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ASTM D5848-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The determination of the mass per unit area of pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile floor covering. Both appearance and performance may be affected by changes in mass per unit area.  
4.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparison testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties prior to testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass per unit area of machine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering both before and after an adhesive-back coating application.  
1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques for determination of mass per unit area as applicable:  
1.2.1 Section 7, for determining total mass per unit area, applies to both coated and uncoated (unfinished) pile floor coverings.  
1.2.2 Section 8, for determining component mass per unit area, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floor coverings.  
1.2.3 Section 9, for determining pile yarn mass per unit area, applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floor coverings.  
1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn floor coverings was previously contained within Test Methods D418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Methods D418 into separate standards, of which this test method is one.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only (except where shown in 1.4.1) and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 The following sections are measured in SI units: Table 1, sections 9.8.4.2, 9.8.6.3 to 9.8.6.10, A2.1, A2.2, and A2.3.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.5.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2020
ICS
97.150 - Floor coverings
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.21 - Pile Floor Coverings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D6719-22e1 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020

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ASTM D5848-20 - Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringsASTM D5848-20 - Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
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ASTM D5848-20 - Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5848 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of mass per
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
unitareaofmachine-madewoven,knitted,andtuftedpileyarn
floor covering both before and after an adhesive-back coating
2. Referenced Documents
application.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method encompasses three techniques for
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
determination of mass per unit area as applicable:
D418Test Method for Testing Pile Yarn Floor Covering
1.2.1 Section 7, for determining total mass per unit area,
3
Construction (Withdrawn 1998)
applies to both coated and uncoated (unfinished) pile floor
coverings. D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
1.2.2 Section 8, for determining component mass per unit
area, applies only to uncoated (unfinished) pile yarn floor D1909Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains
and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers
coverings.
1.2.3 Section9,fordeterminingpileyarnmassperunitarea, D5684Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
applies only to back-coated, or finished, pile yarn floor
coverings. Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
1.3 Determination of mass per unit area of pile yarn floor
D2904Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
coverings was previously contained within Test Methods
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
D418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdi-
3
drawn 2008)
videdTestMethodsD418intoseparatestandards,ofwhichthis
D2906Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
test method is one.
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Terminology
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
(exceptwhereshownin1.4.1)andarenotconsideredstandard. 3.1 FordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoPileFloorCoverings,
D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
1.4.1 ThefollowingsectionsaremeasuredinSIunits:Table
1, sections 9.8.4.2, 9.8.6.3 to 9.8.6.10, A2.1, A2.2, and A2.3.
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:back
coating, backing, backing fabric, binding sites, buried pile
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
yarn, carpet, components, extractable matter, finished, finished
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, multilevel pile, pile,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pile yarn floor covering, pile yarn mass, pitch, primary
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
backing, secondary backing, stubble, textile floor covering,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
total mass, tufted fabric.
Specific precautionary statements are given in 9.5.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Terminology D123.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ε1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5848–10 which the ASTM website.
3
was withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in February 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D5848-20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5848 − 20
4. Significance and Use covering width. For test samples le
...

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5.1 The determination of surface appearance change in pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is commonly used in trade for acceptance testing.  
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5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture. Both appearance and performance of pile yarn floor coverings can be affected by the number of binding sites per length and width.  
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5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn form the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the know bias.
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1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the number of binding sites per unit length or width of machine-made, woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering both before and after adhesive backing application.  
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5.1 The determination of pile thickness of multilevel pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and performance may be affected by changes in pile thickness of pile yarn floor coverings. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance testing.  
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5.1 This test method may be used to soil test specimens in the absence of abrasive wear and texture changes under controlled conditions using a standard synthetic soil, or as a preliminary step to other procedures.  
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4.1 This guide is useful to select test methods or practices, or both, that are commonly used in industry for evaluating pile yarn floor covering. Refer to the test method or practice cited for the property of interest for significance and use statements.
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1.1 This guide provides users with an index of procedures in the form of test methods, practices, and related documents that are currently used in industry for determination of properties of pile yarn floor covering. This guide is not considered as all-inclusive for testing procedures related to pile yarn floor covering.  
1.1.1 It is the responsibility of the user to choose from this guide those procedures that provide test information on properties of interest for pile yarn floor covering that relate to its physical and esthetic properties and performance.  
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Section  
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7  
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Fiber Analysis  
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Flammability  
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Mass per Unit Area  
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Soiling  
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Stain Resistance  
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Static  
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Tuft Element Length  
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Durability  
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Edge Ravel  
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Dimensional Stability  
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Colorfastness to Sodium  
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Installation of Commercial Carpet  
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Installation of Residential Carpet  
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Maintenance and Cleaning
of Commercial Carpet  
8.40  
Maintenance and Cleaning
of Residential Carpet  
8.41  
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1.2.1 Some of the listed procedures may cite other units as standard. In this event, language of the procedure is controlling.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of dimensional change of pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and performance may be affected by the changes in the dimensions of pile yarn floor covering. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipment because current estimates of between laboratory precision are acceptable, and this method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance testing.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of dimensional changes in the lengthwise and width-wise direction and distortion likely to occur when pile floor coverings are exposed to various conditions of moisture and heat. This method is applicable to all pile floor coverings including carpet module form.  
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ASTM D5417-21(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This equipment may be used to bring about the changes in texture on the surface of pile floor covering caused by mechanical action.  
5.2 The acceptance criteria of this practice shall be set by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the equipment and operation of the Vettermann drum tester for testing pile yarn floor covering to produce changes in appearance and color due to changes in surface structure by mechanical action.  
1.2 This practice is only applicable for use in testing unused pile floor covering of all types. It is not applicable for use in testing used pile yarn floor coverings.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6283-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tuft Element Length of Uncoated Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the tuft length of pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Both appearance and performance can be affected by changes in this characteristic.  
5.2 In case there are disputable differences between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. At a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which disputable test results were obtained, and that are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tuft length and pile yarn length of uncoated pile floor coverings.  
1.2 Usually the tuft elements measured as directed in this test method will each be bound at only one binding site, but this test method also may be used for tuft elements bound at more than one binding site, provided that every tuft element measured is bound at the same number of binding sites.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2 may be advisable.  
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5.3 This test method is useful to evaluate quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Both appearance and performance of the pile floor covering can be affected by delamination of the secondary backing.
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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