ASTM D4400-99(2012)e1

Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Evaluation of sag resistance is essential in quality control for both producers and purchasers of coatings. Practical application tests are poor in reproducibility, while viscometric methods, for example Test Methods D2196, are time-consuming and lack the convincing aspect of actual sagging. This method provides simple and rapid tests, whereby sag resistance is demonstrated by a visible sag pattern, and is rated objectively in terms of numerical values that correlate with brushout test observations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the sag resistance of aqueous and nonaqueous liquid coatings at any level of sag resistance.
FIG. 1 Diagram of the Medium Range Anti-Sag Meter
FIG. 2 Medium Range Anti-Sag Meter  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-May-2012
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.42 - Architectural Coatings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4400-99(2012) - Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D4400-18 - Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7394-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
• Effective Date: 15-May-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D4400 − 99 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Sole source of supply footnote was removed editorially and new footnote placed in Precision section in Novem-
ber 2012.
INTRODUCTION
The multinotch applicator used in this test method is a drawdown blade with a series of notches of
successively higher clearance, referred to as the Anti-Sag Meter. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for a
representative diagram and photograph. The numerical value for sag resistance obtained with this
instrument is referred to as the Anti-Sag Index.
Anti-Sag Meters are made with several clearance ranges for different types of coatings (see 5.1 and
Table 1). In developing this standard the task group used an instrument with a range from 4 to 24 mils,
but the method is applicable to any clearance range, and results using instruments with overlapping
ranges correlate and have equal validity.
The basic method was developed in 1962 and is referenced in U.S. Federal specifications
TT-E-508, TT-E-506, and TT-P-1511.
Apreshear program is essential for a drawdown sag test to duplicate the breakdown in structure that
occurs when thixotropic paints are applied by brushout or other practical application methods. The
procedures therefore include the preshearing of paints just prior to making test applications.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
thesagresistanceofaqueousandnonaqueousliquidcoatingsat D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
any level of sag resistance. Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
Viscometer
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.2 U.S. Federal Specifications:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Fed. Spec. TT-E-508 Alkyd semi-gloss enamel
only.
Fed. Spec. TT-E-506 Alkyd gloss enamel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fed. Spec. TT-P-1511 Interior latex gloss and semi-gloss
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
finishes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 After preshearing, the coating is applied to a test chart
with a multinotch applicator. The charts are immediately hung
vertically with the drawdown stripes horizontal, similar to
rungs of a ladder, with the thinnest stripe at the top. After
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4400 – 99 (2007). the ASTM website.
DOI: 10.1520/D4400-99R12E01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
“Design of an Improved Sag Tester,” Offıcial Digest, Vol 34, No. 453, October Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
1962. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4400 − 99 (2012)
FIG. 1 Diagram of the Medium Range Anti-Sag Meter
5.2.2 Plain White Charts, about 193 by 285 mm (7 ⁄8 by
11 ⁄4 in.).
5.3 Glass Drawdown Plate, plus straightedge guide for
attachment thereto.
5.4 Catch-papers, thin sheets of sealed paper, for catching
surplus paint at the completion of a drawdown.
5.5 Equipment for the Preshearing of Aqueous Coatings:
FIG. 2 Medium Range Anti-Sag Meter
5.5.1 Syringe, 10-mL, disposable plastic type.
5.5.2 Syringe Needle,15gby40mm(1 ⁄2 in.) to fit syringe.
dryinginthisposition,thedrawdownisexaminedandratedfor
5.5.3 Syringe Extension Tubing, clear vinyl, inside diameter
sagging. A typical sag pattern obtained by this procedure is
1 3
3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.), outside diameter 5 mm ( ⁄6 in.).
shown in Fig. 3.
5.6 Equipment for the Preshearing of Nonaqueous Coat-
4. Significance and Use
ings:
4.1 Evaluation of sag resistance is essential in quality
5.6.1 Rotary Mechanical Stirrer, variable speed.
controlforbothproducersandpurchasersofcoatings.Practical
5.6.2 Circular Mixing Paddle, diameter approximately 48
application tests are poor in reproducibility, while viscometric 7
mm (1 ⁄8 in.).
methods, for example Test Methods D2196, are time-
5.6.3 Mixing Container, cylindrical jar or can with capacity
consuming and lack the convincing aspect of actual sagging.
of up to 500 mL (1 pt).
This method provides simple and rapid tests, whereby sag
resistance is demonstrated by a visible sag pattern, and is rated
6. Procedure
objectively in terms of numerical values that correlate with
6.1 Preparation of Sample:
brushout test observations.
6.1.1 Stirthoroughlywithaspatulaintheoriginalcontainer.
5. Apparatus
6.1.2 Strain if necessary to remove large particles or skins.
6.1.3 Adjust the temperature of the coating to 23 6 2°C
5.1 Multinotch Applicator, Anti-Sag Meter, a drawdown
(73.5 6 3.5°F).
blade with a series of notches of successively higher clearance.
Select a clearance range suitable for the type of coating under
6.2 Preshearing with Syringe and Needle (Aqueous Coat-
test in accordance with Table 1.
ings):
6.2.1 Prepare the paint as described in 6.1.
5.2 Test Surfaces, sealed, smooth-surfaced paper test charts,
with sizes and designs as follows: 6.2.2 Cut a 60-mm (2 ⁄2-in.) length of syringe extension
tubing and attach it to the syringe.
5.2.1 Black and White Charts, about 193 by 288 mm (7 ⁄8
3 1
by 11 ⁄8 in.), the black area comprising about 140 mm (5 ⁄2 in.) 6.2.3 Press the syringe barrel firmly to expel air, dip the end
centered on the drawdown path.Achart of this design is shown of the syringe into the coating, pump slightly to expel remain-
in Figs. 3 and 4. ing air, then withdraw 8 mL of coating.
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D4400 − 99 (2012)
TABLE 1 Anti-Sag Meters—Available Ranges
A
Range For Coating Type: Notch Clearances
ASM-1 Standard Solvent-borne architectural Mils 3456789 10 11 12
µm 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
ASM-2 Low Industrial O.E.M. coatings Mils 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
µm 25 38 50 63 75 88 100 113 125 138 150
ASM-3 High High build coatings Mils 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60
µm 350 400 450 500 625 750 875 1000 1125 1250 1500
ASM-4 Medium Water borne architectural Mils
...