ASTM C896-22
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C896 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Clay Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents bedding—the materials, their placement, consolidation, and
2 configuration, as designed to support, and to develop field
1.1 ASTM Standards:
supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe.
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
bell—the flared-end portion of a vitrified clay pipe or fitting,
Standard Strength, and Perforated
designed to function in the joining of other such pipe.
bell or coupling hole—excavated area under the bell or
2. Terminology
coupling that prevents the bell or coupling from resting on
angular joint deflection—the amount of deviation from a
the trench bottom.
straight line that results when a pipe joint connection is
beveled pipe—a pipe with an end angled to mate with a
displaced axially. Angular joint deflection values can be
complimentary pipe end or adjust to another surface.
expressedasanangleordistancemeasuredininchesperfoot
(mm per meter) of pipe length from straight alignment.
blister—a convex, raised area on the pipe surface indicating an
approving authority—the individual official, board, internal separation.
department, or agency established and authorized by a state,
body—See pipe body.
county, city, or other political subdivision, created by law to
boulder—a particle of rock that will not pass a 12-in.
administer and enforce specified requirements.
(305-mm) square opening.
backfill—all the material used to fill the trench from bedding
chip—a small piece of broken-off material, or the location
to finished surface.
where a small piece of the unit material has been broken off.
backfill, final—material used to fill the trench from initial
clay—an earthy or stony mineral aggregate consisting essen-
backfill to finished surface.
tially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic when suffi-
backfill, initial—material used to fill the trench from top of
ciently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, and vitreous
bedding to a designated height over the pipe.
when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.
backfill, unconsolidated—non-compacted material in place in
closure—See compression joint.
the trench.
cobble—a particle of rock that will pass a 12-in. (305-mm)
square opening and be retained on a 3-in. (76-mm) U.S.
barrel—the cylindrical portion of a vitrified clay pipe exclu-
standard sieve.
sive of branches, spurs, joints, and handling rings or lugs.
compaction—densification of soil by means of mechanical
bearing strength—the non-destructive limit of pipe load, as
manipulation.
determinedby3-edgebearingtestmethod,usedtodetermine
field supporting strength.
compression coupling—See compression joint.
compression disk—a disk of compressible material placed
between the ends of adjacent pipe for the purpose of
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
distributing the jacking force.
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.10 on
Editorial.
compression joint—a joint designed so that a sealing action is
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
obtained by compressing elastomeric components.
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C896 – 21a. DOI:
10.1520/C0896-22.
conduit—a pipe for conveying fluid.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
consolidation—the gradual reduction in volume of backfill
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. matter to achieve stability.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C896 − 22
constant weight—the condition of a substance in which all haunch—the areas bordered by the barrel outside diameter, the
volatile components have been vaporized, and repeated vertical tangents from the pipe springline and the horizontal
exposure to a specified temperature, for any period of time, tangents from the bottom of the pipe. See detail:
causes no change in weight.
controlled low strength material (CLSM)—flowable low
compressive strength cementitious material used in the pipe
z
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C896 − 21a C896 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Clay Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
2. Terminology
angular joint deflection—the amount of deviation from a straight line that results when a pipe joint connection is displaced
axially. Angular joint deflection values can be expressed as an angle or distance measured in inches per foot (mm per meter)
of pipe length from straight alignment.
approving authority—the individual official, board, department, or agency established and authorized by a state, county, city,
or other political subdivision, created by law to administer and enforce specified requirements.
backfill—all the material used to fill the trench from bedding to finished surface.
backfill, final—material used to fill the trench from initial backfill to finished surface.
backfill, initial—material used to fill the trench from top of bedding to a designated height over the pipe.
backfill, unconsolidated—non-compacted material in place in the trench.
barrel—the cylindrical portion of a vitrified clay pipe exclusive of branches, spurs, joints, and handling rings or lugs.
bearing strength—the non-destructive limit of pipe load, as determined by 3-edge bearing test method, used to determine field
supporting strength.
bedding—the materials, their placement, consolidation, and configuration, as designed to support, and to develop field
supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.10 on Editorial.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2021December 2022. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as
C896 – 21.C896 – 21a. DOI: 10.1520/C0896-21A.10.1520/C0896-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C896 − 22
bell—the flared-end portion of a vitrified clay pipe or fitting, designed to function in the joining of other such pipe.
bell or coupling hole—excavated area under the bell or coupling that prevents the bell or coupling from resting on the trench
bottom.
beveled pipe—a pipe with an end angled to mate with a complimentary pipe end or adjust to another surface.
blister—a convex, raised area on the pipe surface indicating an internal separation.
body—See pipe body.
boulder—a particle of rock that will not pass a 12-in. (305-mm) square opening.
chip—a small piece of broken-off material, or the location where a small piece of the unit material has been broken off.
clay—an earthy or stony mineral aggregate consisting essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic when sufficiently
pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, and vitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.
closure—See compression joint.
cobble—a particle of rock that will pass a 12-in. (305-mm) square opening and be retained on a 3-in. (76-mm) U.S. standard
sieve.
compaction—densification of soil by means of mechanical manipulation.
compression coupling—See compression joint.
compression disk—a disk of compressible material placed between the ends of adjacent pipe for the purpose of distributing the
jacking force.
compression joint—a joint designed so that a sealing action is obtained by compressing elastomeric components.
conduit—a pipe for conveying fluid.
consolidation—the gradual reduction in volume of backfill matter to achieve stability.
constant weight—the condition of a substance in which all volatile components have been vaporized, and repeated exposure
to a specified temperature, for any period of time, causes no change in weight.
controlled low strength material (CLSM)—flowable low compressive strength cementitious mat
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C896 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Clay Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents bedding—the materials, their placement, consolidation, and
2 configuration, as designed to support, and to develop field
1.1 ASTM Standards:
supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe.
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
bell—the flared-end portion of a vitrified clay pipe or fitting,
Standard Strength, and Perforated
designed to function in the joining of other such pipe.
bell or coupling hole—excavated area under the bell or
2. Terminology
coupling that prevents the bell or coupling from resting on
angular joint deflection—the amount of deviation from a
the trench bottom.
straight line that results when a pipe joint connection is
beveled pipe—a pipe with an end angled to mate with a
displaced axially. Angular joint deflection values can be
complimentary pipe end or adjust to another surface.
expressed as an angle or distance measured in inches per foot
(mm per meter) of pipe length from straight alignment.
blister—a convex, raised area on the pipe surface indicating an
internal separation.
approving authority—the individual official, board,
department, or agency established and authorized by a state,
body—See pipe body.
county, city, or other political subdivision, created by law to
boulder—a particle of rock that will not pass a 12-in.
administer and enforce specified requirements.
(305-mm) square opening.
backfill—all the material used to fill the trench from bedding
chip—a small piece of broken-off material, or the location
to finished surface.
where a small piece of the unit material has been broken off.
backfill, final—material used to fill the trench from initial
clay—an earthy or stony mineral aggregate consisting essen-
backfill to finished surface.
tially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic when suffi-
backfill, initial—material used to fill the trench from top of
ciently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, and vitreous
bedding to a designated height over the pipe.
when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.
backfill, unconsolidated—non-compacted material in place in
closure—See compression joint.
the trench.
cobble—a particle of rock that will pass a 12-in. (305-mm)
square opening and be retained on a 3-in. (76-mm) U.S.
barrel—the cylindrical portion of a vitrified clay pipe exclu-
standard sieve.
sive of branches, spurs, joints, and handling rings or lugs.
compaction—densification of soil by means of mechanical
bearing strength—the non-destructive limit of pipe load, as
manipulation.
determined by 3-edge bearing test method, used to determine
field supporting strength.
compression coupling—See compression joint.
compression disk—a disk of compressible material placed
between the ends of adjacent pipe for the purpose of
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
distributing the jacking force.
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.10 on
Editorial.
compression joint—a joint designed so that a sealing action is
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
obtained by compressing elastomeric components.
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C896 – 21a. DOI:
10.1520/C0896-22.
2 conduit—a pipe for conveying fluid.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
consolidation—the gradual reduction in volume of backfill
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. matter to achieve stability.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C896 − 22
constant weight—the condition of a substance in which all haunch—the areas bordered by the barrel outside diameter, the
volatile components have been vaporized, and repeated vertical tangents from the pipe springline and the horizontal
exposure to a specified temperature, for any period of time, tangents from the bottom of the pipe. See detail:
causes no change in weight.
controlled low strength material (CLSM)—flowable low
compressive strength cementitious material used in the pipe
zone as a bedding material. Also referred to as controlled
density fill, flowable fill, slurry, or lean con
...
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