ASTM D3420-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
Standard Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Like other techniques to measure toughness, this test method provides a means to determine parameters of a material at strain rates closer to some end-use applications than provided by low-speed uniaxial tensile tests. Dynamic tensile behavior of a film is important, particularly when the film is used as a packaging material. The same uncertainties about correlations with thickness that apply to other impact tests also apply to this test (see section 3.4 of Test Methods D 1709). Hence, no provision for rationalizing to unit thickness is provided. Also, no provision is made for testing at non-ambient temperatures.
This test method includes two procedures, similar except with regard to sample size: Procedure A for 60-mm diameter and Procedure B for 89-mm diameter (commonly called the “Spencer”). The data have not been shown relatable to each other.
Several impact test methods are used for film. It is sometimes desirable to know the relationships among test results derived by different methods. A study was conducted in which four films made from two resins (polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene), with two film thicknesses for each resin, were impacted using Test Methods D 1709 (Method A), Test Method D 3420 (Procedures A and B), and Test Method D 4272. The test results are shown in Appendix X2. Differences in results between Test Methods D 1709 and D 4272 are expected since Test Methods D 1709 represents failure initiated energy while Test Method D 4272 is initiation plus completion energy. Some films have shown consistency when the initiation energy was the same as the total energy. This statement and the test data also appear in the significance and appendixes sections of Test Methods of D 1709 and D 4272.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of film to impact-puncture penetration. Knowledge of how the impact energy is absorbed by the specimen while it is deforming under the impact loading, and the behavior of the specimen after yielding, is not provided by this test. No provision is made for nonambient temperatures in this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation:D3420–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3420; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of film to impact-puncture penetration. Knowledge of how the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
impact energy is absorbed by the specimen while it is deform-
ing under the impact loading, and the behavior of the specimen
3. Terminology
afteryielding,isnotprovidedbythistest.Noprovisionismade
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to plastics not
for nonambient temperatures in this test method.
otherwise described in this test method shall be in accordance
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
with Terminology D 883.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 failure completion energy—the energy necessary to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
initiate failure plus the energy necessary to cause complete
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rupture to the test specimen.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 failure initiated energy—the energy necessary to be-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
gin failure of the test specimen.
statements are given in Section 7.
3.2.3 pendulum impact resistance—the resistance to failure
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
ofplasticfilmismeasuredbylossinmechanicalworkcapacity
due to the expenditure of kinetic energy by a pendulum.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Summary of Test Method
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
4.1 The energy necessary to burst and penetrate the center
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
of a specimen, mounted between two plates with a circular
D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
aperture, is measured by the loss in mechanical work-capacity
by the Free-Falling Dart Method
due to the expenditure of kinetic energy by a pendulum, the
D 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
rounded probe of which passes through the test specimen.
Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
Corrections for “toss factor” or kinetic energy imparted to the
D 4272 Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic
puncture fragment of the test specimen are not made, as only
Films By Dart Drop
tiny masses are involved. The pendulum head hits the speci-
D 6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic
men with a maximum velocity of about 74 m/min and a
Film Test Specimens
maximum energy of about 5 J (50 cm·kgf).
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
5.1 Like other techniques to measure toughness, this test
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
methodprovidesameanstodetermineparametersofamaterial
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3420 - 95 (2002).
at strain rates closer to some end-use applications than pro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
vided by low-speed uniaxial tensile tests. Dynamic tensile
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
behavior of a film is important, particularly when the film is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. used as a packaging material. The same uncertainties about
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3420–08
correlations with thickness that apply to other impact tests also Procedure A through the use of attachable auxiliary weights.
apply to this test (see section 3.4 of Test Methods D 1709). For Procedure B, a modified Elmendorf tester having a
Hence, no provision for rationalizing to unit thickness is capacityof1600gf(3200gfwithauxiliaryweight)isnormally
provided.Also,noprovisionismadefortestingatnon-ambient used. Pendulums of 200, 400, and 800 gf are also available.
temperatures. Equivalent energy capacities for these force capacities are as
5.2 This test me
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3420–95 (Reapproved 2002) Designation:D3420–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3420; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of film to impact-puncture penetration. Knowledge of how the
impact energy is absorbed by the specimen while it is deforming under the impact loading, and the behavior of the specimen after
yielding, is not provided by this test. No provision is made for nonambient temperatures in this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
NOTE1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D 618Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing Practice for Conditioning Plastics for
Testing
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method
D 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
D 4272Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films by Dart Drop Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic
Films By Dart Drop
D 6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to plastics not otherwise described in this test method shall be in accordance with
Terminology D 883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure completion energy—the energy necessary to initiate failure plus the energy necessary to cause complete rupture
to the test specimen.
3.2.2 failure initiated energy—the energy necessary to begin failure of the test specimen.
3.2.3 pendulum impact resistance—the resistance to failure of plastic film is measured by loss in mechanical work capacity due
to the expenditure of kinetic energy by a pendulum.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The energy necessary to burst and penetrate the center of a specimen, mounted between two plates with a circular aperture,
is measured by the loss in mechanical work-capacity due to the expenditure of kinetic energy by a pendulum, the rounded probe
of which passes through the test specimen. Corrections for “toss factor” or kinetic energy imparted to the puncture fragment of
the test specimen are not made, as only tiny masses are involved. The pendulum head hits the specimen with a maximum velocity
of about 74 m/min and a maximum energy of about 5 J (50 cm·kgf).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting .
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published August 1995. Originally published as D3420–75. Last previous edition D3420–94.
The current edition includes the addition of Note 1 and Section 15, Keywords.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3420 - 95 (2002).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3420–08
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Like other techniques to measure toughness, this test method provides a mea
...
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