ASTM C1556-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Cementitious Mixtures by Bulk Diffusion
Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Cementitious Mixtures by Bulk Diffusion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is applicable to cementitious mixtures that have not been exposed to external chloride ions, other than the negligible quantity of chloride ion exposure from sample preparation using potable water, prior to the test.
The calculation procedure described in this test method is applicable only to laboratory test specimens exposed to a sodium chloride solution as described in this test method. This calculation procedure is not applicable to specimens exposed to chloride ions during cyclic wetting and drying.
Note 1—The diffusion of ionic species in concrete occurs within the fluid-filled pores, cracks and void spaces. The concentration and valence of other ionic species in the pore fluid also influence the rate of chloride diffusion, and therefore, the apparent diffusion coefficient as determined by this test procedure.
In most cases, the value of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient for cementitious mixtures changes over time (See Note 2). Therefore, apparent diffusion coefficients obtained at early ages may not be representative of performance in service.
Note 2—The rate of change of the apparent diffusion coefficient for cementitious mixtures containing pozzolans or blast-furnace slag is typically different than that for mixtures containing only portland cement.
The apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is used in Fick’second law of diffusion to estimate chloride penetration into cementitious mixtures that are in a saturated condition.
The apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is commonly used in chloride ingress models based on Fick’second law of diffusion. The apparent diffusion coefficient determined by this method includes chemically bound chloride, so proper use of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient to predict chloride ingress requires consideration of chloride binding.
The resistance to chloride penetration is affected by such factors as the environment, finishing, mixture composition, workmanship, curing, an...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient for hardened cementitious mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C1556 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of
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Cementitious Mixtures by Bulk Diffusion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope* Accelerated Chloride Penetration (in English)
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
3. Terminology
the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient for hardened cemen-
3.1 Definitions:
titious mixtures.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to Terminology C125.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 apparent chloride diffusion coeffıcient, D , n—a chlo-
a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ride transport parameter calculated from acid-soluble chloride
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
profile data obtained from saturated specimens exposed to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
chloride solutions, without correction for chloride binding, that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
provides an indication of the ease of chloride penetration into
2. Referenced Documents cementitious mixtures.
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3.2.2 chloride binding, v—the chemical process by which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chloride ion is removed from solution and incorporated into
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
cementitious binder hydration products.
Specimens in the Field
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Chloride binding is primarily associ-
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
ated with hydration products formed by the aluminate phase of
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
cement and mixtures containing ground granulated blast fur-
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
nace slag.
gregates
3.2.3 chloride penetration, v—the ingress of chloride ions
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
due to exposure to external sources.
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
3.2.4 exposure liquid, n—the sodium chloride solution in
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
which test specimens are stored prior to obtaining a chloride
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
profile.
C1152/C1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in
3.2.5 exposure time, n—the time that the test specimen is
Mortar and Concrete
stored in the solution containing chloride ion.
C1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s
3.2.6 initial chloride-ion content, C, n—the ratio of the
Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration i
mass of chloride ion to the mass of concrete for a test specimen
2.2 NORDTEST Standards:
that has not been exposed to external chloride sources.
NT BUILD 443, Approved 1995-11, Concrete, Hardened:
3.2.7 profile grinding, v—the process of grinding off and
collectingapowdersampleinthinsuccessivelayersfromatest
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
specimen using a dry process.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2.8 surface chloride content, C , n—the theoretical ratio
s
C09.66 on Concrete’s Resistance to Fluid Penetration.
of the mass of chloride ion to the mass of concrete at the
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
interface between the exposure liquid and the test specimen.
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1556 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/
C1556-04.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Published by NORDTEST, P.O. Box 116 FIN-02151 ESPOO Finland, Project
the ASTM website. 1154-94, e-mail: nordtest @vtt.fi, website: http://www.vtt.fi/nordtest
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1556 – 04
4. Summary of Test Method 6.3 Controlled Temperature Laboratory or Chamber. The
laboratory or chamber shall maintain the temperature of a
4.1 Obtain a representative sample of the cementitious
water bath at 23 6 2 °C.
mixturepriortoexposuretochlorideion.Separateeachsample
6.4 Plastic Container, with tight-fitting lid. Select a con-
into a test specimen and an initial c
...
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