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ASTM E1390-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs

Standard Specification for Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the recommended minimum requirements for industrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing industrial radiographic films using transmitted light sources. The function of the illuminator is to provide sufficient illumination and viewing capabilities for the purpose of identification and interpretation of radiographic images. The luminance of the transmitted light shall not be less than 30 candelas per square metre for film densities equal to or less than 2.5 optical density and not less than 10 candelas per square meter for film densities greater than 2.5 optical density. If the illuminator has a diffusing screen, the light shall be sufficiently divergent so that both eyes of the observer receive rays from all parts of the screen. The maximum illuminator luminance, and divergence and diffusion of light shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 The function of the illuminator is to provide sufficient illumination and viewing capabilities for the purpose of identification and interpretation of radiographic images. This specification provides the recommended minimum requirements for industrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing industrial radiographic films using transmitted light sources.  
1.2 The illuminator has to ensure the same safety for personnel, or users of any electric apparatus, as specified by electrical standards applicable in the country in which the illuminator is used.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2021
ICS
19.100 - Non-destructive testing
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method
Current Stage
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E1390 −21
Standard Specification for
1
Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 diffusing screen, n—the screen that scatters the light
such that the light appears the same brightness from any
1.1 The function of the illuminator is to provide sufficient
viewing angle.
illumination and viewing capabilities for the purpose of iden-
3.1.2 viewing screen, n—the port through which the light is
tification and interpretation of radiographic images.This speci-
projected.
fication provides the recommended minimum requirements for
industrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing industrial
3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this
radiographic films using transmitted light sources.
specification, see Terminology E1316.
1.2 The illuminator has to ensure the same safety for
4. Ordering Information
personnel, or users of any electric apparatus, as specified by
electrical standards applicable in the country in which the
4.1 This specification is intended to be used by the manu-
illuminator is used.
facturers and purchasers of radiographic illuminators.
Requirements, if imposed on manufacturers, should be estab-
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
lished by contractual agreement or appropriate purchase docu-
as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
ment.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Materials and Manufacture
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 General—The illuminator shall consist of a housing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- with one or more of the sides containing a viewing screen
illuminated from the inside of the housing. The viewing screen
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- may also be the diffusing screen. There shall be thermal
protection to prevent overheating, and subsequent damage to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the the radiographs placed on the viewing screen. The housing or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- system may or may not require ventilation. A rheostat or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical suitable electrical circuit shall be provided to vary the light
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. intensity.
2. Referenced Documents 6. Physical Properties
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1 General—The illuminator shall be manufactured of
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations materials deemed suitable to withstand the environmental
conditions encountered under normal operating conditions.
3. Terminology
6.2 Viewing Screen—The viewing screen shall be easy to
clean and made of material which is resistant to scratches. The
3.1 Definitions:
size of the screen shall allow the user to view the radiograph
without excessive glare. If the illuminator is to be used for
viewing radiographs of various sizes, masks of various sizes
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
and configurations should be provided. Alternately, an adjust-
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
able aperture may be used.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
6.3 Color of Light—The color of the light used to illuminate
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E1390 – 12(2016).
DOI: 10.1520/E1390-21.
the radiograph shall be white, that is, color temperature
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
between 5000 and 6250 °K. However, illuminators using
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
non-white or “colored” light may be used if they have been
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. recommended by the film manufacturers.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 -------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1390 − 12 (Reapproved 2016) E1390 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The function of the illuminator is to provide sufficient illumination and viewing capabilities for the purpose of identification
and interpretation of radiographic images. This specification provides the recommended minimum requirements for Industrial
Radiographic Illuminatorsindustrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing industrial radiographic films using transmitted light
sources.
1.2 The illuminator has to ensure the same safety for personnel, or users of any electric apparatus, as specified by electrical
standards applicable in the country in which the illuminator is used.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided
for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 diffusing screen—screen, n—the screen that scatters the light such that the light appears the same brightness from any
viewing angle.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology
(X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2016November 2021. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20122016
as E1390 - 12.E1390 – 12(2016). DOI: 10.1520/E1390-12R16.10.1520/E1390-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1390 − 21
3.1.2 viewing screen—screen, n—the port through which the light is projected.
3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this specification, see Terminology E1316.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 This specification is intended to be used by the manufacturers and purchasers of radiographic illuminators. Requirements, if
imposed on manufacturers, should be established by contractual agreement or appropriate purchase document.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 General—The illuminator shall consist of a housing with one or more of the sides containing a viewing screen illuminated
from the inside of the housing. The viewing screen may also be the diffusing screen. There shall be thermal protection to prevent
overheating, and subsequent damage to the radiographs placed on the viewing screen. The housing or system may or may not
require ventilation. A rheostat or suitable electrical circuit shall be provided to vary the light intensity.
6. Physical Properties
6.1 General—The illuminator shall be manufactured of materials deemed suitable to withstand the environmental conditions
encountered under normal operating conditions.
6.2 Viewing Screen—The viewing screen shall be easy to clean and made of material which is resistant to scratches. The size of
the screen shall allow the user to view the radiograph without excessive glare. If the illuminator is to be used for viewing
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of eddy current imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data transfer and archival storage in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052, an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and a data dictionary that are specific to eddy current test methods.  
1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from eddy current test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the eddy current technique parameters and inspection data are communicated and stored in a standard manner regardless of changes in digital technology.  
1.3 This practice does not specify:  
1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard,  
1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance, or  
1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.  
1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2446-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are several factors affecting the quality of a CR image including the basic spatial resolution of the IP system, geometrical unsharpness, scatter and contrast sensitivity. There are several additional factors (for example, software and scanning parameters) that affect the accurate reading of images on exposed IPs using an optical scanner.  
4.2 This practice is to be used to establish a characterization of CR system by performance levels on the basis of a normalized SNR, interpolated basic spatial detector resolution and EPS. The CR system performance levels in this practice do not refer to any particular manufacturers’ imaging plates. A CR system performance level results from the use of a particular imaging plate together with the exposure conditions, standardized phantom, the scanner type, and software and the scanning parameters. This characterization system provides a means to compare differing CR technologies, as is common practice with film systems, which guides the user to the appropriate configuration, IP, and technique for the application at hand. The performance level selected may not match the imaging performance of a corresponding film class because of the difference in the spatial resolution and scatter sensitivity. Therefore, the user should always use IQIs for proof of contrast sensitivity and basic spatial resolution.  
4.3 The measured performance parameters are presented in a characterization chart. This enables users to select specific CR systems by the different characterization data to find the best system for his specific application.  
4.4 The quality factors can be determined most accurately by the tests described in this practice. Some of the system tests require special tools, which may not be available in user laboratories. Simpler tests are described for quality assurance and long term stability tests in Practice E2445.  
4.5 Manufacturers of industrial CR systems or certification agencies will use this practice. Users of i...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems, consisting of a particular phosphor imaging plate (IP), scanner, software, scanner operational parameters, and an image display monitor, in combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography.  
1.2 The practice defines system tests to be used to characterize the systems of different suppliers and make them comparable for users.  
1.3 This practice is intended for use by manufacturers of CR systems or certification agencies to provide quantitative results of CR system characteristics for nondestructive testing (NDT) user or purchaser consumption. Some of these tests require specialized test phantoms to ensure consistency of results among suppliers or manufacturers. These tests are not intended for users to complete, nor are they intended for long term stability tracking and lifetime measurements. However, they may be used for this purpose, if so desired. Practice E2445 describes tests which are intended for users to observe the CR performance and test the long term stability.  
1.4 The CR system performance is described by the basic spatial resolution, contrast, signal and noise parameters, and the equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS). Some of these parameters are used to compare with DDA characterization and film characterization data (see Practice E2597 and Test Method E1815).
Note 1: For film system characterization, the signal is represented by the optical density of 2 (above fog and base) and the noise as granularity. The signal-to-noise ratio is normalized by the aperture (similar to the basic spatial resolution) of the system and is part of characterization. This normalization is given by the scanning circular aperture of 100 µm of the micro-photometer, which is defined in Test Method E1815 for film system characterization.  
1.5 The measurement of CR systems in this practice is restricted ...

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ASTM
ASTM E3388-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy for High Energy Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gauge is intended to provide a means for measuring image or detector unsharpness and basic spatial image or detector resolution as independently as practicable from the imaging system and contrast sensitivity limitations. When the duplex plate gauge is positioned directly on the film or the digital detector instead on the test object, then the determined image unsharpness UIm corresponds to the inherent film or detector unsharpness (Udetector) and the determined basic spatial image resolution SRbimage corresponds to the basic spatial detector resolution SRbdetector. SRbimage provides a value which depends on the combined effect of detector unsharpness and geometric unsharpness.  
5.2 Basis of Application:  
5.2.1 The following items are subject to contractual agreement between the parties using or referencing this standard.
5.2.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in accordance with NAS410, EN 4179, ANSI/ASNT CP 189, ISO 9712, or SNT-TC-1A and certified by the employer or certifying agency as applicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may be used when specified on the contract or purchase order. The applicable revision shall be the latest unless otherwise specified in the contractual agreement between parties.
5.2.1.2 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated as described in Specification E543. The applicable edition of Specification E543 shall be specified in the contract.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge used to determine the image unsharpness and the basic spatial resolution of film radiographs or of digital images taken with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays (DDA), or radioscopic systems (for example, with X-ray image intensifiers) for applications with Se-75, Ir-192, Co-60 and high energy sources with tube potentials ≥ 300 kV. The IQI may be used at lower tube potentials too, if the expected unsharpness is > 200 µm (SRbimage or SRbdetector > 100 µm). For the measurement of lower unsharpness values, the usage of the gauge described in Practice E2002 is recommended.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation sources.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively if the duplex wire IQI of Practice E2002 does not provide sufficient contrast resolution.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1254-13(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and are not intended for controlling the acceptability of the materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that this guide be used as an adjunct to Guide E94.  
3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain extent, on the degree to which a user adheres to good processing and storage practices as a matter of routine procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for industrial radiography.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of this document.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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