitted fabrics of all types, such as warp knits, weft knits, flat bed knits, and so forth.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Knitted fabrics are known to exhibit inherent variations in properties. This specification lists the tolerances for each property deemed acceptable in the trade.
These tolerances can be used to determine if knitted fabrics meet specifications for properties, and provide a guide in case of dispute.
Tolerances agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller shall take precedence over those listed in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers test methods and tolerances applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield, mass (weight), width, length, fabric count, bursting strength, moisture regain, thickness, extractable matter, and fiber composition.
1.2 These tolerances are applicable to knitted fabrics of all types, such as warp knits, weft knits, flat bed knits, and so forth.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers test methods and tolerances applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield, mass (weight), width, length, fabric count, bursting strength, moisture regain, thickness, extractable matter, and fiber composition.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this practice was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3887 −96 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
1.1 This specification covers test methods and tolerances
Fabric
applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield,
D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
mass (weight), width, length, fabric count, bursting strength,
Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
moisture regain, thickness, extractable matter, and fiber com-
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
position.
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
1.2 These tolerances are applicable to knitted fabrics of all
2.2 Other Documents:
types, such as warp knits, weft knits, flat bed knits, and so 4
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
forth. 5
Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.3 Military Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
only.
spection by Attributes
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
permanent part of theASTM designation.The current editions of each test
method cited shall prevail.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 bursting strength, n—the force or pressure required to
rupture a fabric by distending it, when applied at right angles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to the plane of the fabric, under specified conditions.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles 3.1.2 commercial mass, n—billed weight (mass) as deter-
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
mined by a generally accepted method or as agreed upon
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of between the purchaser and the seller.
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The basis for determining the commer-
D2654 Test Method for Moisture in Textiles (Withdrawn cial weight (mass) of a shipment of textile product is generally
1998)
one of the following:
D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and (1) Man-Made Fibers:
Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-
(a) CMRU Basis (commercial moisture regain with un-
mercial Compositions scoured material)—the weight (mass) of unscoured,
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
moisture-free textile product plus the weight (mass) corre-
sponding to its commercial moisture regain.
(b) CMRS Basis (commercial moisture regain with
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
scoured material)—the weight (mass) of moisture-free tex-
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel.
tile product after scouring by definite prescribed methods
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3887 – 96 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/D3887-96R08.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Act of Congress, “Textile Fiber Products Identification Act,” 85th Congress,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Second Session, approved Sept. 2, 1958.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Act of Congress, “Wool Products LabellingAct of 1939,” 76th Congress,Third
the ASTM website. Session, approved Oct. 14, 1939.
3 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3887−96 (2008)
plus the weight corresponding to its commercial moisture 3.1.14 width, n—in tubular knit fabric, the perpendicular
regain. distance between the edges of a flattened tube of fabric that is
(c) CAS Basis (commercial allowance with scoured under zero tension and free from folds or wrinkles.
material)—the weight (mass) of moisture-free textile prod-
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
uct after scouring by definite prescribed methods plus the
specification, refer to Terminology D123.
weight corresponding to its commercial allowance.
(d) UN Basis (unadjusted net)—the weight (mass) of
4. Tolerances
unscoured textile product with no adjustment for the amount
4.1 The following are the tolerances for each knitted fabric
of moisture or finish, or both.
property:
(2) Wool:
Characteristic Requirements Section
(a) CC Basis (commercial composition)—the weight
(mass) of wool base as determined by definite prescribed
Yield ±5.0 % 8
Weight (mass) ±5.0 % 9
methods plus the weights (masses) of moisture and other
Width −0 to +25 mm 10
components corresponding to the commercial composition
(1 in.)
of the commercially designated material (for explanation,
Length ±2.0 % 11
Fabric count ±5.0 % 12
see Practice D2720).
Bursting strength (ball burst) ±10.0 % 13
(b) UN Basis (unadjusted net)—the weight (mass) of
Extractable matter 1.0 %, max 14
A
unscoured textile product with no adjustment for the amount
Fiber content pass 15
of moisture or finish, or other components.
A 5
Those products to which the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939 apply, shall
3.1.3 commercial moisture regain (CMR), n—a formally
conform to the requirements of that act. Other fabrics shall conform to the
requirements of the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act of 1958.
adopted,arbitraryvalue,tobeusedwiththeoven-driedmassof
textile fibers, when calculating the commercial mass of a
5. Significance and Use
shipment or delivery.
5.1 Knitted fabrics are known to exhibit inherent variations
3.1.4 course, n—in knitted fabrics, a row of successive
in properties. This specification lists the tolerances for each
loops parallel to the width direction of the fabric.
property deemed acceptable in the trade.
3.1.5 finished fabric weight, n—mass per unit area ex- 5.1.1 These tolerances can be used to determine if knitted
pressed in grams per square metre (ounces per square yard), fabrics meet specifications for properties, and provide a guide
grams per linear metre (ounces per linear yard), or inversely as in case of dispute.
metres per kilogram (linear yards per pound), or square metres
5.2 Tolerances agreed upon between the purchaser and the
per kilogram (square yards per pound).
seller shall take precedence over those listed in this specifica-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Whenweight(mass)isbasedonmetres
tion.
or linear yards, the fabric width must be stated.
6. Sampling
3.1.6 finished yield, n—in knitted fabrics, the number of
6.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
finished square metres per kilogram (square yards per pound)
at random the number of rolls as directed in an applicable
of finished fabric.
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the
3.1.7 greige yield, n— in knitted fabrics, the number of
supplier, such as an agreement to use MIL-STD-105D.
finished square metres per kilogram (square yards per pound)
6.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece in the lot
of greige fabric.
sample, cut two laboratory samples the full width of the fabric
3.1.8 knitted fabric, n—a structure produced by interlooping
and at least 375 mm (15 in.) along the selvage.
one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.
7. Conditioning
3.1.9 knitted fabric count, n—the number (counted units) of
wale and courses per 25 mm (1 in.). 7.1 Fortestsmadeonconditionedmaterial,preconditionthe
specimens by bringing them to approximate moisture equilib-
3.1.10 length, n—in fabric, the distance from one end to the
rium in the standard atmosphere for preconditioning, then
other,measuredparalleltotheselvageorflattenedtubeedgeof
bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in the
fabric that is under zero tension and free of folds and wrinkles.
standard atmosphere for testing. It shall be considered that
3.1.11 tolerances, n—in mathematics, prescribed limits of
moisture equilibrium for testing has been reached when, after
variation for specified properties of a particular material based
free exposure to air in motion, the change in weight (mass) of
on observed values obtained by specified test methods and on
the specimen at successive intervals of not less than 2 h does
samples that are representative of the material.
not exceed 0.1 % of the specimen weight (mass).
3.1.12 wale, n—in knitted fabrics, a column of successive
7.2 Properties not significantly affected by minor variations
loops parallel to the length direction of the fabric.
in atmospheric conditions may be tested in prevailing room
atmospheres by agreement of all parties concerned.
3.1.13 width, n—in open-width knit fabric, the perpendicu-
lar distance between the selvages when the fabric is laid flat, 7.3 If the samples comprise whole rolls or bolts of fabric
under zero tension, and free from folds or wrinkles. that cannot be properly conditioned in a reasonable time with
D3887−96 (2008)
the facilities available, perform the test determinations on the 9.1.2 The test results obtained from Section 7 of Test
materialwithoutconditioning.Whentestsarecarriedoutunder Method D3776 are not on a conditioned basis since there is no
conditions that vary from the standard, report the actual practical means to determine the actual moisture content of a
conditions prevailing at the time of test. It must be recognized full roll or piece.
that such results may not correspond with the results obtained 9.1.3 In case of controversy, the procedure in Section 8 of
after testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles. Test Method D3776 shall prevail.
8. Test Method—Yield
10. Test Method—Width
8.1 Determine the greige yield on unscoured or scoured
10.1 Determine the maximum usable width, exclusive of
fabric by dividing the commercial mass (weight) of the greige
gummed or taped selvages and of minor irregularities in width,
fabric, obtained as directed in Test Method D2494, into t
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