ASTM D4858-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Two-stroke-cycle gasoline engines are generally more prone to preignition than are four-stroke-cycle engines due to the absence of the internal cooling that takes place during the induction stroke of the four-stroke-cycle engines. Preignition can lead to major piston damage, either directly due to localized overheating or as the result of preignition-induced detonation. Some lubricant additives that are widely used in four-stroke-cycle gasoline engine oils are known to increase the probability of preignition in gasoline two-stroke-cycle engines. This procedure is used to determine the tendency of an oil to induce preignition in both water-cooled and air-cooled two-stroke-cycle gasoline engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines which are prone to preignition.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4858 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote
1
Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
2 D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubri-
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
cants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gaso-
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
line engines which are prone to preignition.
Ignition Engine Fuel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Ignition Engine Fuel
standard.
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Compari-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the son Technique
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of
LubricantstoMinimizeRingStickingandPistonDeposits
2. Referenced Documents
in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
boards
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,
D4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-
and Rolled Bar
Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
D439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline (Withdrawn
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
4
1990)
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
2.2 ANSI Standard:
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Tempera-
5
ity)
ture Measurement Thermocouples
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
3. Terminology
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
3.1 Definitions:
and Additives
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
D02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4858–02. DOI:
other inserted components.
10.1520/D4858-08.
2
3.1.2 preignition—in a spark-ignition engine,ignitionofthe
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can
mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before the
beobtainedfromtheASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAve.,Pittsburgh,PA
passage of the spark.
15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all
Information Letters through No. 01–3. 3.1.3 scuff, scuffıng—in lubrication , damage caused by
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4858 − 08
motion that does not result in immobilization of the parts.
D4863
3.1.4 spark plug fouling—deposition of essentially noncon-
ducting material onto the electrodes of a spark plug that may,
but will not necessarily, prevent the plug from operating.
D4857
3.1.5
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4858–02 Designation:D4858–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote
1
Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline
engines which are prone to preignition.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 152/B 152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
4
D 439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
4
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40°40 and 100°C 100C
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
4
D 2885 TestMethodforResearchandMotorMethodOctaneRatingsUsingOn-LineAnalyzers TestMethodforDetermination
of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D 4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other thanThan Outboards
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 ANSI Standard:
5
ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Automotive Lubricants. Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002.Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2003.2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002002 as
D 4858–002.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can be
obtained from theASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Attention:Administrator.This edition incorporates revisions in all Information
Letters through No. 01–3.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 02.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4858–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown w
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4858–02 Designation:D4858–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote
1
Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline
engines which are prone to preignition.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 152/B 152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
4
D 439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
4
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40°40 and 100°C 100C
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
4
D 2885 TestMethodforResearchandMotorMethodOctaneRatingsUsingOn-LineAnalyzers TestMethodforDetermination
of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D 4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other thanThan Outboards
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 ANSI Standard:
5
ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Automotive Lubricants. Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002.Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2003.2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002002 as
D 4858–002.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can be
obtained from theASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Attention:Administrator.This edition incorporates revisions in all Information
Letters through No. 01–3.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 02.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4858–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown w
...
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