ASTM E1151-93(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
Standard Practice for Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
SCOPE
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange chromatography to separate mixtures and a conductivity detector to detect the separated components. However, most of the terms should also apply to ion chromatographic techniques that employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromatographic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the terms and relationships identified in Practice E 682.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E 1151 – 93 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
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Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope enhanced by selectively suppressing the conductivity of the
mobile phase through post separation ion exchange reactions.
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms
3.3 Single Column Ion Chromatography, (Electronically
and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange
Suppressed Ion Chromatography)—In this technique sample
chromatographytoseparatemixturesandaconductivitydetec-
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
tor to detect the separated components. However, most of the
detected conductimetrically. Generally, lower capacity ion
termsshouldalsoapplytoionchromatographictechniquesthat
exchangers are used with electronic suppression than with
employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
chemical suppression. Mobile phases with ionic equivalent
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromato-
conductancesignificantlydifferentfromthatofthesampleions
graphic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the
andalowelectrolyticconductivityareused,permittinganalyte
terms and relationships identified in Practice E682.
ion detection with only electronic suppression of the baseline
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conductivity signal.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Pumps—Any of various machines that deliver the mo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bile phase at a controlled flow rate through the chromato-
2. Referenced Documents graphic system.
4.1.1 Syringe Pumps, having a piston that advances at a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
controlled rate within a cylinder to displace the mobile phase.
E682 Practice for Liquid Chromatography Terms and Re-
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4.1.2 Reciprocating Pumps, having one or more chambers
lationships
from which mobile phase is displaced by reciprocating pis-
3. Descriptions of Techniques ton(s)ordiaphragm(s).Thechambervolumeisnormallysmall
compared to the volume of the column.
3.1 Ion Chromatography, (IC)—a general term for several
4.1.3 Pneumatic Pumps, employing a gas to displace the
liquid column chromatographic techniques for the analysis of
mobile phase either directly from a pressurized container or
ionic or ionizable compounds. Of the many useful separation
indirectly through a piston or collapsible container. The vol-
and detection schemes, those most widely used have been the
ume within these pumps is normally large as compared to the
two techniques described in 3.2 and 3.3 in which ion exchange
volume of the column.
separation is combined with conductimetric detection. By
4.2 Sample Inlet Systems, devices for introducing samples
describing only these two techniques, this practice does not
into the column.
mean to imply that IC is tied only to ion exchange chroma-
4.2.1 Septum Injectors—The sample contained in a syringe
tography or conductimetric detection.
isintroduceddirectlyintothepressurizedflowingmobilephase
3.2 Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography, (Dual
by piercing an elastomeric barrier with a needle attached to a
Column Ion Chromatography)—In this technique, sample
syringe. The syringe is exposed to pressure and defines the
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
sample volume.
detected conductimetrically. Detection of the analyte ions is
4.2.2 Valve Injectors—The sample contained in a syringe
(or contained in a sample vial) is injected into (or drawn into)
an ambient-pressure chamber through which the pressurized
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
flowing mobile phase is subsequently diverted, after sealing
Spectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.19 on Chroma-
against ambient pressure. The displacement is by means of
tography.
rotary or sliding motion. The chamber is a section (loop) of
Current edition approved July 15, 1993. Published September 1993.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. tubing or an internal chamber.The chamber can be completely
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