ASTM D5291-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This is the first ASTM standard covering the simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants.
Carbon, hydrogen, and particularly nitrogen analyses are useful in determining the complex nature of sample types covered by this test method. The CHN results can be used to estimate the processing and refining potentials and yields in the petrochemical industry.
The concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. Knowledge of its concentration can be used to predict performance. Some petroleum products also contain naturally occurring nitrogen. Knowledge of hydrogen content in samples is helpful in addressing their performance characteristics. Hydrogen to carbon ratio is useful to assess the performance of upgrading processes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 to 87 mass % for carbon, at least 9 to 16 mass % for hydrogen, and 0.1 to 2 mass % for nitrogen.
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing 0.75 mass % nitrogen, or both, such as gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, diesel fuel, or chemical solvents.
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 mass% nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5291 − 10
StandardTest Methods for
Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
1
Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheinstrumentaldetermination 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent Petroleum Products
the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen. D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
hydrogen and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were
Measurement System Performance
testedintheconcentrationrangeofatleast75to87mass%for
carbon, at least 9 to 16 mass % for hydrogen, and <0.1 to 2
3. Summary of Test Methods
mass % for nitrogen.
3.1 In these test methods, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light
aredeterminedconcurrentlyinasingleinstrumentalprocedure.
materials or those containing <0.75 mass % nitrogen, or both,
With some systems, the procedure consists of simply weighing
such as gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, diesel fuel, or chemical
a portion of the sample, placing the portion in the instrument,
solvents.
and initiating the (subsequently automatic) analytical process.
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 mass%
In other systems, the analytical process, to some degree, is
nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.
manually controlled.
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analy-
3.2 The actual process can vary substantially from instru-
sis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate
ment to instrument, since a variety of means can be utilized to
blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.
effect the primary requirements of the test methods. All
satisfactory processes provide for the following:
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass %
3.2.1 The conversion of the subject materials (in their
carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.
entirety) to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and elemental
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
nitrogen, respectively, and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.2 The subsequent, quantitative determination of these
standard.
gases in an appropriate gas stream.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 The conversion of the subject materials to their corre-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sponding gases takes place largely during combustion of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sample at an elevated temperature in an atmosphere of purified
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
oxygen. Here, a variety of gaseous materials are produced,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
including the following:
3.3.1 Carbon dioxide from the oxidation of organic and
elemental carbon,
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
2
tee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5291–09. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D5291-10. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5291 − 10
3.3.2 Hydrogen halides from organic halides (and organic combustion takes place primed by the oxidation of the con-
hydrogen, as required), tainer. Quantitative combustion is then achieved by passing the
3.3.3 Water vapor from the oxidation of (the remaining) gasesoverchromiumtrioxideandcupricoxide.Themixtureof
organic hydrogen and the liberation of moisture, thecombustiongasesistransferredovercopperatabout640°C
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5291–09 Designation:D5291–10
Standard Test Methods for
Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
1
Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of
petroleum products and lubricants. Values obtained represent the total carbon, the total hydrogen, and the total nitrogen.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to samples such as crude oils, fuel oils, additives, and residues for carbon and hydrogen
and nitrogen analysis. These test methods were tested in the concentration range of at least 75 to 87 mass % for carbon, at least
9 to 16 mass % for hydrogen, and <0.1 to 2 mass % for nitrogen.
1.3 The nitrogen test method is not applicable to light materials or those containing <0.75 mass % nitrogen, or both, such as
gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, diesel fuel, or chemical solvents.
1.3.1 However, using Test Method D levels of 0.1 mass% nitrogen in lubricants could be determined.
1.4 These test methods are not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends,
or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels.
1.5 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 In these test methods, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are determined concurrently in a single instrumental procedure. With
some systems, the procedure consists of simply weighing a portion of the sample, placing the portion in the instrument, and
initiating the (subsequently automatic) analytical process. In other systems, the analytical process, to some degree, is manually
controlled.
3.2 The actual process can vary substantially from instrument to instrument, since a variety of means can be utilized to effect
the primary requirements of the test methods. All satisfactory processes provide for the following:
3.2.1 The conversion of the subject materials (in their entirety) to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and elemental nitrogen,
respectively, and
3.2.2 The subsequent, quantitative determination of these gases in an appropriate gas stream.
3.3 The conversion of the subject materials to their corresponding gases takes place largely during combustion of the sample
at an elevated temperature in an atmosphere of purified oxygen. Here, a variety of gaseous materials are produced, including the
following:
3.3.1 Carbon dioxide from the oxidation of organic and elemental carbon,
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03
on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved Dec.May 1, 2009.2010. Published JanuaryJuly 2010. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 as D5291–02
(2007). D5291–09. DOI: 10.1520/D5291-109.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5291–10
3.3.2 Hydrogen halides from organic halides (and organic hydro
...
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