ASTM D4618-92(2010)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Design and Fabrication of Flue Gas Desulfurization System Components for Protective Lining Application
Standard Specification for Design and Fabrication of Flue Gas Desulfurization System Components for Protective Lining Application
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization equipment, including absorber, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork, and associated equipment intended for use in protective lining applications, that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both. It does not however cover the structural performance of the components and the use of metallic linings. Each of the components shall be designed in such a way that it conforms to the engineering requirements for rigidity wherein the effects of pressure, wind, seismic, and other design loads shall be considered; accessability to welding, grinding, surface preparation, and lining application; shell penetrations; appurtenances inside components such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gaging devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets; and structural reinforcement members and supports. All internal welds shall be continuous without imperfections and the degree of weld preparation prior to lining shall depend on the type of lining to be applied. Riveted joints and internal bolted joints shall not be used while lap bolted joints shall be avoided whenever possible. Intermittent or spot welding shall not be permitted as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.
1.2 Limitations:
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases in which the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences shall be resolved before fabrication is started.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4618 −92 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Design and Fabrication of Flue Gas Desulfurization System
Components for Protective Lining Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in October 2010.
1. Scope materials. Manufacturer’s recommendations for maximum
strains or deflection limits for the lining material shall be
1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of
followed.
metal components for flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
2.1.2 The weight of the lining system shall be considered in
equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, duct-
the structural design of the component.
work and associated equipment that are to be lined for
2.1.3 Thedesignshallconsidertheeffectsofpressure,wind,
corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.
seismic and other design loads.
1.2 Limitations:
2.1.4 Vibration may cause flexing or high surface strains on
1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design
the lining.This is of particular concern to rigid lining materials
considerations for successful application and performance of
and shall be minimized.
protective linings for FGD system components.
2.1.5 Special consideration shall be given to all conditions
1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD
of potentially excessive strain such as unsupported bottom
components.
areas, oil-canning, out of roundness, sidewall-to-bottom joints,
1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.
and so forth.
1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements
2.1.5.1 Where a component is on a concrete foundation,
for lining work. In cases in which the manufacturer’s instruc-
grouting shall be done if necessary to correct unsupported
tions and recommendations differ from this specification, these
bottom areas.
differences shall be resolved before fabrication is started.
2.1.5.2 Sand fill shall not be used for bottom support unless
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
provisions are made to ensure that the sand cannot be lost as a
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
result of erosion.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
2.2 Accessibility:
and are not considered standard.
2.2.1 All interior surfaces of the components shall be
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designed to be readily accessible for welding, grinding, surface
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
preparation, and lining application.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2.2 The minimum manway size for a working entrance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
during lining application shall be 36 in. (900 mm) in diameter
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or 24 in. (600 mm) width by 36 in. (900 mm) height.
2.2.2.1 Closed components shall have a minimum of two
2. Design/Engineering Requirements
manways, one near the top and one near the bottom, preferably
2.1 Rigidity:
located 180° apart to facilitate adequate ventilation for work-
2.1.1 The components shall be designed so that the interior
ers.
metal surfaces are sufficiently rigid for the intended lining
2.2.2.2 Additional or larger openings may be required to
facilitate ventilation and material handling. The lining material
applicator should be consulted for specific requirements.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on
2.3 Shell Penetrations:
ProtectiveCoatingandLiningWorkforPowerGenerationFacilitiesandisthedirect
responsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining forAir Quality Control 2.3.1 Openings such as, inlets, manholes, and outlet nozzles
Systems.
shall be flush with the interior wall.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved
2.3.1.1 Inlet nozzles may extend into vessels if incoming
in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4618 – 92 (2003). DOI:
10.1520/D4618-92R10E01. fluids will be detrimental to lining materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4618−92 (2010)
2.3.2 Any exterior or interior connection shall be flanged to must be installed internally, these members shall be fully seal
facilitate lining. welded and the edges ground to a ⁄8 in. (3 mm) minimum
2.3.3 The maximum length of flanged nozzles, 4 in. (100 radius.
mm) and greater in diameter, shall not exceed the dimensions 2.5.3 If closed chambers are formed with internal box
in Table 1. beamsorpipes,theyshallbeventedtothevesselexterioratthe
2.3.3.1 Only 4 in. (100 mm) diameter and larger nozzles lowest point, so that pressures are not developed during
shall be used for maximum reliability of the lining system. operation and possible curing procedures and so that corrosion,
2.3.3.2 As an alternative to lined nozzles, compatible caused by localized lining failures, can be observed early.
prefabricated, reinforced plastic, ceramic or alloy metal inserts
3. Fabrication
(sleeves) may be used if they offer superior corrosion and
abrasion protection. Lining shall overlap onto prefabricated
3.1 Welds:
liners.
3.1.1 All internal welds to be lined shall be continuous
2.3.3.3 If an insert is used as an alternate, the lining shall
without imperfections such as weld slag, weld spatter, rough
overlap unto the insert or some other means of ensuring an
surfaces, undercutting, high peaks, porosity, sharp corners,
adequate seal should be provided.
sharp edges, and inadequate thickness. Imperfections shall be
2.3.4 Lining thickness may dictate changes in nozzle di-
corrected (see Fig. 1).
mensions to achieve design flow rates.
3.1.2 The degree of weld preparation before lining depends
on the type of lining to be applied. The lining manufacturer
2.4 Appurtenances inside Components:
shall be consulted for specific requirements for weld prepara-
2.4.1 The requirements in Sections 2 and 3 apply to any
tion during the design of the component and before start of
appurtenances that are being lined and installed inside a lined
fabrication.
component, such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gauging
3.1.3 Use of weld display samples before and after grinding
devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets.
may be of help to the component fabricator in supplying
2.4.2 If appurtenances inside the component cannot be
lined, they shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials. If
alloys are used, the lining shall carry over the welded area onto
the alloy a minim
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