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ASTM D5929-96(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry

Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
As the crisis in solid waste continues to grow, MSW composting is increasingly being considered as one component in the overall solid waste management strategy. The volume reduction achieved by composting, combined with the production of a usable end product, is resulting in increasing numbers of municipalities analyzing and selecting MSW composting as an alternative to incineration or to reduce reliance on landfill disposal. This test method will help determine the effect of materials on the compost process and establish if the material can be properly disposed through solid waste composting facilities.5  
This test method attempts to provide a simulation of the overall compost process while maintaining reproducibility. Exposing the test material with several other types of materials that are typically in MSW provides an environment which provides the key characteristics of composting: material not in a sole carbon source environment which allows co-metabolism, compost system is self heating, and provides a direct measurement of organism respiration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions typical of municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A material is composted under controlled conditions using a synthetic compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide production, and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the test. This test method does not establish the suitability of the composted product for any use.
1.2 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-1996
ICS
13.080.30 - Biological properties of soils
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5929-96 - Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry
Effective Date
10-Mar-1996
Replaced By
ASTM D5929-96(2009) - Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009

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ASTM D5929-96(2004) - Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost RespirometryASTM D5929-96(2004) - Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry
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ASTM D5929-96(2004) - Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5929–96(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to
Municipal Solid Waste Composting Conditions by Compost
1
Respirometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test
a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions method appear in Terminology D1129.
typical of municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A mate- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rial is composted under controlled conditions using a synthetic 3.2.1 acclimation time, n—the time required for the oxygen
compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumu- uptake to reach 10 % of the total measured cumulative oxygen
4
lative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide production, uptake.
and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the 3.2.2 oxygen uptake, n—the cumulative oxygen consumed
test. This test method does not establish the suitability of the by the organisms during the test.
composted product for any use. 3.2.3 theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCDP),
1.2 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to n—the maximum carbon dioxide that can be produced by a
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in material as calculated by the carbon content of the material.
parentheses are for information only. 3.2.4 theoretical oxygen uptake (ThOU), n— the maximum
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the oxygen consumption required to fully oxidize a material based
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the on the elemental content of the material.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.5 virgin newsprint—nonprinted newspaper roll stock.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method consists of the following:
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1 The samples are prepared by cutting or forming the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: material into the form it would most likely be seen in the waste
D513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Diox- stream.Atheoretical maximum carbon dioxide production and
ide in Water oxygen uptake are determined from an elemental analysis.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water 4.1.2 An inoculum is obtained from a municipal MSW or
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water yard waste compost facility. It is procured from a static pile
D2908 Practice for Measuring Volatile Organic Matter in that has been composting for at least two months.
Water by Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography 4.1.3 ThesyntheticMSWispreparedfromvirginnewsprint,
2.2 APHA-AWWA-WEF Standard Methods: pine bark or wood chips, corn starch, corn oil, bovine casein,
2540G Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Solid and Semi- and urea.Abuffer/dilution water is prepared from magnesium,
3
solid Samples calcium, iron and a phosphate buffer.
4.1.4 The test material, synthetic compost, inoculum, and
dilution water are combined and placed in a highly insulated
reactor which monitors oxygen consumption and temperature
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
and captures all evolved carbon dioxide.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 onTreatment,
Recovery and Reuse. 4.1.5 The system is monitored, and oxygen uptake rates,
Current edition approved March 10, 1996. Published May 1996. DOI: 10.1520/
temperature profiles, and total carbon dioxide produced are
D5929-96R04.
recorded.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from American Public Health Assoc., 1015 15th Street, NW, Tabak, Henry H. and Lewis, Ronald F., CEC/OECD Ring Test of Respiration
Washington, DC 20005, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Method for Determination of Biodegradability, U. S. Environmental Protection
Water, 18th ed., 1992. Agency, pp. 1–3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5929–96 (2004)
4.1.6 The total oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide produced 6.2.3 Computer C
...

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5.1 MSW composting is considered an important component in the overall solid waste management strategy. The volume reduction achieved by composting, combined with the production of a usable end product (for example, compost as a soil amendment), has resulted in municipalities analyzing and selecting source-separated organic MSW composting as an alternative to landfill disposal of biodegradable organic materials. This standard provides a method to analyze and determine the effect of materials on the compost process and the performance, utility, and feasibility of the composting process as a method for managing organic solid waste material.5 Using this method, key parameters of process performance, including theoretical oxygen uptake (ThOU) and theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCO2P) are determined.  
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Hazards  
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1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 MSW composting is considered an important component in the overall solid waste management strategy. The volume reduction achieved by composting, combined with the production of a usable end product (for example, compost as a soil amendment), has resulted in municipalities analyzing and selecting source-separated organic MSW composting as an alternative to landfill disposal of biodegradable organic materials. This standard provides a method to analyze and determine the effect of materials on the compost process and the performance, utility, and feasibility of the composting process as a method for managing organic solid waste material.5 Using this method, key parameters of process performance, including theoretical oxygen uptake (ThOU) and theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCO2P) are determined.  
5.2 This test method provides a simulation of the overall compost process while maintaining reproducibility. Exposing the test material with several other types of organic materials that are typically in MSW provides an environment which provides the key characteristics of the composting process, including direct measurement of organism respiration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions typical of source-separated organic municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A material is composted under controlled conditions using a synthetic compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide production, and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the test. This test method does not establish the suitability of the composted product for any use.  
1.2 This test is performed at mesophilic temperatures. Some municipal compost operations reach thermophilic temperatures during operation. Thermophilic temperatures can affect the biodegradation of some materials. This test is not intended to replicate conditions within municipal compost operations that reach thermophilic temperatures.  
1.3 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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