ASTM E60-98(2004)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
Standard Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
ABSTRACT
This practice covers general recommendations for photoelectric photometers and spectrometers and for photometric practice for chemical analysis of metals, ores, and related materials. However, this practice does not include a description of every apparatus nor does it present recommendations on every detail of practice in photometric or spectrophotometric methods of chemical analysis of metals. To improve photoelectric photometers and spectrophotometers, some suggestions related to their components are mentioned, in particular, the radiation source (illuminant), filters, monochromators, absorption cells, photosensitive tubes, and current-measuring devices. In addition, prior to using photometric methods in the chemical analysis of metals, ores, and related materials, it is recommended that a complete photometric investigation of the reaction be performed. The investigation shall involve the study of the specificity of the reagent used to produce absorption; validity of Beer's law; effects of salts, solvent, pH, temperature, concentration of reagents, and the order of adding reagents; time required for absorption development and the stability of the absorption; absorption curve of the reagent and the absorbing substances; and optimum concentration range for quantitative analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers general recommendations for photoelectric photometers and spectrophotometers and for photometric practice prescribed in ASTM methods for chemical analysis of metals, sufficient to supplement adequately the ASTM methods. A summary of the fundamental theory and practice of photometry is given. No attempt has been made, however, to include in this practice a description of every apparatus or to present recommendations on every detail of practice in ASTM photometric or spectrophotometric methods of chemical analysis of metals.
1.2 These recommendations are intended to apply to the ASTM photometric and spectrophotometric methods for chemical analysis of metals when such standards make definite reference to this practice, as covered in Section 4.
1.3 In this practice, the terms "photometric" and "photometry" encompass both filter photometers and spectrophotometers, while "spectrophotometry" is reserved for spectrophotometers alone.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E60–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by
1
Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E60; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-
Visible Quantitative Analysis
1.1 This practice covers general recommendations for pho-
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
toelectric photometers and spectrophotometers and for photo-
of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
metric practice prescribed in ASTM methods for chemical
analysis of metals, sufficient to supplement adequately the
3. Terminology Definitions and Symbols
ASTM methods. A summary of the fundamental theory and
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to absorption spectros-
practice of photometry is given. No attempt has been made,
copy, refer to Terminology E131.
however, to include in this practice a description of every
3.2 background absorption—any absorption in the solution
apparatus or to present recommendations on every detail of
duetothepresenceofabsorbingions,molecules,orcomplexes
practice inASTM photometric or spectrophotometric methods
2 of elements other than that being determined is called back-
of chemical analysis of metals.
ground absorption.
1.2 These recommendations are intended to apply to the
3.3 concentration range—the recommended concentration
ASTM photometric and spectrophotometric methods for
range shall be designated on the basis of the optical path of the
chemical analysis of metals when such standards make definite
cell, in centimetres, and the final volume of solution as
reference to this practice, as covered in Section 4.
recommended in a procedure. In general, the concentration
1.3 In this practice, the terms “photometric” and “photom-
range and path length shall be specified as that which will
etry” encompass both filter photometers and spectrophotom-
produce transmittance readings in the optimum range of the
eters, while “spectrophotometry” is reserved for spectropho-
instrument being used as covered in Section 14.
tometers alone.
3.4 initial setting— the initial setting is the photometric
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reading (usually 100 on the percentage scale or zero on the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
logarithmic scale) to which the instrument is adjusted with the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reference solution in the absorption cell. The scale will then
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
read directly in percentage transmittance or in absorbance.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.5 photometric reading—the term “photometric reading”
2. Referenced Documents refers to the scale reading of the instrument being used.
3
Available instruments have scales calibrated in transmittance,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
T, (1) or absorbance, A, (2) (see 5.2), or even arbitrary units
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
proportional to transmittance or absorbance.
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
3.6 reagent blank— the reagent blank determination yields
tative Analysis
a value for the apparent concentration of the element sought,
which is due only to the reagents used. It reflects both the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
amount of the element sought present as an impurity in the
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
reagents, and the effect of interfering species.
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
3.7 reference solution—photometric readings consist of a
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E60 – 98. DOI:
comparison of the intensities of the radiant energy transmitted
10.1520/E0060-98R04.
bytheabsorbingsolutionandtheradiantenergytransmittedby
2
For additional information on the theory and photoelectric photometry, see the
the solvent. Any solution to which the transmittance of the
list of references at the end of this practice.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a
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