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ASTM D7547-14a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies.  
1.2 Unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this specification is for use in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers. This fuel is not considered suitable for use in other engines and associated aircraft that are certified to use only leaded aviation gasolines of the same octane grade.  
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time and place of delivery.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2014
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.02 - Aviation Piston Engine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7547-14 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D7547-14b - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
01-Oct-2014
Referred By
ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4529-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D910-21 - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4171-22 - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Effective Date
15-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2245-23 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
Effective Date
15-May-2014

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ASTM D7547-14a - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
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REDLINE ASTM D7547-14a - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation GasolineREDLINE ASTM D7547-14a - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7547 −14a AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended
ucts by Hydrometer Method
primarily for use by purchasing agencies.
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
1.2 Unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this specification
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
is for use in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers.This fuel is
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
not considered suitable for use in other engines and associated
and Distillate Fuels
aircraft that are certified to use only leaded aviation gasolines
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
of the same octane grade.
Ignition Engine Fuel
1.3 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the
Ignition Engine Fuel
time and place of delivery.
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as tion Spectroscopy
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
standard. tion of Aviation Fuels
D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Mono-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chloride Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Petroleum Products
2. Referenced Documents
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
2
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Petroleum Products
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Atmospheric Pressure
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
tion of Aviation Fuels
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
(Reid Method) D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
(Potential Residue Method) Method)
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.02 on J2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
Fuels.
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally
troscopy
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7547 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D7547-14A.
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ucts (Mini Method)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D6469 GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Systems
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7547−14a
NOTE 2—Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) can reduce knock ratings
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
3
below minimum specification values (see X1.2.3).
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.2.2.2 Di-Ethylene Glycol M
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7547 − 14 D7547 − 14a An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended
primarily for use by purchasing agencies.
1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline, containing no lead. It does not include all gasolines
satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower,
range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.Unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this specification is for use in
engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers. This fuel is not considered
suitable for use in other engines and associated aircraft that are certified to use only leaded aviation gasolines of the same octane
grade.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time
and place of delivery.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)
D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Monochloride Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.02 on J2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 15, 2014. Published May 2014July 2014. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D7547 – 13.D7547 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7547-14.10.1520/D7547-14A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7547 − 14a
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calori
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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