iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E2919-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pose measurement systems are used in a wide range of fields including manufacturing, material handling, construction, medicine, and aerospace. The use of pose measurement systems could, for example, replace the need to fix the poses of objects of interest by mechanical means.  
5.2 Potential users have difficulty comparing pose measurement systems because of the lack of standard performance specifications and test methods, and must rely on the specifications of a vendor regarding the system’s performance, capabilities, and suitability for a particular application. This standard makes it possible for a user to assess and compare the performance of candidate pose measurement systems, and allows the user to determine if the measured performance results are within the vendor’s claimed specifications with regard to the user’s application. This standard also facilitates the improvement of pose measurement systems by providing a common set of metrics to evaluate system performance.  
5.3 The intent of this test method is to allow a user to determine the performance of a vendor’s system under conditions specific to the user’s application, and to determine whether the system still performs in accordance with the vendor’s specifications under those conditions. The intention of this test method is not to validate a vendor’s claims; although, under specific situations, this test method may be adapted for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—In this test method, metrics and procedures for collecting and analyzing data to determine the performance of a pose measurement system in computing the pose (position and orientation) of a rigid object are provided.  
1.2 This test method applies to the situation in which both the object and the pose measurement system are static with respect to each other when measurements are performed. Vendors may use this test method to establish the performance limits for their six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose measurement systems. The vendor may use the procedures described in 9.2 to generate the test statistics, then apply an appropriate margin or scaling factor as desired to generate the performance specifications. This test method also provides a uniform way to report the relative or absolute pose measurement capability of the system, or both, making it possible to compare the performance of different systems.  
1.3 Test Location—The methodology defined in this test method shall be performed in a facility in which the environmental conditions are within the pose measurement system’s rated conditions and meet the user’s requirements.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2014
ICS
17.040.99 - Other standards related to linear and angular measurements
Technical Committee
E57 - 3D Imaging Systems
Drafting Committee
E57.23 - Industrial 3D Machine Vision Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM E2919-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), PoseASTM E2919-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E2919-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose
English language
15 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM E2919-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), PoseREDLINE ASTM E2919-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM E2919-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose
English language
15 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2919 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static,
1
Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Purpose—In this test method, metrics and procedures 2.1 ASTM Standards:
for collecting and analyzing data to determine the performance E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
of a pose measurement system in computing the pose (position E2544 Terminology for Three-Dimensional (3D) Imaging
and orientation) of a rigid object are provided. Systems
3
2.2 ASME Standard:
1.2 This test method applies to the situation in which both
ASME B89.4.19 Performance Evaluation of Laser-Based
the object and the pose measurement system are static with
Spherical Coordinate Measurement Systems
respect to each other when measurements are performed.
4
Vendors may use this test method to establish the performance 2.3 ISO/IEC Standards:
JCGM 200:2012 International Vocabulary of Metrology—
limits for their six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose measure-
ment systems. The vendor may use the procedures described in Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM),
3rd edition
9.2 to generate the test statistics, then apply an appropriate
margin or scaling factor as desired to generate the performance JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data—Guide
to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)
specifications. This test method also provides a uniform way to
report the relative or absolute pose measurement capability of IEC 60050-300:2001 International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary—Electrical and Electronic Measurements and
the system, or both, making it possible to compare the
performance of different systems. Measuring Instruments
1.3 Test Location—The methodology defined in this test
3. Terminology
method shall be performed in a facility in which the environ-
3.1 Definitions from Other Standards:
mental conditions are within the pose measurement system’s
3.1.1 calibration, n—operation that, under specified
rated conditions and meet the user’s requirements.
conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
measurement standards and corresponding indications with
this standard.
associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement result from an indication. JCGM 200:2012
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(1) A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibra-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or cali-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
bration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
multiplicative correction of the indication with associated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
measurement uncertainty.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E57 on 3D the ASTM website.
3
Imaging Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E57.23 on Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Industrial 3D Machine Vision Systems. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally www.asme.org.
4
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2919-13. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E2919-14. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2919 − 13 E2919 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static,
1
Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Purpose—In this test method, metrics and procedures for collecting and analyzing data to determine the performance of a
pose measurement system in computing the pose (position and orientation) of a rigid object are provided.
1.2 This test method applies to the situation in which both the object and the pose measurement system are static with respect
to each other when measurements are performed. Vendors may use this test method to establish the performance limits for their
six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose measurement systems. The vendor may use the procedures described in Section 9.2 to
generate the test statistics, then apply an appropriate margin or scaling factor as desired to generate the performance specifications.
This test method also provides a uniform way to report the relative or absolute pose measurement capability of the system, or both,
making it possible to compare the performance of different systems.
1.3 Test Location—The methodology defined in this test method shall be performed in a facility in which the environmental
conditions are within the pose measurement system’s rated conditions and meet the user’s requirements.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2544 Terminology for Three-Dimensional (3D) Imaging Systems
3
2.2 ASME Standard:
ASME B89.4.19 Performance Evaluation of Laser-Based Spherical Coordinate Measurement Systems
4
2.3 ISO/IEC Standards:
JCGM 200:2012 International Vocabulary of Metrology—Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM), 3rd edition
JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data—Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)
IEC 60050-300:2001 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary—Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Measuring
Instruments
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions from Other Standards:
3.1.1 calibration, n—operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values
with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E57 on 3D Imaging Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E57.02 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013July 1, 2014. Published June 2013August 2014. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2919-13.
DOI: 10.1520/E2919-13.10.1520/E2919-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2919 − 14
uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an
indication. JCGM 200:2012
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
(1) A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration
table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2919-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pose measurement systems are used in a wide range of fields including manufacturing, material handling, construction, medicine, and aerospace. The use of pose measurement systems could, for example, replace the need to fix the poses of objects of interest by mechanical means.  
5.2 Potential users have difficulty comparing pose measurement systems because of the lack of standard performance specifications and test methods, and must rely on the specifications of a vendor regarding the system’s performance, capabilities, and suitability for a particular application. This standard makes it possible for a user to assess and compare the performance of candidate pose measurement systems, and allows the user to determine if the measured performance results are within the vendor’s claimed specifications with regard to the user’s application. This standard also facilitates the improvement of pose measurement systems by providing a common set of metrics to evaluate system performance.  
5.3 The intent of this test method is to allow a user to determine the performance of a vendor’s system under conditions specific to the user’s application, and to determine whether the system still performs in accordance with the vendor’s specifications under those conditions. The intention of this test method is not to validate a vendor’s claims; although, under specific situations, this test method may be adapted for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—In this test method, metrics and procedures for collecting and analyzing data to determine the performance of a pose measurement system in computing the pose (position and orientation) of a rigid object are provided.  
1.2 This test method applies to the situation in which both the object and the pose measurement system are static with respect to each other when measurements are performed. Vendors may use this test method to establish the performance limits for their six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose measurement systems. The vendor may use the procedures described in 9.2 to generate the test statistics, then apply an appropriate margin or scaling factor as desired to generate the performance specifications. This test method also provides a uniform way to report the relative or absolute pose measurement capability of the system, or both, making it possible to compare the performance of different systems.  
1.3 Test Location—The methodology defined in this test method shall be performed in a facility in which the environmental conditions are within the pose measurement system’s rated conditions and meet the user’s requirements.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3125-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Point-to-Point Distance Measurement Performance of Spherical Coordinate 3D Imaging Systems in the Medium Range

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides a test method for obtaining the point-to-point distance measurement errors for medium-range 3D imaging systems. The results from this test method may be used to evaluate or to verify the point-to-point distance measurement performance of medium-range 3D imaging systems. The results from this test method may also be used to compare performance among different instruments.  
4.2 The purpose of this document is to provide test procedures that are sensitive to instrument error sources. The point-to-point distance measurement performance of the IUT obtained by the application of this test method may be different from the point-to-point distance measurement performance of the IUT under some real-world conditions. For example, object geometry, texture, surface reflectance factor, and temperature, as well as particulate matter, thermal gradients, atmospheric pressure, humidity, ambient lighting in the environment, mechanical vibrations, and wind induced test setup instability will affect the point-to-point distance measurement performance (see Appendix X10 for a discussion on thermal effects). A derived-point such as the center of a suitable sphere or plate target that meets the requirements described in Section 7 provides a reliable point in space that is minimally impacted by target-related properties such as geometry, surface texture, color, and reflectivity. Additional tests not described in this standard may be required to assess the contribution of these influence factors on point-to-point distance measurements.  
4.3 The test may be carried out for instrument acceptance, warranty or contractual purposes by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the user. The IUT is tested in accordance with manufacturer-supplied specifications, rated conditions, and technical documentation.  
4.4 For the purposes of understanding the behavior of the IUT and without warranty implications, this test may be modified as necessary to evaluate the point...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the performance evaluation of laser-based, scanning, time-of-flight, single-detector 3D imaging systems in the medium-range and provides a basis for comparisons among such systems. This standard best applies to spherical coordinate 3D imaging systems that are capable of producing a point cloud representation of an object of interest. In particular, this standard establishes requirements and test procedures for evaluating the derived-point to derived-point distance measurement performance throughout the work volume of these systems. Although the tests described in this standard may be used for non-spherical coordinate 3D imaging systems, the test method may not necessarily be sensitive to the error sources within those instruments.  
1.2 System performance is evaluated by comparing measured distance errors between pairs of derived-points to the manufacturer-specified, maximum permissible errors (MPEs). In this standard, a derived-point is a point computed using multiple measured points on the target surface (such as the center of a sphere). In the remainder of this standard, the term point-to-point distance refers to the distance between two derived-points.  
1.3 The term “medium-range” refers to systems that are capable of operating within at least a portion of the ranges from 2 m to 150 m. The term “time-of-flight systems” includes phase-based, pulsed, and chirped systems. The word “standard” in this document refers to a documentary standard in accordance with Terminology E284.  
1.4 This test method may be used once to evaluate the Instrument Under Test (IUT) for a given set of conditions or it may be used multiple times to assess the performance of the IUT for various conditions (for example, surface reflectance factors, environmental conditions).  
1.5 SI units are used for all calculations and results in this standard.  
1.6 This test method is not intended to replace more in-depth m...

  • Standard
    38 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2919-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Systems that Measure Static, Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF), Pose

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pose measurement systems are used in a wide range of fields including manufacturing, material handling, construction, medicine, and aerospace. The use of pose measurement systems could, for example, replace the need to fix the poses of objects of interest by mechanical means.  
5.2 Potential users have difficulty comparing pose measurement systems because of the lack of standard performance specifications and test methods, and must rely on the specifications of a vendor regarding the system’s performance, capabilities, and suitability for a particular application. This standard makes it possible for a user to assess and compare the performance of candidate pose measurement systems, and allows the user to determine if the measured performance results are within the vendor’s claimed specifications with regard to the user’s application. This standard also facilitates the improvement of pose measurement systems by providing a common set of metrics to evaluate system performance.  
5.3 The intent of this test method is to allow a user to determine the performance of a vendor’s system under conditions specific to the user’s application, and to determine whether the system still performs in accordance with the vendor’s specifications under those conditions. The intention of this test method is not to validate a vendor’s claims; although, under specific situations, this test method may be adapted for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—In this test method, metrics and procedures for collecting and analyzing data to determine the performance of a pose measurement system in computing the pose (position and orientation) of a rigid object are provided.  
1.2 This test method applies to the situation in which both the object and the pose measurement system are static with respect to each other when measurements are performed. Vendors may use this test method to establish the performance limits for their six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose measurement systems. The vendor may use the procedures described in 9.2 to generate the test statistics, then apply an appropriate margin or scaling factor as desired to generate the performance specifications. This test method also provides a uniform way to report the relative or absolute pose measurement capability of the system, or both, making it possible to compare the performance of different systems.  
1.3 Test Location—The methodology defined in this test method shall be performed in a facility in which the environmental conditions are within the pose measurement system’s rated conditions and meet the user’s requirements.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6341-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The coefficient of linear thermal expansion, α, between temperatures T1  and T2  for a specimen whose length is L0  at the reference temperature, is given by the following equation:
Where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature.  
5.2 The nature of most plastics and the construction applications for which plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are used, make –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) a practical temperature range for linear thermal expansion measurements. Where testing outside of this temperature range or when linear thermal expansion characteristics of a particular plastic are not known through this temperature range, particular attention shall be paid to the factors mentioned in 1.2 and it is possible that special preliminary investigations by thermo-mechanical analysis, such as what is prescribed in Practice D4065 for the location of transition temperatures, will be required, in order to avoid excessive error. If such a transition point is located, a separate coefficient of expansion for a temperature range below and above the transition point shall be determined. For specification and comparison purposes (provided it is known that no transition exists in this range), the range from –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) shall be used. (For reference, glass transition and melting point temperatures of typical resins used in plastic lumber products are given in Appendix X2 of this test method.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes to two significant figures. The determination is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three discrete temperatures. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.  
1.1.1 This test method details the determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.  
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors. This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of non-linear factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approximation but not necessarily precise determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.  
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or other plastic composite materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This internation...

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6274-18(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging - Gamma

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of gamma logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.  
5.2 The benefits of its use include improving selection of gamma logging methods and equipment, gamma log quality and reliability, and usefulness of the gamma log data for subsequent display and interpretation.  
5.3 This guide applies to commonly used gamma logging methods for geotechnical applications.  
5.4 It is essential that personnel (see the Personnel section of Guide D5753) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on the gamma technique, application, and interpretation methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to conduct gamma, natural gamma, total count gamma, or gamma ray (hereafter referred to as gamma) logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investigations. Spectral gamma and logging where gamma measurements are made in conjunction with a nuclear source are excluded (for example, neutron activation and gamma-gamma density logs). Gamma logging for minerals or petroleum applications are excluded.  
1.2 This guide defines a gamma log as a record of gamma activity of the formation adjacent to a borehole with depth (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
FIG. 1 Example of a Gamma Log From Near the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in the USA (in cps)  
Note 1: This figure demonstrates how the log can be used to identify specific formations, illustrating scale wrap-around for a local gamma peak, and showing how the contact between two formations is picked to coincide with the half-way point of the transition between the gamma activities of the two formations.
FIG. 2 Example of a Gamma Log for the Hydrologic Observation Well KGS #1 Braun located near Hays, Kansas in the USA (in API units whereby SGR reflects the derived total gamma ray log (the sum of all the radiation contributions), and CGR reflects the computed gamma ray log (the sum of the potassium and thorium responses, leaving out the contribution from uranium).  
1.2.1 Gamma logs are commonly used to delineate lithology, correlate measurements made on different logging runs, and define stratigraphic correlation between boreholes (See Fig. 3).
FIG. 3 Example of Gamma Logs From Two Boreholes
Note 1: From a study site showing how the gamma logs can be used to identify where beds intersect each of the individual boreholes, demonstrating lateral continuity of the subsurface geology.  
1.3 This guide is restricted to gamma logging with nuclear counters consisting of scintillation detectors (crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes), which are the most common gamma measurement devices used in geotechnical applications.  
1.4 This guide provides an overview of gamma logging including general procedures, specific documentation, calibration and standardization, and log quality and interpretation.  
1.5 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.  
1.6 Gamma logs should be collected by an operator that is trained in geophysical logging procedures. Gamma logs should be interpreted by a professional experienced in log analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.7.1 The gamma log is typically recorded in units of counts per second (cps) or American Petroleum Institute (API) units. The gamma ray API unit is defined as 1/20...

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3125-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Point-to-Point Distance Measurement Performance of Spherical Coordinate 3D Imaging Systems in the Medium Range

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides a test method for obtaining the point-to-point distance measurement errors for medium-range 3D imaging systems. The results from this test method may be used to evaluate or to verify the point-to-point distance measurement performance of medium-range 3D imaging systems. The results from this test method may also be used to compare performance among different instruments.  
4.2 The purpose of this document is to provide test procedures that are sensitive to instrument error sources. The point-to-point distance measurement performance of the IUT obtained by the application of this test method may be different from the point-to-point distance measurement performance of the IUT under some real-world conditions. For example, object geometry, texture, surface reflectance factor, and temperature, as well as particulate matter, thermal gradients, atmospheric pressure, humidity, ambient lighting in the environment, mechanical vibrations, and wind induced test setup instability will affect the point-to-point distance measurement performance (see Appendix X10 for a discussion on thermal effects). A derived-point such as the center of a suitable sphere or plate target that meets the requirements described in Section 7 provides a reliable point in space that is minimally impacted by target-related properties such as geometry, surface texture, color, and reflectivity. Additional tests not described in this standard may be required to assess the contribution of these influence factors on point-to-point distance measurements.  
4.3 The test may be carried out for instrument acceptance, warranty or contractual purposes by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the user. The IUT is tested in accordance with manufacturer-supplied specifications, rated conditions, and technical documentation.  
4.4 For the purposes of understanding the behavior of the IUT and without warranty implications, this test may be modified as necessary to evaluate the point...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the performance evaluation of laser-based, scanning, time-of-flight, single-detector 3D imaging systems in the medium-range and provides a basis for comparisons among such systems. This standard best applies to spherical coordinate 3D imaging systems that are capable of producing a point cloud representation of an object of interest. In particular, this standard establishes requirements and test procedures for evaluating the derived-point to derived-point distance measurement performance throughout the work volume of these systems. Although the tests described in this standard may be used for non-spherical coordinate 3D imaging systems, the test method may not necessarily be sensitive to the error sources within those instruments.  
1.2 System performance is evaluated by comparing measured distance errors between pairs of derived-points to the manufacturer-specified, maximum permissible errors (MPEs). In this standard, a derived-point is a point computed using multiple measured points on the target surface (such as the center of a sphere). In the remainder of this standard, the term point-to-point distance refers to the distance between two derived-points.  
1.3 The term “medium-range” refers to systems that are capable of operating within at least a portion of the ranges from 2 m to 150 m. The term “time-of-flight systems” includes phase-based, pulsed, and chirped systems. The word “standard” in this document refers to a documentary standard in accordance with Terminology E284.  
1.4 This test method may be used once to evaluate the Instrument Under Test (IUT) for a given set of conditions or it may be used multiple times to assess the performance of the IUT for various conditions (for example, surface reflectance factors, environmental conditions).  
1.5 SI units are used for all calculations and results in this standard.  
1.6 This test method is not intended to replace more in-depth m...

  • Standard
    38 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3337-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measurements on Weathered Fractions of Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A standard procedure is necessary to establish property changes for spilled oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.  
5.2 This procedure employs standardized equipment, and test procedures.  
5.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to fractionate oil by evaporative weathering and then measure the properties and behavior of the weathered oil. The results of this guide can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models and response method selection.  
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for oil weathering and behavior and does not cover all possible procedures which may be applicable to this topic.  
1.3 The results obtained using this guide are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products when spilled and input to oil spill models.  
1.4 The results obtained using this guide can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.  
1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off