ASTM E1765-07e1

Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The AHP method allows you to generate a single measure of desirability for project alternatives with respect to multiple attributes (qualitative and quantitative). By contrast, life-cycle cost (Practice E 917), net savings (Practice E 1074), savings-to-investment ratio (Practice E 964), internal rate-of-return (Practice E 1057), and payback (Practice E 1121) methods all require you to put a monetary value on benefits and costs in order to include them in a measure of project worth.
Use AHP to evaluate a finite and generally small set of discrete and predetermined options or alternatives. Specific AHP applications are ranking and choosing among alternatives. For example, rank alternative building locations with AHP to see how they measure up to one another, or use AHP to choose among building materials to see which is best for your application.
Use AHP if no single alternative exhibits the most preferred available value or performance for all attributes. This is often the result of an underlying trade-off relationship among attributes. An example is the trade-off between low desired energy costs and large glass window areas (which may raise heating and cooling costs while lowering lighting costs).
Use AHP to evaluate alternatives whose attributes are not all measurable in the same units. Also use AHP when performance relative to some or all of the attributes is impractical, impossible, or too costly to measure. For example, while life-cycle costs are directly measured in monetary units, the number and size of offices are measured in other units, and the public image of a building may not be practically measurable in any unit. To help you choose among candidate buildings with these diverse attributes, use AHP to evaluate your alternatives.
Potential users of AHP include architects, developers, owners, or lessors of buildings, real estate professionals (commercial and residential), facility managers, building material manufacturers, and agencies managing buildi...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and interpreting AHP scores of a project's total overall desirability when making building-related capital investment decisions.  
1.2 In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability, quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2007
• ICS: 03.100.50 - Production. Production management
• ICS: 91.010.99 - Other aspects
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.81 - Building Economics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1765-07 - Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM E1765-11 - Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2204-15(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Summarizing the Economic Impacts of Building-Related Projects
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E964-15(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1074-15(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E917-17(2023) - Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1699-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E3130-21 - Standard Guide for Developing Cost-Effective Community Resilience Strategies
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2771-11(2019) - Standard Terminology for Homeland Security Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1057-15(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2495-18 - Standard Practice for Prioritizing Asset Resources in Acquisition, Utilization, and Disposition
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2506-15(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Developing a Cost-Effective Risk Mitigation Plan for New and Existing Constructed Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E2166-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E1765 – 07
Standard Practice for
Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to
1
Buildings and Building Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Section 2 was editorially corrected in January 2009.
INTRODUCTION
Theanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)isoneofasetofmulti-attributedecisionanalysis(MADA)
methods that considers nonmonetary attributes (qualitative and quantitative) in addition to common
economic evaluation measures (such as life-cycle costing or net benefits) when evaluating project
alternatives.Building-relateddecisionsdependinpartonhowcompetingoptionsperformwithrespect
to nonmonetary attributes. This practice complements existing ASTM standards on building
economics by incorporating the existing economic/monetary measures of worth described in those
standards into a more comprehensive standard method of evaluation that includes nonmonetary
(quantitativeandnonquantitative)benefitsandcosts.TheAHPistheMADAmethoddescribedinthis
2
practice. It has three significant strengths: an efficient attribute weighting process of pairwise
comparisons; hierarchical descriptions of attributes, which keep the number of pairwise comparisons
3
manageable; and available software to facilitate its use.
1. Scope 1.2 Inadditiontomonetarybenefitsandcosts,theprocedure
allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and
which decision makers regard as important, but which are not
interpretingAHPscores of a project’s total overall desirability
3 readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attri-
when making building-related capital investment decisions.
butes that pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and
its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, main-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
tainability, quality of the sound and visual environment, and
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
image to the public and occupants.
Building Economics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1765–02. DOI:
3
10.1520/E1765-07E01. Thispracticepresentsastand-aloneprocedureforperforminganAHPanalysis.
2
For an extensive overview of MADAmethods and a detailed treatment of how In addition, an ASTM software product for performing AHP analyses has been
to apply two MADAmethods (one of which isAHP) to building-related decisions, developed to support and facilitate use of this practice. Software to Support ASTM
see Norris, G. A., and Marshall, H. E., Multiattribute Decision Analysis: Recom- E1765: Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
mended Method for Evaluating Buildings and Building Systems, National Institute Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Buildings and Building
of Standards and Technology, 1995. Systems, MNL29, ASTM, 1998.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E1765 – 07
2. Referenced Documents E1700 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility
4
for Structure and Building Envelope
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1701 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
for Manageability
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E2320 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings
for Thermal Environment and Indoor Air Conditions
and Building Systems
2.2 Adjuncts:
E964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-
DiscountFactorTables Adjunct to Practices E917, E964,
to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
5
E1057, E1074, and E1121
E1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and
2.3 ASTM Software Product:
Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Build-
MNL29 SoftwaretoSupportASTME1765:StandardPrac-
ings and Building Systems
tice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
E1074 PracticeforMeasuringNetBenefitsandNetSavings
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related
for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
4
to Buildings and Building Systems
E1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in
Buildings and Building Systems
3. Terminology
E
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1765–07 Designation: E 1765 – 07
Standard Practice for
Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to
1
Buildings and Building Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Section 2.2 was editorially corrected in January 2009.
INTRODUCTION
Theanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)isoneofasetofmulti-attributedecisionanalysis(MADA)
methods that considers nonmonetary attributes (qualitative and quantitative) in addition to common
economic evaluation measures (such as life-cycle costing or net benefits) when evaluating project
alternatives.Building-relateddecisionsdependinpartonhowcompetingoptionsperformwithrespect
to nonmonetary attributes. This practice complements existing ASTM standards on building
economics by incorporating the existing economic/monetary measures of worth described in those
standards into a more comprehensive standard method of evaluation that includes nonmonetary
(quantitativeandnonquantitative)benefitsandcosts.TheAHPistheMADAmethoddescribedinthis
2
practice. It has three significant strengths: an efficient attribute weighting process of pairwise
comparisons; hierarchical descriptions of attributes, which keep the number of pairwise comparisons
3
manageable; and available software to facilitate its use.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and interpretingAHPscores of a project’s total overall desirability when
3
making building-related capital investment decisions.
1.2 In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which
decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that
pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability,
quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1765–02.
2
For an extensive overview of MADAmethods and a detailed treatment of how to apply two MADAmethods (one of which isAHP) to building-related decisions, see
Norris, G.A., and Marshall, H. E., Multiattribute Decision Analysis: Recommended Method for Evaluating Buildings and Building Systems, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, 1995.
3
Thispracticepresentsastand-aloneprocedureforperforminganAHPanalysis.Inaddition,anASTMsoftwareproductforperformingAHPanalyseshasbeendeveloped
to support and facilitate use of this practice. User’s Guide to AHP/Expert Choice for ASTM Building Evaluation, MNL 29, ASTM, 1998.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E1765–07
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems
E964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
E1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and
Building Systems
E1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
E1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
E1334 Practice for Rating the Serviceability of a Building or Building-Related Facility
E1480 Terminology of Facility Management (Building-Related)
E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT II
E1660 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility for Support for Office Work
E1661 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility for Meetings and Group Effectiveness
E1662 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility for Sound and
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1765–02 Designation: E 1765 – 07
Standard Practice for
Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to
1
Buildings and Building Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Section 2.2 was editorially corrected in January 2009.
INTRODUCTION
Theanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)isoneofasetofmulti-attributedecisionanalysis(MADA)
methods that considers nonmonetary attributes (qualitative and quantitative) in addition to common
economic evaluation measures (such as life-cycle costing or net benefits) when evaluating project
alternatives.Building-relateddecisionsdependinpartonhowcompetingoptionsperformwithrespect
to nonmonetary attributes. This practice complements existing ASTM standards on building
economics by incorporating the existing economic/monetary measures of worth described in those
standards into a more comprehensive standard method of evaluation that includes nonmonetary
(quantitativeandnonquantitative)benefitsandcosts.TheAHPistheMADAmethoddescribedinthis
2
practice. It has three significant strengths: an efficient attribute weighting process of pairwise
comparisons; hierarchical descriptions of attributes, which keep the number of pairwise comparisons
3
manageable; and available software to facilitate its use.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and interpretingAHPscores of a project’s total overall desirability when
3
making building-related capital investment decisions.
1.2 In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which
decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that
pertain to the selection of a building alternative (and its surroundings) are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability,
quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally published as E1765–95. Last previous edition E1765–98.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1765–02.
2
For an extensive overview of MADAmethods and a detailed treatment of how to apply two MADAmethods (one of which isAHP) to building-related decisions, see
Norris, G.A., and Marshall, H. E., Multiattribute Decision Analysis: Recommended Method for Evaluating Buildings and Building Systems, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, 1995.
3
Thispracticepresentsastand-aloneprocedureforperforminganAHPanalysis.Inaddition,anASTMsoftwareproductforperformingAHPanalyseshasbeendeveloped
to support and facilitate use of this practice. User’s Guide to AHP/Expert Choice for ASTM Building Evaluation, MNL 29, ASTM, 1998.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E1765–07
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems
E964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
E1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and
Building Systems
E1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
E1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
E1334 Practice for Rating the Serviceability of a Building or Building-Related Facility
E1480 Terminology of Facility Management (Building-Related)
4
E1557 ClassificationforBuildingElementsandRelatedSitework—UNIFORMATII ClassificationforBuildingElementsand
Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT II
E1660 Classification for Serviceability of an Office Facility for Supp
...