ASTM D4395-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ elastic modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.
5.2 The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium.
5.3 This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.
1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can be obtained from this test method.
1.5 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.8 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4395 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass
1
Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test
precaution statements, see Section 8.
procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
method.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fications it could be conducted at the surface.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or per-
2. Referenced Documents
pendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the
2
design load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can
Fluids
be obtained from this test method.
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
1.5 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can
Rock for Site Exploration
be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Used in Engineering Design and Construction
Practice D6026.
D4394Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
Method
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
D4403Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
D4879Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
3
standard is beyond its scope.
ground Openings in Rock (Withdrawn 2017)
D5079Practices for Preserving andTransporting Rock Core
1.7 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3
Samples (Withdrawn 2017)
as standard, except as noted below. The values given in
D5434Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
of Soil and Rock
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be
Data
regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
D6032Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designa-
1.8 Thereferencesappendedtothisstandardcontainfurther
tion (RQD) of Rock Core
information on this test method.
3. Terminology
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4395–08. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4395-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4395 − 17
3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4395 − 08 D4395 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass
1
Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of
deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications
it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design
load.load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.
1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can be obtained from this test method.
1.5 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6.1 The method used to specifiyspecify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related
to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
standard is beyond its scope.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. standard, except as noted below. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.8 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Exploration
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4394 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
D4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
3
D4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Underground Openings in Rock (Withdrawn 2017)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008July 1, 2017. Published July 2008August 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
D4395 – 04.D4395 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D4395-08.10.1520/D4395-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4395 − 17
3
D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples (Withdrawn 2017)
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
D6026 Practice for Using Si
...
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