ASTM D5929-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Source-Separated Organic Municipal Solid Waste Mesophilic Composting Conditions by Respirometry
Standard Test Method for Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to Source-Separated Organic Municipal Solid Waste Mesophilic Composting Conditions by Respirometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 MSW composting is considered an important component in the overall solid waste management strategy. The volume reduction achieved by composting, combined with the production of a usable end product (for example, compost as a soil amendment), has resulted in municipalities analyzing and selecting source-separated organic MSW composting as an alternative to landfill disposal of biodegradable organic materials. This standard provides a method to analyze and determine the effect of materials on the compost process and the performance, utility, and feasibility of the composting process as a method for managing organic solid waste material.5 Using this method, key parameters of process performance, including theoretical oxygen uptake (ThOU) and theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCO2P) are determined.
5.2 This test method provides a simulation of the overall compost process while maintaining reproducibility. Exposing the test material with several other types of organic materials that are typically in MSW provides an environment which provides the key characteristics of the composting process, including direct measurement of organism respiration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions typical of source-separated organic municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A material is composted under controlled conditions using a synthetic compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide production, and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the test. This test method does not establish the suitability of the composted product for any use.
1.2 This test is performed at mesophilic temperatures. Some municipal compost operations reach thermophilic temperatures during operation. Thermophilic temperatures can affect the biodegradation of some materials. This test is not intended to replicate conditions within municipal compost operations that reach thermophilic temperatures.
1.3 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5929 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to
Source-Separated Organic Municipal Solid Waste Mesophilic
1
Composting Conditions by Respirometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthebiodegradationpropertiesof 2.1 ASTM Standards:
a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions D513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
typical of source-separated organic municipal solid waste in Water
(MSW) composting.Amaterial is composted under controlled D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
conditions using a synthetic compost matrix and determining D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative D2908 Practice for Measuring Volatile Organic Matter in
carbon dioxide production, and percent of theoretical biodeg- Water by Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
radation over the period of the test. This test method does not D6247 Test Method for Determination of Elemental Content
establish the suitability of the composted product for any use. of Polyolefins by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-
cence Spectrometry
1.2 This test is performed at mesophilic temperatures. Some
E1621 Guide for ElementalAnalysis by Wavelength Disper-
municipal compost operations reach thermophilic temperatures
sive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
during operation. Thermophilic temperatures can affect the
3
2.2 APHA-AWWA-WEF Standard Method:
biodegradation of some materials. This test is not intended to
2540G Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Solid and Semi-
replicate conditions within municipal compost operations that
solid Samples
reach thermophilic temperatures.
1.3 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to
3. Terminology
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test
parentheses are for information only.
method appear in Terminology D1129.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 acclimation time, n—the time required for the oxygen
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
uptake to reach 10 % of the total measured cumulative oxygen
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4
uptake.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 inoculum, n—a mixture of organic substances in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
varying degrees of biodegradation to provide microbial-rich
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
substrate in which to perform biodegradation testing.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Available from American Public Health Assoc., 1015 15th Street, NW,
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, Washington, DC 20005, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Recovery and Reuse. Water, 18th ed., 1992.
4
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally Tabak, H. H. and Lewis, R. F., “CEC/OECD Ring Test of Respiration Method
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5929 – 96 (2009). for Determination of Biodegradability,” U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, pp.
DOI: 10.1520/D5929-18. 1–3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5929 − 18
3.2.3 oxygen uptake, n—the cumulative oxygen consumed 5.2 This test method provides a simulation of the overall
by the organisms during the test. compost process while maintaining reproducibility. Exposing
the test material with several other types
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5929 − 96 (Reapproved 2009) D5929 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Biodegradability of Materials Exposed to
Source-Separated Organic Municipal Solid Waste Mesophilic
1
Composting Conditions by Compost Respirometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5929; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions typical
of source-separated organic municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A material is composted under controlled conditions using
a synthetic compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide
production, and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the test. This test method does not establish the suitability
of the composted product for any use.
1.2 This test is performed at mesophilic temperatures. Some municipal compost operations reach thermophilic temperatures
during operation. Thermophilic temperatures can affect the biodegradation of some materials. This test is not intended to replicate
conditions within municipal compost operations that reach thermophilic temperatures.
1.3 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D2908 Practice for Measuring Volatile Organic Matter in Water by Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
D6247 Test Method for Determination of Elemental Content of Polyolefins by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry
E1621 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
3
2.2 APHA-AWWA-WEF Standard Methods:Method:
2540G Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Solid and Semisolid Samples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test method appear in Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2018. Published November 2009February 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as D5929-96(2004).D5929 – 96 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5929-96R09.10.1520/D5929-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Public Health Assoc., 1015 15th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 18th
ed., 1992.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5929 − 18
3.2.1 acclimation time, n—the time required for the oxygen uptake to reach 10 % of the total measured cumulative oxygen
4
uptake.
3.2.2 inoculum, n—a mixture of organic substances in varying degrees of biodegradation to provide microbial-rich substrate in
which to perform biodegradation testing.
3.2.3 oxygen uptake, n—the cumulative oxygen consumed by the organisms during the test.
3.2.4 theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCDP),(ThCO P), n—the maximum carbon d
...
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