ASTM D6494-99(2004)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.
This test method provides a means of evaluating exposure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the presently recommended exposure guidelines.
5.2.1 The threshold limit value (TLV) for asphalt (petroleum) fumes is 5 mg/m3 8-h TWA, (1998 Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH5 ).
This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter(as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment-0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personnel or area monitoring.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m3.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section .
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
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Designation:D6494–99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in
Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in April 2004.
1. Scope D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt
2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration
fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total
(OSHA) Methods
particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a
OSHA 58 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method
(NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
NIOSH 5023 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to
NIOSH 5042 Benzene —Soluble Fraction and Total Par-
reduce the level of background contamination providing better
ticulate (Asphalt Fume)
reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate per-
3. Terminology
sonal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for
3.1 Definitions:
personal or area monitoring.
3.1.1 asphalt fume particulate matter—particulate matter
1.4 Thesamplingmethoddevelopsatime-weightedaverage
generated during the processing of hot asphalt.
(TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to this test method,
exposure limit (STEL).
refer to Terminology D1356.
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWAsample
is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m .
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A known volume of sample air is passed through a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
PTFE filter.Asphalt fumes are removed from the air stream by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
deposition on the filter.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The asphalt fume is extracted with a known volume of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
benzene. The benzene extract is then evaporated to dryness in
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
a vacuum oven. The benzene soluble fraction (BSF) is then
2. Referenced Documents determined gravimetrically.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads
and as a roofing material and sealant.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on
5.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating expo-
SamplingandAnalysisofAtmospheresandisthedirectresponsibilityofCommittee
sure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the
D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres.
presently recommended exposure guidelines.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6494 - 99. DOI:
10.1520/D6494-99R04E01.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Salt Lake
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Technical Ctr., 1781 S. 300 W., Salt Lake City, UT 84115.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH),
the ASTM website. Cincinnati, OH.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6494–99 (2004)
5.2.1 The threshold limit value (TLV) for asphalt (petro- 7.2.11 Miscellaneous Borosilicate Glassware (Pipets, Sy-
leum) fumes is 5 mg/m 8-h TWA, (1998 Threshold Limit ringes, and so forth)—All pipets and syringes shall be cali-
Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH ). brated Class A volumetric glassware.
5.3 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method
8. Reagents
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to 8.1 Benzene—HPLC grade or equivalent with evaporation
reduce the level of background contamination providing better residue of <0.0005 %.
reproducibility.
NOTE 3—Benzene evaporation residue should be checked by evaporat-
ing 6.5 mL of benzene (see 8.1.1). Benzene with evaporation residue of
6. Interferences
greater than 0.03 mg for the 6.5 mL is unacceptable.
6.1 All materials (not just asphalt fume) collected that are
8.1.1 Add the benzene to a concentrator tube, place the tube
soluble in benzene will be included in the benzene soluble
in the heater block with a gentle flow of nitrogen. Evaporate
fraction weight.
the benzene to approximately 0.5 mL, then transfer the
6.2 Changes in temperature or humidity during pre- and
concentrate with 3 small rinses of approximately 0.2, 0.2, and
post-collection weighing may affect accuracy.
0.1 mL of benzene using a precleaned Pasteur pipet to a
preweighedweighingboat.Letstandinalaboratoryfumehood
7. Apparatus
for 1 h. Transfer the weighing boat to a vacuum oven. Allow
7.1 Sampling Apparatus:
the sample to further evaporate in the vacuum oven at ambient
7.1.1 Filter Sampling Cassette—A sampling cassette is a
temperature and 20 to 25 mm Hg vacuum for 24 h (or at least
two-pieceopaquefiltercassettecontaininga37mmpurePTFE
overnight). Slowly release vacuum. Remove weighing boats
filter with 2 µm pore size seated upon a 37 mm PTFE spacer
and reweigh. The vacuum oven should be vented into a fume
ring. PTFE filters should be preweighed (see 11.2.2) and the
hood to prevent release of benzene vapors into the work area.
cassette labeled prior to use.
8.2 Dichloromethane—HPLC grade.
7.1.1.1 Toaccuratelydeterminelowlevelsofasphaltfumes,
a low background PTFE filter is required. Filter blank values
9. Safety Precautions
shouldbecheckedpriortouse.Aminimumofthreefiltersfrom
9.1 Benzene is a known carcinogen and flammable. Dichlo-
each lot of filters should be analyzed for benzene soluble
romethane is a known animal carcinogen. Dichloromethane
contamination (see 11.2.3) prior to use.
can cause nausea and central nervous system effects. Dermal
NOTE 1—Only filters with average background contamination below contactcancauseirritationandburns.Handlingofbenzeneand
0.06 mg should be used.
methylene chloride solutions should be done in an appropriate
fume hood.
7.1.2 Personal Sampling Pumps, portable, battery-operated,
9.2 Avoid inhalation of, or skin contact with benzene,
equipped with a flow-monitoring device (rotameter, critical
asphalt extracts and methylene chloride. Impervious gloves
orifice) or a constant-flow device and capable of drawing 2
should be worn to minimize the potential for skin contact. See
L/min of air through the 2-µm PTFE filter for a period of 8 h.
MSDS for additional hazard and handling information.
7.2 Analytical Equipment:
7.2.1 Balance, electronic capable of measuring 0.01 mg.
10. Calibration
7.2.2 Polonium Antistatic Strip.
10.1 Air Sampling Pumps—Allairsamplingpumpsmustbe
7.2.3 Desiccator.
calibrated before use. For an accurate calibration, attach filters
7.2.4 Tube Heater Block.
to be used for collecting the samples to the pump prior to the
7.2.5 Concentrator Tubes,10mL.
calibration.Calibrationmaybeeffectedbydrawingairthrough
7.2.6 Gas Sparge Manifold, for nitrogen blow down of
a calibrated rotameter or through a soap bubble flowmeter.
extracts.
Pumps should be calibrated at a flow rate of 0.5 to 2.0 L/min.
7.2.7 Vacuum Oven.
10.2 Balance—Check balance calibration and adjust per
7.2.8 Filtration Unit, containing disposable 0.5 µm PTFE
manufacturer’s recommendations.
filter and syringe fitting.
7.2.9 Aluminum Weighing Cups, disposable or reusable
NOTE 4—Use of a standard 100 mg weight is recommended.
weighing cups capable of holding at least 1 mL of benzene
11. Procedure
without leakage.
11.1 Air Sampling:
NOTE 2—PTFE may be used if appropriate aluminum cups cannot be
11.1.1 Remove end plugs from opaque sampling cassette.
obtained.
Place an identifying label on the cassette.
7.2.9.1 If reusable weighing cups are used, appropriate
11.1.2 Attach the sampling device to a sample pump that
cleaning procedures must be employed to ensure no cross
has been calibrated at 0.5 to 2.0 L/min using rubber or plastic
contamination from sample to sample.
tubing. Place the back of the sampling device closest to the
7.2.10 Pasteur Pipes, disposable,
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