ASTM E159-10

Standard Test Method for Loss of Mass in a Reducing Gas Atmosphere for Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green and sintered properties.
Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents an approximate oxygen content of the powder.
Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible constituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a measure of oxygen, reducible under the test conditions, if other interfering elements are absent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal powders: cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten.
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0 % oxygen, and for tungsten powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50 % oxygen.
1.3 This test method does not measure the oxygen contained in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), etc. that are not reduced by hydrogen at the test temperatures.  
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E159-06 - Standard Test Method for Loss of Mass in Hydrogen for Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E159 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Loss of Mass in a Reducing Gas Atmosphere for Cobalt,
1
Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemassof 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal pow- can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive
ders: cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten. information on powder metallurgy is available in the Related
Material section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron
Standards.
powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0% oxygen, and for
tungsten powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50% oxygen.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 Thistestmethoddoesnotmeasuretheoxygencontained
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a sample of
in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO ), aluminum oxide
2
powder to the action of a hydrogen-containing gas under
(Al O ), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO),
2 3
standardconditionsoftemperatureandtimeandmeasuringthe
titanium dioxide (TiO ), etc. that are not reduced by hydrogen
2
resulting loss of mass.
at the test temperatures.
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion
5. Significance and Use
methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).
5.1 The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and sintered properties.
standard.
5.2 Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
an approximate oxygen content of the powder.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
stituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measureofoxygen,reducibleunderthetestconditions,ifother
interfering elements are absent.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Interferences
B215Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
6.1 If carbon or sulfur is present, or both, are present, they
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
will be largely removed in the test. Their loss in mass is
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
included in the total loss in mass measurement and must be
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
subtracted from the total mass loss.
E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
6.2 If metals or compounds are present that vaporize at the
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
testtemperature(suchascadmium,lead,zinc,etc.),theireffect
is included in the loss of mass measurement and must be
subtracted from the total mass loss.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- 6.3 If some components are present that are oxidized or
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
hydrided during the test, there is a gain in mass that must be
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally
added to the total mass loss.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E159–06. DOI:
10.1520/E0159-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 Furnace, capable of operating at the prescribed tem-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. perature.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E159 − 10
7.2 Temperature Control, capable of maintaining tempera- 10.3 Ensure that the pilot flames at both ends of the tube
tures to 615°C. furnace are lit and then start the flow of hydrogen and stop the
flow of nitrogen. Record the time when the hydrogen is
7.3 Gastight Ceramic or Metallic Combustion Tube.
introduced.
7.4 Flow Meter, to measure flow of hydrogen.
10.4 Maintain a positive flow of hydrogen through the
7.5 Combu
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E159–06 Designation:E159–10
Standard Test Method for
Loss of Mass in Hydrogena Reducing Gas Atmosphere for
Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen
1
Loss)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal powders:
cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten.
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0% oxygen, and for tungsten
powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50% oxygen.
1.3 This test method does not measure the oxygen contained in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO ), aluminum oxide (Al O ),
2 2 3
magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO ), and so forth etc. that are not reduced by hydrogen at the
2
test temperatures.
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).
1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformation
only.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by
Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—DefinitionsofpowdermetallurgytermscanbefoundinTerminologyB243.Additionaldescriptiveinformation
on powder metallurgy is available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a sample of powder to the action of a hydrogen-containing gas under standard
conditions of temperature and time and measuring the resulting loss of mass.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green and sintered properties.
5.2 Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents an
approximate oxygen content of the powder.
5.3 Oxygenisthemostcommonhydrogen-reducibleconstituentofmetalpowders,andthisproceduremaybeusedasameasure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Nov.July 1, 2006.2010. Published December 2006.August 2010. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
E159–006. DOI: 10.1520/E0159-106.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E159–10
of oxygen, reducible under the test conditions, if other interfering elements are absent.
6. Interferences
6.1 If carbon or sulfur is present, or both, are present, they will be largely removed in the test. Their loss in mass is included
in the total loss in mass measurement and must be subtracted from the total mass loss.
6.2 If metals or compounds are present that vaporize at the test temperature (such as cadmium, lead, zinc, and so forth),etc.),
their effect is included in the loss of mass measurement and must be subtracted from the total mass loss.
6.3 If some components are present that are oxidized or hydrided during the test, there is a gain in mass that must be added to
the total mass loss.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Furnace, capable o
...