ASTM D4287-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear of 12 000 s-1.
1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give reproducible results with this test method. Measurements made at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to loss of volatiles and to drying.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4287–00
Standard Test Method for
1
High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts of
high-shear viscometers, this test method is more reproducible
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-
for paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined by
ity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear
−1
Test Method D1210.
of 12 000 s .
1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give
5. Apparatus
reproducibleresultswiththistestmethod.Measurementsmade
5.1 Cone/Plate Type Viscometer,with cone/speed combina-
at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to
−1
tion producing a rate of shear of 12 000 s . The viscometer
loss of volatiles and to drying.
mustprovideaviscositymeasurementrageofeither0to10(P)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or 0 to 5 (P) at the above mentioned shear rate. With higher
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
viscosity materials, other cones and speeds may be used upon
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
agreement between the producer and the user, but it should be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
noted that these may give lower shear rates not truly represen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tativeofapplicationconditions.RefertoFig.1andFig.2ofan
2. Referenced Documents analog and digital cone and plate viscometer.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The SI units for viscosity are pascal-seconds (Pa·s=10 P, 1
D1210 TestMethodforFinenessofDispersionofPigment-
mPa·s=1 cP).
2
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
6. Reagents and Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
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6.1 Water or Solvent—The viscometer should be zeroed
Pigmented Coatings
D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of according to the manufacturer’s specification. Zeroing proce-
3
Latex Paints dures that require liquid may be satisfied with water or a low
viscosity solvent such as xylene or mineral spirits.
3. Summary of Test Method
6.2 Mineral Oils—Three standard mineral oils with known
3.1 Thematerialtobetestedisplacedbetweentheconeand viscosities (certified by an approved laboratory) lying between
plate of a cone/plate viscometer, then subjected to a high shear 10 and 90% of full scale to be used for calibrating the
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rate while the viscosity is determined. instrument.
NOTE 2—Silicone oils should be avoided because of their tendency to
4. Significance and Use
contaminate instruments, containers and other equipment and because of
4.1 The viscosity value obtained by this test method gives
the possibility of shear thinning behavior at high shear rates.
information about the flow properties of the material under
7. Sampling
high-shear conditions similar to those encountered during
application: brushing (see Test Method D4958), spraying,
7.1 Take a representative sample of the product to be tested
electrostatic disk, or roll coating.
in accordance with Practice D3925. If the sample has a
4.2 This test method is suitable for all paints and varnishes
tendency to settle or separate on standing, it must be stirred or
whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not. However, due
shakenuntilhomogeneousbeforeatestspecimenistakenfrom
it. The specimen must be free of any foreign matter or air
bubbles and its volume must be sufficient to cover the portion
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
of the viscometer plate under the cone when the latter is
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
brought into contact with the plate.
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved November 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Origi-
nally published as D4287–83. Last previous edition D4287–94.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Such oils are available from The Cannon Instrument Co., P.O. Box 16, State
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02. College, PA 16801.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4287
FIG. 2 Digital Cone and Plate Viscometer
8.3 Checktheconesperiodicallyforwear.Replaceanycone
that shows a definite flattening of the apex. Some users have
founditnecessarytoreplacecones
...
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