ASTM C301-98

Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the techniques of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation. Tests using whole pipe determines the resistance to crushing and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the amount of water absorption of the pipe body and the quantity of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1-The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be referenced for further information: Practice C 12 and Test Method C 828; Specifications C 425 and C 700.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1998
• ICS: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C301-98(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C12-22a - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C4-04(2018) - Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C479-04(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Liner Plates
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C1208/C1208M-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C896-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C700-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C315-07(2021) - Standard Specification for Clay Flue Liners and Chimney Pots
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 301 – 98
Standard Test Methods for
Vitrified Clay Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 301; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the 4.1 Meaning and Suitability—The tests called for herein,
techniques of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation. from their results, indicate the suitability and acceptability of
Tests using whole pipe determines the resistance to crushing vitrified clay pipe for specifications acceptance, design pur-
and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the poses, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and re-
amount of water absorption of the pipe body and the quantity search.
of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.
5. Bearing Strength
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Test Specimens:
as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for
information only. 5.1.1 The test specimens shall be sound, full-size pipe and
shall be selected by the purchaser, or his representative, at
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility points he designates when placing the order.
5.1.2 The number of specimens to be tested shall not exceed
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except that
no less than two specimens shall be tested.
limitations prior to use.
5.2 Measurement and Inspection of Specimens:
NOTE 1—The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be
5.2.1 The specimens shall be free of all visible moisture and
referenced for further information: Practice C 12 and Test Method C 828;
frost. These specimens shall be inspected and measured for
Specifications C 425 and C 700.
conformance with the applicable specifications. The results of
2. Referenced Documents
these observations shall be recorded.
5.2.2 Specimens that are observed to have defects in excess
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the limits permitted in the applicable specifications shall be
C 12 Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
discarded and replaced with additional specimens from the lot
C 425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified
to be tested.
Clay Pipe and Fittings
5.3 Loading Apparatus (see Fig. 1):
C 700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
5.3.1 Testing Machine:
Standard Strength, and Perforated
5.3.1.1 The loading apparatus shall consist of a testing
C 828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
machine capable of applying loads, with upper and lower
Clay Pipe Lines
bearings capable of transmitting these loads to the pipe. The
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
bearings shall be bearing beams and contact edges.
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
5.3.1.2 Any motor driven testing machine that is capable of
ing
applying a load at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500 lbf/min·linear
3. Terminology
ft (29.4 6 7.4 kN/min·linear m) of pipe length, shall be used
for making the test.
3.1 Definitions:
5.3.1.3 The load may be applied at a rapid rate until 50 % of
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
the required bearing strength is reached. Subsequently, the load
refer to Terminology E 6 and Terminology C 896.
shall be applied to the pipe at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500
lbf/min·linear ft (29.4 6 7.4 kN/min·linear m) of pipe length
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-4 on
without vibration or shock.
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on
5.3.1.4 The testing machine shall be sufficiently rigid so that
Methods of Test and Specifications.
the load distribution will not be appreciably affected by the
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally
published as C 301 – 52 T. Last previous edition C 301 – 97a.
deformation or yielding of any part. The machine and bearings
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
shall be constructed to transmit the load in a vertical plane
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 301
FIG. 1 Three-Edge Bearing Testing (see 5.3.4 for Segmented Testing)
through the longitudinal axes of the bearings and pipe. The 5.3.3 Three-Edge Bearings:
bearings shall be attached to the machine so as to receive and
5.3.3.1 Three-edge bearings shall consist of an upper mem-
uniformly transmit the loads required in the tests, without
ber, comprised of a bearing beam on which one contact edge is
vibration or shock. The upper bearing shall be free to rotate in
located so that it lies in the vertical plane passing through the
a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the bearing and
longitudinalaxisofthepipe;andalowermembercomprisedof
the pipe.
a bearing beam on which two contact edges are symmetrically
5.3.2 Bearing Beams—Bearing beams shall not deflect
located parallel to that vertical plane.
more than a 14 by 8-in. (355 by 205-mm), 53-lb/linear ft
5.3.3.2 The contact edges shall consist of rubber strips
(73-kg/linear m), wide flange beam as specified by the Ameri-
alone, or hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets. Contact
can Institute of Steel Construction. Under no circumstances
edges shall uniformly contact the outside barrel of the pipe.
shall the deflection in inches or millimetres under maximum
5.3.3.3 The two contact edges on the lower member shall be
load exceed that given by the ratio L/720 in which L is the
spaced apart approximately 1 in./ft (83 mm/m) of pipe diam-
beam length in inches or millimetres.The length of the bearing
eter, but in no case less than 1 in. (25 mm).
beams shall be no less than the full length of the outside barrel
5.3.3.4 Positioning strips may be used to align the upper
of the pipe. Built-up bearing beams may be used, provided
contact edge and to align and space the lower contact edges. In
their deflection does not exceed that specified. In order for the
bell or socket of the pipe to clear the bearing beams, it is the case of rubber contact edges, positioning strips shall not
exceed one half of the thickness of the contact edge and may
recommended that the bearing beams be faced with a metal or
hardwood member for affixing the contact edges. remain in place.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 301
5.3.3.5 If rubber strips are used as contact edges, they shall 5.5.1 Calculate the bearing strength by dividing the applied
be cut or formed from material having a Shore A, instanta- load by the inside length of the barrel. The length shall be the
neous, durometer hardness between 45 and 60. The strips shall average of two measurements taken at points 180° (3.1 rad)
be of rectangular cross section, having a 2-in. (51-mm) width, apart. Report the individual results of the tests of pipe of each
and a thickness not less than 1 in. (25 mm) nor more than 1 ⁄2 size or lot.
in. (38 mm). The contact edges shall be used with the 2-in.
6. Absorption
(51-mm) dimension in contact with the bearing beam. Rubber
contact edges may be attached to the bearing beam by an 6.1 Test Specimens:
adhesive, provided the contact edge remains firmly fixed in 6.1.1 Absorption specimens shall be sound pieces of the full
position. thickness of the barrel of the pipe, with all edges broken. Each
specimen shall be as nearly square as possible, with the area on
5.3.3.6 If hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets are
onebarrelsurfacenotlessthantwelvetimesthewallthickness,
used as contact edges, the strips shall be straight, and have a
expressed as square units. They shall be free of observable
crosssectionnotlessthan1in.(25mm)ineitherdirection.The
cracks or shattered edges and shall not contain laminations and
bottom contact edges shall have vertical sides, with the interior
fissures more than is typical of the pipe from which the
top corners having a radius of approximately ⁄2
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