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ASTM G94-05(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service

Standard Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in selecting metals for oxygen service in order to minimize the probability of ignition and the risk of explosion or fire. It is intended for use in selecting materials for applications in connection with the production, storage, transportation, distribution, or use of oxygen. It is not intended as a specification for approving materials for oxygen service.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide applies to metallic materials under consideration for oxygen or oxygen-enriched fluid service, direct or indirect, as defined in Section 3. It is concerned primarily with the properties of a metallic material associated with its relative susceptibility to ignition and propagation of combustion. It does not involve mechanical properties, potential toxicity, outgassing, reactions between various materials in the system, functional reliability, or performance characteristics such as aging, shredding, or sloughing of particles, except when these might contribute to an ignition.  
1.2 This document applies only to metals; nonmetals are covered in Guide G63.Note 1—The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.Note 2—In evaluating materials, any mixture with oxygen exceeding atmospheric concentration at pressures higher than atmospheric should be evaluated from the hazard point of view for possible significant increase in material combustibility.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G04 - Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
Drafting Committee
G04.02 - Recommended Practices
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM G94-05(2014) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G94 − 05 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
1
Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG94;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Liquid Oxygen (Impact Sensitivity Threshold and Pass-
Fail Techniques)
1.1 This guide applies to metallic materials under consider-
D2863Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
ation for oxygen or oxygen-enriched fluid service, direct or
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
indirect, as defined in Section 3. It is concerned primarily with
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
the properties of a metallic material associated with its relative
D4809Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
susceptibility to ignition and propagation of combustion. It
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
does not involve mechanical properties, potential toxicity,
Method)
outgassing, reactions between various materials in the system,
G63Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-
functional reliability, or performance characteristics such as
gen Service
aging, shredding, or sloughing of particles, except when these
G72Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of
might contribute to an ignition.
Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched
1.2 This document applies only to metals; nonmetals are
Environment
covered in Guide G63.
G86Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of
NOTE 1—The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no
Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxy-
position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in
gen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Envi-
connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are
ronments
expresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchevaluation
methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data
G88Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service
are entirely their own responsibility.
G93Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels
NOTE 2—In evaluating materials, any mixture with oxygen exceeding
for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched
atmospheric concentration at pressures higher than atmospheric should be
Environments
evaluated from the hazard point of view for possible significant increase
G124Test Method for Determining the Combustion Behav-
in material combustibility.
ior of Metallic Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmo-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
spheres
standard.
G126Terminology Relating to the Compatibility and Sensi-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G128Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Enriched Systems
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.2 ASTM Special Technical Publications (STPs) on the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched
Atmospheres:
2. Referenced Documents
ASTM STPs in this category are listed as:812, 910, 986,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1040, 1111, 1167, 1197, 1319, 1395, and 1454
D2512Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with
2.3 Compressed Gas Association Documents:
Pamphlet G-4.4-2003 (EIGA Doc. 13/02)Oxygen Pipeline
3
Systems
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeG04onCompatibility
Pamphlet G-4.8Safe Use of Aluminum Structured Packing
and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
3
for Oxygen Distillation
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.
Pamphlet G-4.9Safe Use of Brazed Aluminum Heat Ex-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
3
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G94–05. DOI:
changers for Producing Pressurized Oxygen
10.1520/G0094-05R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
the ASTM website. Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G94 − 05 (2014)
Pamphlet P-8.4 (EIGA Doc. 65/99)Safe Operation of Re- 3.1.14 threshold pressure—t
...

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ASTM G94-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in selecting metals for oxygen service in order to minimize the probability of ignition and the risk of explosion or fire. It is intended for use in selecting materials for applications in connection with the production, storage, transportation, distribution, or use of oxygen. It is not intended as a specification for approving materials for oxygen service.
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1.1 This guide applies to metallic materials under consideration for oxygen or oxygen-enriched fluid service, direct or indirect, as defined in Section 3. It is concerned primarily with the properties of a metallic material associated with its relative susceptibility to ignition and propagation of combustion. It does not involve mechanical properties, potential toxicity, outgassing, reactions between various materials in the system, functional reliability, or performance characteristics such as aging, shredding, or sloughing of particles, except when these might contribute to an ignition.  
1.2 This document applies only to metals; nonmetals are covered in Guide G63.
Note 1: The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.
Note 2: In evaluating materials, any mixture with oxygen exceeding atmospheric concentration at pressures higher than atmospheric should be evaluated from the hazard point of view for possible significant increase in material combustibility.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Axially loaded tension specimens provide one of the most versatile methods of performing a stress-corrosion test because of the flexibility permitted in the choice of type and size of test specimen, stressing procedures, and range of stress levels.  
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1.3 The exposure of specimens in a corrosive environment is treated only briefly because other standards are being prepared to deal with this aspect. Meanwhile, the investigator is referred to Practices G35, G36, G37, and G44, and to ASTM Special Technical Publication 425 (1).2  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most of which are removed during refining. However, of the sulfur compounds remaining in the petroleum product, some can have a corroding action on various metals, including copper, and this corrosivity is not necessarily related to the total sulfur content. The effect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur compounds present. This copper foil strip corrosion test is designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum product towards copper and copper-containing alloys using a shorter test duration than that specified in Test Method D130.  
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Standard Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Polythionic acids are chemically described as H2SxO6, where x is usually 3, 4, or 5 (1)3 though can be more than 50 (2). These acid environments provide a way of evaluating the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for the polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with those of intergranular corrosion tests (Test Methods G28). Also, this test may not be relevant to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic environments.  
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1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the coefficient of friction (COF) and resistance of materials to adhesion under flat sliding using the twist compression test (TCT). This test method ranks material couples, surface treatments, coatings, and lubricant combinations by COF and their resistance to adhesion.  
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1.1 This test method covers the Corrodkote2 method of evaluating the corrosion performance of copper/nickel/chromium and nickel/chromium coatings electrodeposited on steel, zinc alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics and other substrates.  
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are not requirements. They are reference for information only: Practice B537, Specification B456, Test Method B602, and Specification B604.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Electrochemical corrosion rate measurements often provide results in terms of electrical current. Although the conversion of these current values into mass loss rates or penetration rates is based on Faraday’s Law, the calculations can be complicated for alloys and metals with elements having multiple valence values. This practice is intended to provide guidance in calculating mass loss and penetration rates for such alloys. Some typical values of equivalent weights for a variety of metals and alloys are provided.  
3.2 Electrochemical corrosion rate measurements may provide results in terms of electrical resistance. The conversion of these results to either mass loss or penetration rates requires additional electrochemical information. Some approaches for estimating this information are given.  
3.3 Use of this practice will aid in producing more consistent corrosion rate data from electrochemical results. This will make results from different studies more comparable and minimize calculation errors that may occur in transforming electrochemical results to corrosion rate values.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the providing of guidance in converting the results of electrochemical measurements to rates of uniform corrosion. Calculation methods for converting corrosion current density values to either mass loss rates or average penetration rates are given for most engineering alloys. In addition, some guidelines for converting polarization resistance values to corrosion rates are provided.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are included in this standard because of their usage.  
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Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion

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1.1 The terms and their definitions given herein represent terminology relating to wear and erosion of solid bodies due to mechanical interactions such as occur with cavitation, impingement by liquid jets or drops or by solid particles, or relative motion against contacting solid surfaces or fluids. This scope interfaces with but generally excludes those processes where material loss is wholly or principally due to chemical action and other related technical fields as, for instance, lubrication.  
1.2 This terminology is not exhaustive; the absence of any particular term from this collection does not necessarily imply that its use within this scope is discouraged. However, the terms given herein are the recommended terms for the concepts they represent unless otherwise noted.  
1.3 Certain general terms and definitions may be restricted and interpreted, if necessary, to make them particularly applicable to the scope as defined herein.  
1.4 The purpose of this terminology is to encourage uniformity and accuracy in the description of test methods and devices and in the reporting of test results in relation to wear and erosion.
Note 1: All terms are listed alphabetically. When a subsidiary term is defined in conjunction with the definition of a more generic term, an alphabetically-listed cross-reference is provided.  
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