ASTM E159-06

Standard Test Method for Loss of Mass in Hydrogen for Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green and sintered properties.
Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents an approximate oxygen content of the powder.
Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible constituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a measure of oxygen, reducible under the test conditions, if other interfering elements are absent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal powders: cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten.
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0 % oxygen, and for tungsten powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50 % oxygen.
1.3 This test method does not measure the oxygen contained in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al 2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and so forth that are not reduced by hydrogen at the test temperatures.
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion methods are available (see Test Methods E 1019).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2006
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E159-00 - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Loss of Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM E159-10 - Standard Test Method for Loss of Mass in a Reducing Gas Atmosphere for Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E159–06
Standard Test Method for
Loss of Mass in Hydrogen for Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten,
1
and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemassof 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal pow- can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive
ders: cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten. information on powder metallurgy is available in the Related
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron Material section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM
powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0% oxygen, and for Standards.
tungsten powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50% oxygen.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 Thistestmethoddoesnotmeasuretheoxygencontained
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a sample of
in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO ), aluminum oxide
2
(Al O ), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), powder to the action of a hydrogen-containing gas under
2 3
standardconditionsoftemperatureandtimeandmeasuringthe
titanium dioxide (TiO ), and so forth that are not reduced by
2
hydrogen at the test temperatures. resulting loss of mass.
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion
5. Significance and Use
methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).
5.1 The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and sintered properties.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
5.2 Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder
information only.
metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an approximate oxygen content of the powder.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.3 Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
stituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measureofoxygen,reducibleunderthetestconditions,ifother
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
interfering elements are absent.
2. Referenced Documents
2 6. Interferences
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 If carbon or sulfur is present, or both, are present, they
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
will be largely removed in the test. Their loss in mass is
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
included in the total loss in mass measurement and must be
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
subtracted from the total mass loss.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6.2 If metals or compounds are present that vaporize at the
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
test temperature (such as cadmium, lead, zinc, and so forth),
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
their effect is included in the loss of mass measurement and
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
must be subtracted from the total mass loss.
6.3 If some components are present that are oxidized or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
hydrided during the test, there is a gain in mass that must be
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
added to the total mass loss.
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally
7. Apparatus
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E159–00. DOI:
10.1520/E0159-06.
7.1 Furnace, capable of operating at the prescribed tem-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
perature.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 Temperature Control, capable of maintaining tempera-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tures to 615°C (627°F).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E159–06
7.3 Gastight Ceramic or Metallic Combustion Tube. 10.4.3 For iron, the time shall be 60 min.
7.4 Flow Meter, to measure flow of hydrogen.
10.4.4 For tungsten, the time shall be 60 min.
7.5 Combustion Boat, composed of alundum, quartz, or
10.5 At the end of th
...